River Nore

River Nore
River Nore in the City of Kilkenny.
Map of the Nore's course
EtymologyOld Irish: Eoir[1]
Native nameAn Fheoir (Irish)[2]
Location
StateRepublic of Ireland
RegionLeinster
CountiesTipperary, Laois, Kilkenny, Waterford
Physical characteristics
SourceDevil's Bit Mountain
 • locationCounty Tipperary
MouthRiver Barrow
 • location
New Ross, County Wexford
Length140 km (87 mi)
Basin size2,595 km2 (1,002 sq mi)[3]
Discharge 
 • average42.9 m3/s (1,510 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River systemThree Sisters
Tributaries 
 • leftRiver Suir

The River Nore (Irish: An Fheoir [ə ˈn̠ʲoːɾʲ])[2] is one of the principal rivers (along with the River Suir and River Barrow) in the South-East Region of Ireland. The 140-kilometre-long (87 mi) river drains approximately 2,530 square kilometres (977 sq mi) of Leinster and Munster,[4][5] that encompasses parts of three counties (Tipperary, Laois, Kilkenny). Along with the River Suir and River Barrow, it is one of the constituent rivers of the group known as the Three Sisters.

Starting in the Devil's Bit Mountain, County Tipperary, the river flows generally southeast, and then south, before its confluence with the River Barrow at Ringwood, and the Barrow railway bridge at Drumdowney, County Kilkenny, which empties into the Celtic Sea at Waterford Harbour, Waterford.

The long term average flow rate of the River Nore is 42.9 cubic metres per second (m3/s)[5] The river is home to the only known extant population of the critically endangered Nore freshwater pearl mussel, and much of its length is listed as a Special Area of Conservation.[6]

Name

Nore is an anglicisation of the river's Old Irish name An Eoir;[7] the modern Irish name is An Fheoir. As such, the name is believed to be derived, etymologically, from Old Irish feórann: "green bank or shoreland."[8] Modern Irish feora means "green bank, edge or shore of sea, lake or river". In regard to "An Fheoir, the Nore (g. -e, al. An Eoir); al. Feor, cf. feora", Dinneen's Dictionary (1927) states: "Feoir g. -e, and Feorach, f. border, brim, edge; a stream or rivulet.”[9]

The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee (Félire Óengusso Céli Dé), published some time before the year 824, mentions the river: re taeb Eoire uarglaine "the cold-pure Eoire ."[10] A Middle Irish reference, from before 1420, refers to the Fiond-chlár fairsing na Feoire "fair wide plain of the Feoir".[11]

Course

Bridge over the Nore in Kilkenny

The Nore rises on the eastern slopes of the Devil's Bit Mountain in the townland of Borrisnoe, County Tipperary. It then flows south-eastwards to County Laois and County Kilkenny before joining the River Barrow just north of New Ross near the Barrow Bridge.[12] The river passes near Durrow, County Laois then through Ballyragget, the city of Kilkenny and then the villages of Bennettsbridge and Thomastown. Further south, it forms a picturesque V-shaped river valley, particularly notable near the village of Inistioge, the tidal limit. Major tributaries of the Nore include the Dinan, the Breagagh at Kilkenny City, the King's River, the Little Arrigle and the Black Water.

The river nore as seen from [[Kilkenny Castle]]
The river nore as seen from Kilkenny Castle

List of places along the river.

List of tributaries

  • River Erkina
  • River Dinan (Dinin, Deen)
  • White Horse (Mountrath River)
  • Breagagh
  • King's River
  • Little Arrigle
  • Black Water

Geology and morphology

The Nore rises on a sandstone base but the catchment soon turns to limestone and remains so to the sea. The countryside is one of mixed farming, with some tillage, quite a bit of pasture and dairying and some bloodstock. The river has a fairly steep gradient but the flow is checked by innumerable weirs and it is probably true to say that shallow glides are the pre-dominant feature.[4]

History

River Nore at Thomastown in County Kilkenny

In pre-Famine years, there were many water-powered industries in the Nore valley, particularly in the ten-mile (16 km) stretch between Kilkenny City and Thomastown, including breweries, woolen mills, sawmills, marble works, distillaries and grain mills. Flax and linen were produced just north of Kilkenny City.

Recreation

Kilkenny fishing club has extensive fishing rights on the River Nore and its tributary, the River Dinan. Popular with anglers, it holds brown trout and salmon.[citation needed][4]

Some of these weirs along the river have good playboating qualities. The river is long and mostly flat and dotted with weirs at most of the villages it passes through.[13]

Salmon runs on the river Nore were interrupted in 2005 and 2006 by a flood relief scheme in Kilkenny city carried out by the Office of Public Works. Initially budgeted at €13.1 million, the scheme was delivered at a cost in excess of €48 million[14] and did not contain suitable fish passes. This oversight has since been rectified at additional expense and salmon can now ascend the river upstream of Kilkenny city.

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ó Cíobháin 2007.
  2. ^ a b (Fiontar 2008, An Fheoir/River Nore (river))
  3. ^ (Environmental Protection Agency 2016, Catchment: Nore, Environmental Protection Agency 2018, Nore Catchment Assessment 2010-2015 (HA 15))
  4. ^ a b c "Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing". Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2008.
  5. ^ a b South Eastern River Basin District Management System. Page 38 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ River Barrow and River Nore (IE0002162). Site Synopsis Archived 2007-12-19 at the Wayback Machine - National Parks and Wildlife Service, Republic of Ireland. Natura 2000 (data set Archived 28 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine) - European Environment Agency.
  7. ^ "Breandán Ó Cíobháin has confirmed that the modern name ... An Fheoir does represent the early form An Eoir ... with an initial sound that was represented in English as 'yeo'", and therefore cognate with Ioriponte, the original name of Jerpoint, in Kilkenny. (An Chomhairle Oidhreachta/The Heritage Council, 2007, Newtown Jerpoint, County Kilkenny: Conservation Plan. Dublin, Heritage Council, p.53.)
  8. ^ "EDIL - Irish Language Dictionary".
  9. ^ Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla, Patrick S. Dinneen (ed.) 1996, (1st pub. 1927) reprinted 1996), p. 447.
  10. ^ "úar". eDIL (An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language). 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  11. ^ Archive.org, "The topographical poems of John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na naomh O'Huidhrin," modern translation by John O’Donovan published in 1862.
  12. ^ Hughes 1863.
  13. ^ "Irish whitewater river guide to the Nore". Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 11 September 2008.
  14. ^ "Kilkenny flood costs lead to cuts". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to River Nore.
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Nore.

52°25′N 6°57′W / 52.417°N 6.950°W / 52.417; -6.950