Republic (pressure group)

Republic
Formation1983/2006
Legal statusLimited company
PurposePolitical advocacy
HeadquartersLondon
Region served
United Kingdom
Membership9,000[1] (May 2023)
Carol Lever
Graham Smith
Main organ
Board of directors
AffiliationsAlliance of European Republican Movements
Websiterepublic.org.uk

Republic is a British republican pressure group advocating the replacement of the United Kingdom's monarchy with a de jure parliamentary republic.[2] It is a member organisation of the Alliance of European Republican Movements and is currently by far the largest organisation solely campaigning for a republican constitution for Britain. Other organisations include No More Royals, Our Republic, Cymru Republic and Labour for a Republic. Republic states that its mission is: "the replacement of hereditary monarchy with a democratic republican constitution".[3] As of 2023, Carol Lever is the current chair of Republic, and Graham Smith is the chief executive.[4]

History

Originally created by a small group of republicans in London in 1983,[5] Republic was reinvented as a campaigning pressure group in 2006, when it became formally set up as a limited company (Republic Campaign Ltd) with a board of directors and executive office.[6] During the period between the announcement of the engagement of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2010 and the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012, the group's supporters increased from around 9,000 to around 30,000,[7] with around 500 new members being gained at the time of the 2011 Royal Wedding. By 2015, the group had two full-time members of staff and an income of £140,000. In 2016, it had over 5,000 paying members and about 35,000 online supporters.[8][6] After the 2023 coronation, Republic reported a surge in support, reaching 9,000 members.[1]

Campaigns and issues

A 2016 Republic protest banner

CEO Graham Smith has criticised hereditary power as being "absurd", and monarchy as an outdated political institution that "abuses its position, abuses public money and which gives politicians too much power."[9] Following the death of Elizabeth II, Republic briefly suspended public comments out of respect for the late Queen, and then returned to campaigning following the proclamation of accession of Charles III.[10] Republic had stated in 2016 that after the death of Elizabeth II it would mount a campaign for a referendum on the future of the monarchy. The plan was to do this during the period between the Queen's funeral and the coronation of her successor, though this did not occur.[11]

Royal secrecy

In December 2015, Republic published Royal Secrecy: A Report on Royal Secrecy and Power.[12] The report argues that the "question of royal secrecy also presents a conundrum for the monarchy. In this modern world of highly connected citizens and networks that circumvent traditional sources of information continued secrecy will gradually erode public trust in the institution. Yet the fear of transparency so apparent in the palace’s behaviour is very real."

Since 2015 a number of academics and biographers have called for an end to royal secrecy,[13][14][15] with Index on Censorship releasing a new report in January 2023.

Royal finances

Further information: Finances of the British royal family

Republic asserts that there is a lack of transparency and accountability with respect to the funding of the monarchy. The group believes the royal finances should be independently audited by the National Audit Office, like all other central government departments, and that the monarchy's exemption from the Freedom of Information Act should be removed.

Republic's response to the annual royal finance reports is reported in the media.[16] In 2017, Republic published its Royal Finances Report, which estimated the total cost of the monarchy to be at least £345m,[17] once additional costs such as royal security, revenues from the Duchies and costs to local councils had been taken into account.[18]

Republic's calculations do not factor in the profits of the Crown Estate, which are transferred to national funds in return for the civil list (a payment superseded by the Sovereign Grant in 2012); they assert that the Crown Estate is the property of the monarch only in their capacity as Head of State, and therefore state property.

Prince Charles and the Duchy of Cornwall

In May 2007, Republic persuaded Brian Iddon MP to table an early day motion about the lack of transparency in the Duchy of Cornwall's accounts.[7] The Duke of Cornwall was at that time Prince Charles, the future King Charles III. Following a legal ruling in 2011 that the Duchy of Cornwall was separate from Prince Charles for the purposes of regulation, Republic asked HM Revenue and Customs to investigate if the Duchy should still be exempt from tax. The tax exemption is based on the assumption that the Duchy estate is inseparable from the tax exempt person of Prince Charles, which has become open to question.[19] In 2013, lobbying by Republic resulted in William Nye, Prince Charles's private secretary, appearing before the Public Accounts Committee to explain the Duchy's tax arrangements.[7]

Republic regularly criticised Prince Charles for expressing forthright views and lobbying on political issues, which the group said was unconstitutional.[20] It also called on the British Government to stop subsidising Charles' £16.3m annual income through grants[21] and tax breaks.[22] In 2015, Republic launched a campaign and petition, Take Back the Duchy, to abolish the Duchy of Cornwall and transfer its land and assets to the Crown Estate.[23][24] In December 2015, a freedom of information request by Republic revealed that Prince Charles had routine access to confidential government papers.[8]

Oaths of allegiance

In 2008, Republic launched a campaign to give republicans an alternative oath of allegiance.[25] The campaign began with an Early Day Motion and was taken up by human rights lawyer Louise Christian.[26]

2011 Royal wedding

In advance of the 2011 wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the tourist organisation VisitBritain said that the event would be good for tourism. In response, Republic made a freedom of information request for VisitBritain documents which indicated that royal weddings had in the past had a negative effect on tourism.[7] Republic held an alternative street party in London at the Royal Wedding, "celebrating democracy and people power rather than inherited privilege", along with other events across the UK's major cities. Republic's London event had initially been blocked by Camden Council.[27]

BBC coverage of the monarchy

Republic has claimed that the BBC displays bias in relation to its reporting of royal matters.[28] The documentary The Diamond Queen was criticised for this: in a letter to the chairman of the BBC Trust, Chris Patten, Republic's chief executive, Graham Smith, argued that the programme breached BBC guidelines on impartiality. In his letter, Smith claimed the series was subject to "distortions, half-truths and fabrications".[29][30][31]

Requests for investigating and military discharging of Prince Andrew

In March 2016, Smith filed a formal report to the police, requesting an investigation into allegations that Prince Andrew, Duke of York had caused damaged to sensor-operated gates in Windsor Great Park by forcing them open in his Range Rover to avoid going an extra mile on his way home.[32] The Thames Valley force dismissed the reports due to lack of details.[33]

On 13 January 2022, Republic released[34] an open letter, signed by more than 150 military veterans, addressed to the Queen in her capacity as head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, which contained a request that Prince Andrew be stripped of all his honorary military roles.[35] In the letter, which was sent from Republic's London address,[36] the signatories expressed "upset and anger" in the wake of a ruling (made the day before by the New York judge Lewis A. Kaplan) that Prince Andrew must face a civil lawsuit in the U.S. for alleged sexual assault brought by Virginia Giuffre, and they argued that it was "untenable" for the Duke of York to retain his positions in the armed forces.[35] On receipt of the letter that day, Buckingham Palace declined to comment.[35] Later in the day,[34][35] Prince Andrew's military affiliations and royal patronages were returned to the Queen, and it was announced that he would defend the lawsuit as a "private citizen".[37] The civil case was settled out of court in 2022, but in January 2024 previously-sealed court documents relating to Virginia Giuffre were published. In response to these Republic asked the Metropolitan Police to reopen its investigations into the allegations and called on King Charles to make a public statement.[38]

Coronation of Charles III

Protesters on Trafalgar Square on the day of the 2023 coronation.
Protesters on Trafalgar Square on the day of the 2023 coronation.

Prior to the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla on 6 May 2023, Republic announced plans to hold demonstrations at Parliament Square in London against the ceremony, citing opposition to the extravagance of the event amidst the UK cost of living crisis.[39] On the day of the coronation the Metropolitan Police took action against the protests, arresting a reported 52 people, including members of Republic. Republic's leader, Graham Smith, was held in police custody for nearly 16 hours. In addition, hundreds of Republic placards were reportedly seized.[40] In an official statement, Republic condemned the arrests as "a direct attack on our democracy and the fundamental rights of every person in the country".[41][42] Republic had previously held a number of discussions with senior Met officers, making clear their plans, which the Met had said they had no objections to. Police defended their actions stating that they had confiscated lock-on devices which are banned for use in protests under the Public Order Act 2023.[43] However this was disputed and the police later concluded they had no grounds for suspecting any intent to lock on.

Advocacy of the replacement of the monarchy with a republic has been an imprisonable offence in law. The Treason Felony Act 1848 prohibits the advocacy of a republic in print. The penalty for such advocacy, even if the republic is to be set up by peaceful means, is lifetime imprisonment. This Act remains in force in the United Kingdom.[44] However, under the Human Rights Act 1998, the Law Lords have held that although the Treason Felony Act remains on the statute books it must be interpreted so as to be compatible with the Human Rights Act, and therefore no longer prohibits peaceful republican activity.[45]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (13 May 2023). "Membership of anti-monarchy group Republic almost doubles in wake of coronation arrests". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  2. ^ "What kind of republic will Britain become?". YouTube. Republic. Archived from the original on 2022-02-01. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  3. ^ "The organisation". Republic. 2015. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  4. ^ "Meet the team". Republic. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  5. ^ "imagine: a democratic alternative to the monarchy" (PDF). Republic. Autumn 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  6. ^ a b "About Republic". Republic. 2014. Archived from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d Aida Edemariam (19 July 2013). "'There is now a republican movement': anti-royal campaigners get organised". Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  8. ^ a b Simon Usborne (22 January 2016). "Meet Britain's republicans: Is the UK ready for change in the year the Queen turns 90?". Independent. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  9. ^ Wellman, Alex (4 May 2015). "Royal baby: Anti-monarchy group slams "absurd" birth as membership numbers swell by hundreds". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  10. ^ Gartside, Ben (17 September 2022). "As Charles takes the throne, republicans plan how to get rid of the monarchy for good". i News. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  11. ^ Matthew Weaver (20 April 2016). "Republicans to call for monarchy referendum when Queen dies". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  12. ^ "Royal Secrecy". Republic. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  13. ^ Murphy, Philip (2015-07-22). "What the royal family can learn from MI5 about secrecy". The Conversation. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  14. ^ "History and the royal family's 'secret' archives". 2023-09-03. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  15. ^ Macintyre, Ben (2023-09-03). "Royal family are even more secretive than MI5". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  16. ^ Cost of Royal Family rises £1.5m Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. BBC, dated 29 June 2009.
  17. ^ "Royal finances". Republic. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  18. ^ "The True Cost of the Royals". Republic. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  19. ^ Booth, Robert (14 December 2012). "Prince Charles's 700m estate accused of tax avoidance". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  20. ^ Smith, Graham (17 November 2008). "Don't be a meddling monarch, Charles". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  21. ^ "Public funds for Charles top £3m". BBC News. 23 June 2009.
  22. ^ Thompson, Lauren (24 April 2009). "Prince Charles gets new tax break amid furore of Budget". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  23. ^ Goodwin, Phil (30 June 2015). "Scrap the Duchy and share out the spoils, republicans to be told". Western Morning News. Archived from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  24. ^ "Take back the Duchy". republic.org.uk. Republic. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015. Republic is campaigning against the Duchy of Cornwall, calling for it to be taken off Prince Charles and effectively 're-nationalised'.
  25. ^ "Challenge the Oath". Republic. 2011. Archived from the original on 9 September 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  26. ^ "MPs' Queen oath faces legal fight". BBC News. 15 August 2008. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  27. ^ "Making a stand against the royal wedding". BBC News. 28 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  28. ^ Alex Wellman (4 May 2015). "Royal baby: Anti-monarchy group slams "absurd" birth as membership numbers swell by hundreds". Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018. with over 2000 children born every day in this country, when 3.5m children in the UK grow up in poverty, it's not right we treat this one baby as more special, more deserving than all the rest.
  29. ^ BBC royal series The Diamond Queen biased, Republic says Archived 2012-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News
  30. ^ BBC's jubilee documentary 'one-sided', says republican pressure group Archived 2016-09-22 at the Wayback Machine, Ben Dowell, The Guardian, 24 February 2012
  31. ^ "Letter from Graham Smith to Chris Patten" (PDF). Republic. 21 February 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  32. ^ Weaver, Matthew (16 March 2016). "Duke of York 'should be prosecuted for ramming open park gate'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  33. ^ Weaver, Matthew (17 March 2016). "Police won't investigate Prince Andrew over alleged gate ramming". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  34. ^ a b "Prince Andrew loses military titles and use of HRH". BBC News. 13 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022.
  35. ^ a b c d Quinn, Ben; Davies, Caroline (13 January 2022). "Queen strips Prince Andrew of military roles and royal patronages". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022.
  36. ^ Fenton A, Wilson A, Sutton A, et al. (13 January 2022). "Prince Andrew's position in the armed forces" (PDF). Letter to The Queen. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2022.
  37. ^ "A statement from Buckingham Palace regarding The Duke of York". The Royal Family. 13 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  38. ^ Sephton, Connor (5 January 2024). "Jeffrey Epstein court documents: Bill Clinton 'threatened' magazine not to publish articles about his 'good friend'". Sky News.
  39. ^ Schomberg, William (22 January 2023). "Anti-monarchists plan protests at coronation of Britain's King Charles". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  40. ^ "Head of UK anti-monarchy group arrested at coronation protest". Al Jazeera. 6 May 2023. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  41. ^ "'Direct attack on democracy': Head of anti-monarchy protest slams arrests after release". ITV News. 6 May 2023. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  42. ^ "Furious CEO Of Republic Says Police Should 'Hang Their Heads In Shame' Over Arrests". HuffPost UK. May 7, 2023.
  43. ^ Daly, Patrick (10 May 2023). "MPs to probe Met Police's handling of anti-monarchy coronation arrests after backlash". The Independent. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  44. ^ Clare Dyer (June 27, 2003). "Guardian vindicated in treason case". The Guardian. London.
  45. ^ R. (Rusbridger) v. Attorney General [2003] UKHL 38; [2004] AC 357; [2003] 3 All ER 784.

Read other articles:

Anikonisme dalam Islam

Hiasan keramik di Kubah Shakhrah, Yerusalem. Anikonisme dalam Islam adalah pelarangan dalam Islam terhadap penciptaan gambar makhluk hidup yang bernyawa. Pelarangan yang paling mutlak adalah gambar Allah, diikuti oleh penggambaran Nabi Muhammad, dan kemudian nabi-nabi Islam dan kerabat Nabi Muhammad, tetapi penggambaran semua manusia dan hewan tidak dianjurkan dalam hadis dan oleh tradisi lama para ulama, terutama Sunni. Hal ini telah menyebabkan seni Islam didominasi oleh pola geometris Isla...

 

Leang Pellenge

Leang PellengeGua PellengeLua error in Modul:Location_map at line 425: Kesalahan format nilai koordinat.LokasiLingkungan Panaikang, Kelurahan Leang-Leang, Kecamatan Bantimurung, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan, IndonesiaKoordinat4°58'15.0S 119°41'10.3E[1]Rentang tinggi60 mdplGeologikarst / batu kapur / batu gampingSitus webvisit.maroskab.go.idcagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.idkebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbsulsel/ Wisata Gua PrasejarahLeang Pellenge Informasi Lokasi Lingkungan Panaikang,...

 

Las mil y una noches (serie de televisión)

Este artículo o sección tiene referencias, pero necesita más para complementar su verificabilidad.Este aviso fue puesto el 16 de noviembre de 2020. Binbir Gece Serie de televisión Títulos en español Las mil y una nochesLas mil noches de Onur y SherezadeLas mil noches de Onur & SherezadeGénero MelodramaGuion por Mehmet BilalMurat LütfüDirigido por Kudret SabancıProtagonistas Halit ErgençBergüzar KorelTardu FlordunCeyda DüvenciErgün DemirYonca CevherCompositor(es) KiraçPaís...

قرية أندوفر (نيويورك)

قرية أندوفر الإحداثيات 42°09′31″N 77°47′43″W / 42.1586°N 77.7953°W / 42.1586; -77.7953  [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ألليغاني  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 2.631886 كيلومتر مربع2.631887 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفاع 506 متر،  و509 متر&...

 

Geo Films

Pakistani film distribution company Geo FilmsLogo used as of 2015IndustryFilm distributionFounded2007HeadquartersKarachi, PakistanOwnerImran Aslam (CEO) Rehmat Fazli (director)ParentGeo Television NetworkWebsitegeofilms.tv Geo Films is a film production and distribution company owned by Geo Television Network based in Karachi, Pakistan.[1] Geo Films distributes Hollywood, Lollywood and Indian films in cinemas across Pakistan.[2] Films distributed Foreign films The following is...

 

Laut dalam

Zona laut dalam. Laut dalam adalah lapisan terbawah dari lautan, berada di bawah lapisan thermocline pada kedalaman lebih dari 1828 m. Sangat sedikit atau bahkan tidak ada cahaya yang dapat masuk ke area ini, sebagian besar organisme bergantung pada material organik yang jatuh dari zona fotik. Karena alasan inilah para saintis mengira bahwa kehidupan di tempat ini akan sangat sedikit, tetapi dengan adanya peralatan yang dapat menyelam ke kedalaman, ditemukan bahwa ditemukan cukup banyak kehid...

Háje (Prague)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Háje Prague – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Blankyt shopping center The Czech village of Háje was founded in 18th century, and became part of Prague in 1968. Now it is its own...

 

Hormizd II

Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan dari artikel terkait di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. (Agustus 2023) klik [tampil] untuk melihat petunjuk sebelum menerjemahkan. Lihat versi terjemahan mesin dari artikel bahasa Inggris. Terjemahan mesin Google adalah titik awal yang berguna untuk terjemahan, tapi penerjemah harus merevisi kesalahan yang diperlukan dan meyakinkan bahwa hasil terjemahan tersebut akurat, bukan hanya salin-tempel teks hasil terjemahan mesin ke dalam Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Jan...

 

Ice rafting

For the overthrusting of one ice sheet over another, see Finger rafting. The transport of various materials by drifting ice This debris-covered iceberg was calved from the terminus of Alaska's Sheridan Glacier. Ice rafting is the transport of various materials by ice. Various objects deposited on ice may eventually become embedded in the ice. When the ice melts after a certain amount of drifting, these objects are deposited onto the bottom of the water body, e.g., onto a river bed or an ocean...

Cursus

Neolithic earthwork For the four-volumes breviary, see Liturgy of the Hours. See also: Cursus (disambiguation) Stonehenge Cursus, Wiltshire Dorset Cursus terminal on Thickthorn Down, Dorset Cursuses are monumental Neolithic structures resembling ditches or trenches in the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.[1] Relics found within them indicate that they were built between 3400 and 3000 BC, making them among the oldest monumental structures on the islands. The name 'cursus' was sugge...

 

Morten Tyldum

Morten Tyldum Morten Tyldum (Bergen, 19 maggio 1967) è un regista norvegese. Ha ricevuto una candidatura all'Oscar al miglior regista per The Imitation Game. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Carriera 3 Filmografia 3.1 Regista 3.1.1 Cinema 3.1.2 Televisione 3.2 Produttore esecutivo 4 Riconoscimenti 5 Note 6 Altri progetti 7 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Cresciuto a Bergen, dai 5 agli 8 anni ha vissuto a Tønsberg per poi trasferirsi a Sotra per un breve periodo e poi nuovamente nella sua città natale d...

 

Nannochloropsis

Genus of algae Nannochloropsis Nannochloropsis viewed under a light microscope Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Diaphoretickes Clade: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Phylum: Gyrista Subphylum: Ochrophytina Class: Eustigmatophyceae Order: Eustigmatales Family: Monodopsidaceae Genus: NannochloropsisD.J.Hibberd, 1981[1] Type species Nannochloropsis oculata(Droop 1955) Hibberd 1981 Nannochloropsis is a genus of algae comprising six known species. The genus in the current taxono...

اليونان

  اليونان (باليونانية: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία)‏  اليونانعلم اليونان  اليونانشعار اليونان    الشعار الوطني(باليونانية: Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος)‏  النشيد:  ترنيمة إلى الحرية  الأرض والسكان إحداثيات 38°30′N 23°00′E / 38.5°N 23°E / 38.5; 23   [1] أعلى قمة جب�...

 

Linear referencing

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A station number written on a silt fence at a construction site Linear referencing, also called linear reference system or linear referencing system (LRS), is a method of spatial referencing in engineering and construction, in which the locations of physical ...

 

Keita Machida

Japanese actor (born 1990) Keita Machida町田 啓太Machida in March 2023Born (1990-07-04) 4 July 1990 (age 33)Higashiagatsuma, Gunma, JapanEducationJapan Airlines High School, Ishikawa[1]Alma materNippon Sport Science University[1][2]OccupationActorYears active2010–presentAgentLDHHeight1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)[3]Spouse Hyunri [ja] ​ ​(m. 2022)​ Keita Machida (町田 啓太, Machida Kei...

مطار دمشق الدولي

33°24′41.48″N 36°30′56.01″E / 33.4115222°N 36.5155583°E / 33.4115222; 36.5155583 مطار دمشق الدولي إياتا: DAM  – ايكاو: OSDI  موجز نوع المطار مطار دولي المشغل المؤسسة العامة للطيران المدني يخدم دمشق البلد سوريا  الموقع دمشق -  سوريا الارتفاع 2020 قدم  إحداثيات 33°24′41″N 36°30′56″E / &#x...

 

Dream Ahead

American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse Dream AheadRacing colours of Khalifa DasmalSireDiktatGrandsireWarningDamLand of DreamsDamsireCadeaux GenereuxSexStallionFoaled20 February 2008CountryUnited StatesColourBayBreederDarley StudOwnerKhalifa DasmalTrainerDavid SimcockRecord9:6-0-0Earnings£810,186Major winsPrix Morny (2010)Middle Park Stakes (2010) July Cup (2011)Haydock Sprint Cup (2011)Prix de la Forêt (2011)AwardsTop-rated two-year-old in Europe (2010)European Champion Sprinter (2011) Dream ...

 

Berendsen plc

Berendsen plcCompany typePublic companyTraded asLSE: BRSNIndustryTextile rental serviceFounded1854HeadquartersSøborg Key peopleIain Ferguson, chairman James Drummond, CEORevenue£1,110.0 million (2016)[1]Operating income£140.7 million (2016)[1]Net income£91.5 million (2016)[1]Websiteberendsen.com Berendsen Textile Service (formerly Sophus Berendsen, Berendsen plc and The Davis Service Group Plc) is a provider of textile maintenance services...

Productive capacity

Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Productive capacity is the maximum possible output of an economy. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), no agreed-upon definition of maximum output exists. UNCTAD itself proposes: the productive resources, entr...

 

August Bogusch

August BoguschAugust BoguschBornAugust Raimond Bogusch(1890-08-05)5 August 1890Lubliniec, Upper Silesia, German EmpireDied24 January 1948(1948-01-24) (aged 57)Montelupich Prison, Kraków, Polish People's RepublicCause of deathExecution by hangingOccupationSS-ScharführerPolitical partyNational Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP)Criminal statusExecutedMotiveNazismConviction(s)Crimes against humanityTrialAuschwitz trialCriminal penaltyDeath August Raimond Bogusch (5 August 1890 �...