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Rijeka Synagogue
Rijeka Synagogue
Croatian: Riječka sinagoga
	An undated image of the former synagogue
Religion
Affiliation	Neolog Judaism (former)
Rite	Nusach Ashkenaz
Ecclesiastical or organisational status	Synagogue (1903–1944)
Status	Destroyed
Location
Location	Rijeka, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
Country	Croatia
	Location of the destroyed synagogue in Croatia
Geographic coordinates	45°19′37″N 14°26′31″E / 45.32699°N 14.44202°E
Architecture
Architect(s)	Lipót Baumhorn
Type	Synagogue architecture
Style	Art Nouveau
Date established	September 26, 1781 (as a congregation)
Completed	1903
Destroyed	January 25, 1944
Materials	Red brick

The Rijeka Synagogue (Croatian: Riječka sinagoga), also called the Great Synagogue of Rijeka, was a former Neolog^[1] Jewish synagogue, located in Rijeka, Croatia. Completed in 1903, the synagogue served as the main synagogue of the city until it was destroyed by Nazis in 1944.^[2]^[3]

History

The first Jews settled in Rijeka from the Italian Adriatic coast in the 15th century. The Jewish community of Rijeka was established on September 26, 1781. The first Rijeka synagogue was located in a three-storey house. In 1901, the Jewish community of Rijeka had 2,600 members.

The Jewish community of Rijeka collected voluntary contributions for the construction of the synagogue. Construction began in 1902 at Via del Pomerio 31, and it was finished on September 18, 1903. The new synagogue was opened on the holiday of the Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashanah, October 22, 1903.^[3]^[4]

The synagogue was a square-layout tower with a cupola above the shrine and two smaller cupolas at the entrance façade. Red façade brick was used for decoration, while the façade was emphasized with white horizontal lines and small relief architectural decorations. Large openings of pointy arched three-light mullioned windows were prominent on the façade.^[5] The interior of the synagogue was built in the Mudéjar style.

After German retreat from the area of Rijeka, the building was set on fire on January 25, 1944,^[3]^[4] and the price of its restoration was too high so the remains of the damaged synagogue were sold as construction material. Today at the site of the grandiose synagogue there is an inscription describing the former building.^[5]

The Rijeka Orthodox Synagogue, a much smaller and Orthodox synagogue, served as the synagogue for both congregations following the destruction of the Great Synagogue. The Rijeka Orthodox Synagogue was completed in 1931 in the Rationalist style, and is one of the very few Croatian synagogues that survived the destruction of the Nazi period.^[5]

Gallery

Original building

References

^ ^a ^b Wilkinson, C. J. (December 13, 2021). "Conjuring Ghosts – Jewish Rijeka: A Sense of the Invisible (Traveling The Croatian Coastline #43)". History of Rijeka: Europe Between East And West. C. J Wilkinson. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Wilkinson, C. J. (December 17, 2021). "Staring Into The Abyss – Neolog Synagogue of Rijeka: A Spiritual Void (Traveling The Croatian Coastline #44)". History of Rijeka: Europe Between East And West. C. J Wilkinson. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgani, Teodoro (2006). Židovi Rijeke i Opatije (1441.-1945.) (in Croatian). Rijeka: Adamić d.o.o., Židovska općina Rijeka. ISBN 978-953-219-323-7.
^ ^a ^b Starčević, Irena Deže (June 2011). Židovska općina Rijeka (in Croatian). Židovi u Rijeci. pp. 4, 8, 10, 18–20.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Synagogue". Rijeka Heritage. Rijecke Industrije. March 27, 2008.