Rhapsodie for saxophone and orchestra

Rhapsodie
by Claude Debussy
First edition cover page
Native name	Rapsodie pour orchestre et saxophone
Other name	Rhapsodie mauresque, Rhapsodie orientale
Catalogue	L. 98
Composed	1901-1911, Orchestrated 1919
Dedication	Elise Hall
Scoring	alto saxophone accompaniment
Premiere
Date	14 May 1919 (1919-05-14)
Location	Paris, France
Conductor	André Caplet
Performers	Pierre Mayeur (alto saxophone)

Rhapsodie for saxophone and orchestra, L.98, also known as Rhapsodie mauresque or Rhapsodie orientale, is a piece for alto saxophone and accompaniment by Claude Debussy. Completed in solo and piano form in 1911, the piece is most well known through its 1919 orchestration of the accompaniment by Jean Roger-Ducasse.

History

Commissioning a number of composers such as André Caplet and Vincent d'Indy, in 1901 American saxophonist Elise Hall had requested Debussy to compose a piece for the saxophone.^[1] During the process of composition, Debussy is noted to have not looked favorably upon the abilities of either Hall nor the saxophone, and did not work on the commission for months. After a number of visits by Hall to Paris, Debussy had given her a score of Pelléas et Mélisande and continued working on Rhapsodie.^[2] Debussy had finished the piece's sketches in 1908, but had resumed and completed the saxophone and piano score in 1911, eventually sending the score off to Hall.

After Debussy's death in 1918, Jean Roger-Ducasse orchestrated the piano accompaniment for a full orchestra in 1919. Rhapsodie eventually premiered on May 14, 1919, at the Salle Gaveau by the Société nationale de musique, conducted by André Caplet. Rather than Elise Hall, who at the time of the premier had become entirely deaf, Pierre Mayeur had played the solo saxophone part during the first performance.^[3]

Boston Symphony performances on 12-13 February 1932 featured the orchestra's Louis Speyer playing the solo part on English horn.^[4] The 11-12 November 1939 performances by Sigurd Rascher with the New York Philharmonic were of a "revised version by [conductor] Ernest Ansermet," where "Ansermet in revising the score has allotted to the saxophone some passages given by Roger-Ducasse to other wind instruments."^[5]

Instrumentation

Jean Roger-Ducasse's orchestration calls for:

Solo alto saxophone
3 flutes (one doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons
4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba
Timpani, triangle, tambourine, cymbals
Harp
strings

The 1939 NY Philharmonic performance gives the same instrumentation for Ansermet's revised version.

References

^ "Rhapsody for alto saxophone & ... | Details". AllMusic. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
^ "The Incredible Story of Elise Hall's Saxophone and Debussy's Trainwreck Commission | WQXR Editorial". WQXR. 30 August 2017. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
^ Noyes, James R. (2007). "Debussy's "Rapsodie pour orchestre et saxophone" Revisited". The Musical Quarterly. 90 (3/4): 416–445. doi:10.1093/musqtl/gdn020. ISSN 0027-4631. JSTOR 25172879.
^ See the 1931-32 season's program book: https://archive.org/details/bostonsymphonyo193132bost/page/n6/mode/1up?view=theater
^ New York Philharmonic concert program, 11 November 1939: https://archives.nyphil.org/index.php/artifact/4639d9dd-773c-4add-9924-c638541ade73-0.1/fullview#page/4/mode/1up

External links

Full Score

Claude Debussy

List of compositions

Opera

Rodrigue et Chimène (1890–1892)
Pelléas et Mélisande (1893–1902)
Le diable dans le beffroi (1902–1911)
La chute de la maison Usher (1908–1917)

Ballet

Khamma (1911–1912)
Jeux (1912–1913)
La boîte à joujoux (1913)

Orchestral

Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (1894)
Nocturnes (1897–1899)
La mer (1903–1905)
Images (1905–1912)

With a soloist	L'enfant prodigue (1884) Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (1889–1890) Première rhapsodie (1909–1910) Rhapsodie for saxophone and orchestra (1901-1911)

Chamber

Piano Trio (1879)
String Quartet (1893)
Dances for Harp and String Orchestra (1904)
Syrinx for flute (1913)
Six sonatas for various instruments (1915–1917): Cello Sonata (1915)

Piano

Solo

Two Arabesques (1888, 1891)
Valse romantique (1890)
Suite bergamasque (1890–1905)
Pour le piano suite (1894–1901)
Estampes (1903)
Masques (1904)
L'isle joyeuse (1904)
Images, Set 1 (1905)
- Reflets dans l'eau
Children's Corner (1906–1908)
The Little Nigar (1909)
Préludes, Book 1 (1909–1910)
La plus que lente (1910)
Préludes, Book 2 (1912–1913)
- Brouillards
- Hommage à S. Pickwick Esq. P.P.M.P.C.
Études (1915)

Four hands or two pianos	Petite suite (1886–1889) Six épigraphes antiques (1914) En blanc et noir (1915)

Songs

Beau soir (1880)
Ariettes oubliées (1885–1887)
Cinq poèmes de Charles Baudelaire (1887–1889)
Fêtes galantes (1891–1904)

Other vocal

Category

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