Regional Municipality of Halton
Regional municipality in Ontario, Canada
Regional municipality in Ontario, Canada
Rattlesnake Point, near Milton, Ontario .
The Regional Municipality of Halton , or Halton Region , is a regional municipality in Ontario , Canada, located in the Golden Horseshoe of Southern Ontario . It comprises the city of Burlington and the towns of Oakville , Milton , and Halton Hills . Policing in the Region is provided by the Halton Regional Police Service . The regional council's headquarters are located in Oakville. Burlington, Oakville, and Milton are largely urban and suburban, while Halton Hills is more rural.
Halton is part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), although it is the only regional municipality in the GTA that is not situated directly adjacent to Toronto ’s city proper. However, the region is split between the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto and Hamilton . Burlington is part of the Hamilton CMA, while the rest of the region is part of the Toronto CMA.
Halton experienced a growth rate of 17.1% between 2001 and 2006, and 14.2% between 2006 and 2011, giving it one of the highest growth rates in the country. Despite the unprecedented growth in residential development, agriculture and protected lands along the Niagara Escarpment are still the predominant land uses in the region. Halton has been ranked by Maclean's national crime ranking report as being the "safest place to live" in the GTA and one of the top five in Canada.[ 3]
History
The Regional Municipality of Halton was established on 1 January 1974 as the successor to the former Halton County by the Regional Municipality of Halton Act, 1973 .[ 4] From 1 January 2003, it has been governed by the Municipal Act .[ 5]
Until the 2000 municipal elections, the chairperson of the regional council had been appointed by the Ontario government. From that date, it has been an elective position. Joyce Savoline was the last appointed chairperson, and was elected and reelected until her retirement from the position in 2006. The current regional chairperson is Gary Carr .
Regional council
The council consists of the elected chairperson, the mayors of the local municipalities, and regional councillors elected by wards from the local municipalities (who also sit on their respective municipal councils).
The current membership of the council is as follows:[citation needed ]
Regional services
Halton Region provides the following services to its communities:[ 6]
Economic development
Emergency planning
Regional planning and growth management
Recycling and waste
Regional roads
Sewage (wastewater) collection systems and treatment plants
Water purification plants and distribution systems
Housing supports and services
Children and parenting
Employment and financial assistance
Ontario Works (social services)
Services for seniors
Paramedic services
Public health
Immunizations and preventable diseases
Food safety
Halton Regional Police Service
In 2018, the Region had 27 emergency vehicles and 254 paramedics; the latter answered 53,094 paramedic calls. The Police service had 721 police officers; its 911 call centre received 121,971 reports of emergency.[ 7]
Geography
Identification of urban and rural features of the Region.
While the urban areas of Burlington, Oakville and Milton are experiencing rapid growth, there is still a significant proportion of the Region that is still rural, most of which is protected as part of the provincial Greenbelt or as part of the Niagara Escarpment Plan .
Halton is somewhat unusual, in that it has three distinct climate zones within its relatively small area,[ 8] which are as follows:
Zone 5a - Halton Hills lying to the north of the Niagara Escarpment, together with the Town of Milton within the Grand River watershed
Zone 5b - the remainder of Halton Hills, Milton north of Derry Road, and that part of Burlington lying north of the Niagara Escarpment
Zone 6a - the southern remainder of the Region
Climate
Climate data for Burlington TS Climate ID: 6151064; coordinates 43°20′N 79°50′W / 43.333°N 79.833°W / 43.333; -79.833 (Burlington TS ) , elevation: 99.1 m (325 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1866–present[ note 1]
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
18.4 (65.1)
17.9 (64.2)
27.2 (81.0)
32.0 (89.6)
36.1 (97.0)
38.9 (102.0)
41.1 (106.0)
38.3 (100.9)
37.8 (100.0)
31.1 (88.0)
26.7 (80.1)
22.0 (71.6)
41.1 (106.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−0.6 (30.9)
0.8 (33.4)
5.2 (41.4)
12.4 (54.3)
19.4 (66.9)
25.0 (77.0)
28.0 (82.4)
26.7 (80.1)
21.8 (71.2)
15.1 (59.2)
8.0 (46.4)
2.4 (36.3)
13.7 (56.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−4.4 (24.1)
−3.2 (26.2)
1.0 (33.8)
7.5 (45.5)
13.9 (57.0)
19.4 (66.9)
22.5 (72.5)
21.4 (70.5)
16.9 (62.4)
10.4 (50.7)
4.4 (39.9)
−1 (30)
9.1 (48.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−8.1 (17.4)
−7.1 (19.2)
−3.3 (26.1)
2.6 (36.7)
8.3 (46.9)
13.8 (56.8)
16.9 (62.4)
16.1 (61.0)
11.9 (53.4)
5.7 (42.3)
0.7 (33.3)
−4.3 (24.3)
4.4 (39.9)
Record low °C (°F)
−30.6 (−23.1)
−29.4 (−20.9)
−27.2 (−17.0)
−14.4 (6.1)
−7.2 (19.0)
0.0 (32.0)
1.1 (34.0)
1.7 (35.1)
−3.9 (25.0)
−11.1 (12.0)
−22.8 (−9.0)
−27.8 (−18.0)
−30.6 (−23.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
66.0 (2.60)
54.5 (2.15)
61.6 (2.43)
70.6 (2.78)
81.0 (3.19)
69.1 (2.72)
75.3 (2.96)
82.0 (3.23)
83.1 (3.27)
71.9 (2.83)
84.9 (3.34)
63.0 (2.48)
863.1 (33.98)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
31.8 (1.25)
33.0 (1.30)
44.7 (1.76)
68.2 (2.69)
81.0 (3.19)
69.1 (2.72)
75.3 (2.96)
82.0 (3.23)
83.1 (3.27)
71.9 (2.83)
79.7 (3.14)
43.5 (1.71)
763.3 (30.05)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
34.2 (13.5)
21.5 (8.5)
16.9 (6.7)
2.4 (0.9)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
5.3 (2.1)
19.5 (7.7)
99.9 (39.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)
12.4
9.6
11.0
12.5
11.8
10.9
10.1
10.2
10.9
10.7
13.9
11.9
135.8
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)
4.9
4.5
8.0
11.7
11.8
10.9
10.1
10.2
10.9
10.7
12.7
7.7
113.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)
8.1
6.0
3.6
0.84
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
5.4
25.5
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[ 9] [ 10]
Climate data for Georgetown WWTP (Halton Hills ) Climate ID: 6152695; coordinates 43°28′34″N 79°52′45″W / 43.47611°N 79.87917°W / 43.47611; -79.87917 (Georgetown WWTP ) ; elevation: 221 m (725 ft); 1981–2010 normals
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
17.0 (62.6)
15.5 (59.9)
25.0 (77.0)
31.5 (88.7)
34.5 (94.1)
36.0 (96.8)
37.0 (98.6)
36.5 (97.7)
35.5 (95.9)
29.5 (85.1)
22.0 (71.6)
20.5 (68.9)
37.0 (98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−1.7 (28.9)
−0.2 (31.6)
4.6 (40.3)
12.1 (53.8)
19.1 (66.4)
24.4 (75.9)
26.9 (80.4)
25.8 (78.4)
21.4 (70.5)
14.3 (57.7)
7.3 (45.1)
1.1 (34.0)
12.9 (55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−6.3 (20.7)
−5.2 (22.6)
−0.9 (30.4)
6.0 (42.8)
12.3 (54.1)
17.4 (63.3)
20.0 (68.0)
19.0 (66.2)
14.8 (58.6)
8.4 (47.1)
2.8 (37.0)
−2.9 (26.8)
7.1 (44.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−10.9 (12.4)
−10.2 (13.6)
−6.4 (20.5)
−0.2 (31.6)
5.3 (41.5)
10.4 (50.7)
13.0 (55.4)
12.1 (53.8)
8.1 (46.6)
2.4 (36.3)
−1.7 (28.9)
−6.9 (19.6)
1.3 (34.3)
Record low °C (°F)
−33.0 (−27.4)
−31.5 (−24.7)
−28.0 (−18.4)
−13.0 (8.6)
−5.0 (23.0)
−0.5 (31.1)
3.0 (37.4)
0.0 (32.0)
−4.0 (24.8)
−8.5 (16.7)
−15.5 (4.1)
−29.5 (−21.1)
−33.0 (−27.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
67.8 (2.67)
60.0 (2.36)
57.2 (2.25)
76.5 (3.01)
79.3 (3.12)
74.8 (2.94)
73.5 (2.89)
79.3 (3.12)
86.2 (3.39)
68.3 (2.69)
88.5 (3.48)
65.9 (2.59)
877.4 (34.54)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
29.7 (1.17)
28.4 (1.12)
35.2 (1.39)
71.3 (2.81)
79.0 (3.11)
74.8 (2.94)
73.5 (2.89)
79.3 (3.12)
86.2 (3.39)
67.8 (2.67)
79.9 (3.15)
36.4 (1.43)
741.5 (29.19)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
38.1 (15.0)
31.7 (12.5)
22.1 (8.7)
5.2 (2.0)
0.3 (0.1)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.5 (0.2)
8.6 (3.4)
29.5 (11.6)
135.9 (53.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)
12.6
9.4
10.6
12.4
11.9
11.2
10.6
10.6
11.7
12.3
13.3
12.3
138.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)
4.1
4.1
6.4
11.6
11.8
11.2
10.6
10.6
11.7
12.2
11.4
6.5
112.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)
9.4
6.2
4.8
1.4
0.04
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.27
2.5
6.9
31.5
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [ 11]
Climate data for Oakville Southeast WPCP Climate ID: 615N745; coordinates 43°29′N 79°38′W / 43.483°N 79.633°W / 43.483; -79.633 (Oakville Southeast WPCP ) ; elevation: 86.9 m (285 ft); 1981–2010 normals
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
13.9 (57.0)
15.6 (60.1)
27.5 (81.5)
32.0 (89.6)
33.0 (91.4)
38.0 (100.4)
37.0 (98.6)
37.5 (99.5)
35.0 (95.0)
28.9 (84.0)
23.3 (73.9)
22.0 (71.6)
38.0 (100.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−0.4 (31.3)
0.6 (33.1)
4.7 (40.5)
11.3 (52.3)
17.9 (64.2)
23.2 (73.8)
26.3 (79.3)
25.2 (77.4)
20.9 (69.6)
14.3 (57.7)
8.3 (46.9)
2.8 (37.0)
12.9 (55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−4.7 (23.5)
−3.9 (25.0)
0.1 (32.2)
6.4 (43.5)
12.3 (54.1)
17.7 (63.9)
20.9 (69.6)
20.1 (68.2)
15.6 (60.1)
9.3 (48.7)
4.0 (39.2)
−1.3 (29.7)
8.1 (46.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−8.9 (16.0)
−8.3 (17.1)
−4.5 (23.9)
1.5 (34.7)
6.8 (44.2)
12.1 (53.8)
15.4 (59.7)
15.0 (59.0)
10.2 (50.4)
4.3 (39.7)
−0.2 (31.6)
−5.5 (22.1)
3.2 (37.8)
Record low °C (°F)
−30.0 (−22.0)
−25.0 (−13.0)
−22.0 (−7.6)
−14.4 (6.1)
−3.3 (26.1)
1.1 (34.0)
7.0 (44.6)
3.0 (37.4)
−1.7 (28.9)
−7.0 (19.4)
−14.0 (6.8)
−27.0 (−16.6)
−30.0 (−22.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
59.8 (2.35)
46.7 (1.84)
54.4 (2.14)
65.2 (2.57)
73.9 (2.91)
71.0 (2.80)
75.8 (2.98)
78.3 (3.08)
73.5 (2.89)
70.0 (2.76)
79.3 (3.12)
58.8 (2.31)
806.7 (31.76)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
31.5 (1.24)
30.7 (1.21)
37.2 (1.46)
63.1 (2.48)
73.9 (2.91)
71.0 (2.80)
75.8 (2.98)
78.3 (3.08)
73.5 (2.89)
70.0 (2.76)
76.8 (3.02)
43.9 (1.73)
725.6 (28.57)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
28.3 (11.1)
16.1 (6.3)
17.2 (6.8)
2.1 (0.8)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
2.5 (1.0)
14.9 (5.9)
81.0 (31.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)
9.6
7.2
9.0
11.1
10.4
10.3
8.8
9.8
10.2
10.4
11.1
9.7
117.6
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)
4.4
3.8
6.4
10.6
10.4
10.3
8.8
9.8
10.2
10.4
10.6
6.8
102.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)
5.6
3.7
3.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.4
17.6
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [ 12]
GEORGETOWN WWTP
Climate chart (explanation )
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mmSource: [ 13]
Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
BURLINGTON TS
Climate chart (explanation )
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mmSource: [ 14]
Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
OAKVILLE SE WPCP
Climate chart (explanation )
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mmSource: [ 15]
Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Demographics
As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Regional Municipality of Halton had a population of 596,637 living in 208,601 of its 214,322 total private dwellings, a change of 8.8% from its 2016 population of 548,435 . With a land area of 965.71 km2 (372.86 sq mi), it had a population density of 617.8/km2 (1,600.2/sq mi) in 2021. The unemployment rate was 5.3% during the year. The average household income was very high, at $121,000.[ 2]
Canada census – Regional Municipality of Halton community profile
Population 596,637 (+8.8% from 2016) 548,435 (+9.3% from 2011) 501,669 (14.2% from 2006)
Land area 965.71 km2 (372.86 sq mi) 964.05 km2 (372.22 sq mi) 964.01 km2 (372.21 sq mi)
Population density 617.8/km2 (1,600/sq mi) 568.9/km2 (1,473/sq mi) 520.4/km2 (1,348/sq mi)
Median age 40.8 (M: 40.0, F: 42.0) 40.5 (M: 39.6, F: 41.3)
Private dwellings 214,322 (total) 208,601 (occupied) 192,980 (total) 182,304 (total)
Median household income $121,000 $103,009
Historical census populations – Regional Municipality of HaltonYear 1976 228,497 — 1981 253,883 +11.1% 1986 271,389 +6.9% 1991 313,136 +15.4% 1996 339,875 +8.5%
Year 2001 375,229 +10.4% 2006 439,256 +17.1% 2011 501,669 +14.2% 2016 548,435 +9.3% 2021 596,637 +8.8%
Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes. Source: Statistics Canada[ 2] [ 21] [ 22]
Panethnic groups in the Regional Municipality of Halton (2001−2021)
Panethnic group
2021[ 2]
2016[ 23]
2011[ 21]
2006[ 24]
2001[ 22]
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
European [ a]
374,375
63.48%
396,525
73.3%
401,580
81.06%
375,400
86.22%
338,060
90.78%
South Asian
81,245
13.78%
50,075
9.26%
31,860
6.43%
18,570
4.27%
10,115
2.72%
East Asian [ b]
39,330
6.67%
26,545
4.91%
16,295
3.29%
12,400
2.85%
7,430
2%
Middle Eastern [ c]
27,785
4.71%
16,695
3.09%
8,390
1.69%
5,010
1.15%
2,640
0.71%
Black
20,430
3.46%
15,230
2.82%
10,970
2.21%
8,100
1.86%
5,660
1.52%
Southeast Asian [ d]
17,295
2.93%
14,040
2.6%
10,855
2.19%
6,300
1.45%
3,145
0.84%
Latin American
11,495
1.95%
8,945
1.65%
6,315
1.27%
3,760
0.86%
1,550
0.42%
Indigenous
5,890
1%
5,455
1.01%
4,010
0.81%
2,640
0.61%
1,800
0.48%
Other[ e]
11,940
2.02%
7,470
1.38%
5,175
1.04%
3,210
0.74%
2,010
0.54%
Total responses
589,770
98.85%
540,975
98.64%
495,440
98.76%
435,400
99.12%
372,410
99.25%
Total population
596,637
100%
548,435
100%
501,674
100%
439,256
100%
375,229
100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses
Economy
Labour force
Employment activity
2011
2006
2001
1996
Participation rate
71.9%
72.1%
76.8%
Employment rate
68.5%
69.3%
72.8%
Unemployment rate
4.7%
4.0%
5.1%
Employment by industry
2011
2006
2001
1996
Agriculture and resources
4,180
3,935
2,870
Construction
12,060
41,540
8,085
Manufacturing
31,635
33,235
Wholesale trade
18,915
38,440
14,760
Retail trade
27,245
22,175
Financial and real estate
23,030
19,550
16,150
Health care and social services
19,535
29,935
15,870
Educational services
17,060
13,250
Business services
53,975
45,120
31,045
Other services
39,565
32,935
31,490
Total
247,200
211,455
188,930
Agriculture
Trend per Census of Agriculture
Type
2011
2006
2001
Halton Hills
Milton
Burlington
Oakville
Total
% change
Halton Hills
Milton
Burlington
Oakville
Total[ 25]
% change
Total
Number of farms
169
209
70
21
469
15.6%
206
260
79
21
566
8.5%
619
Total area of farms (in hectares)
15,436
11,289
3,259
2,216
32,200
10.5%
16,747
12,592
4,306
2,331
35,976
10.0%
39,966
Area of land in crops
12,507
8,288
2,106
2,057
24,958
8.6%
13,353
8,741
3,084
2,133
27,311
10.4%
30,469
Gross farm receipts ($ millions)
39.99
57.36
23.24
3.35
123.94
6.1%
57.75
40.52
30.61
3.16
132.04
6.7%
141.47
Total cattle and calves
2,672
1,854
x
x
4,907
52.0%
3,571
2,725
3,919
0
10,215
11.8%
11,581
Total pigs
x
x
x
x
x
N/A
x
x
x
x
3,508
43.9%
6,254
x = suppressed for reasons of confidentiality
Halton's agricultural sector is supported by regional infrastructure such as the Port of Hamilton which is a growing agri-food hub for the import of agricultural inputs and the export of local crops.
2018 economic report
The 2018 budget document contains additional specifics and updates as to the Region's finances. In that year, gross revenues were $1.2 billion while operating expenses totaled $821.5 million for a net revenue of $350.2 million, an increase of 1.2% over the previous year. The increase was mostly due to increases in grants and taxes. The Region included over 13,200 companies and employed over 229,000 persons. The credit rating of AAA was confirmed by S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investors Service.[ 26]
See also
Notes
^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e. " and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
^ Long term records have been recorded at various climate stations in or nearby Burlington since 1866
References
^ "Regional Municipality of Halton" . Geographical Names Data Base . Natural Resources Canada .
^ a b c d e "Halton, Regional municipality (RM) Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved 13 November 2024 .
^ Halton Region Ranked Safest Place to Live in GTA, Top 5 in Canada
^ Regional Municipality of Halton Act, 1973 , S.O. 1973, c. 70
^ Municipal Act, 2001 , S.O. 2001, c. 25
^ "Halton. Regional Municipality of Halton - Halton Regional Centre" . Health Line. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2019 .
^ "Annual Fincncial Report 2018" . Halton Region. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019 .
^ "Plant Hardiness Zones of Canada" . Archived from the original on 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2009-07-17 .
^ "Burlington TS" . Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 . Environment and Climate Change Canada . Retrieved 2021-10-22 .
^
"Long Term Climate Extremes for Burlington Area (Virtual Station ID: VSON95V)" . Daily climate records (LTCE) . Environment and Climate Change Canada. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021 .
^ "Georgetown WWTP" . Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 . Environment and Climate Change Canada . Retrieved 2021-10-19 .
^ "Oakville Southeast WPCP" . Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 . Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2013-10-12 .
^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000" . Environment Canada . Retrieved February 15, 2012 .
^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000" . Environment Canada . Retrieved February 15, 2012 .
^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000" . Environment Canada . Retrieved February 15, 2012 .
^ "2021 Community Profiles" . 2021 Canadian census . Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-27 .
^ "2016 Community Profiles" . 2016 Canadian census . Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2020-11-05 .
^ "2011 Community Profiles" . 2011 Canadian census . Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2012-02-08 .
^ "2006 Community Profiles" . 2006 Canadian census . Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
^ "2001 Community Profiles" . 2001 Canadian census . Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Retrieved 2023-02-25 .
^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Retrieved 2023-02-25 .
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Retrieved 2023-02-25 .
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Retrieved 2023-02-25 .
^ "2006 Agricultural community profile" . Retrieved 2012-02-15 .[permanent dead link ]
^ "Annual Financial Report 2018" . Halton Region. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019 .
External links
Places adjacent to Regional Municipality of Halton
Regions Cities Towns Townships Municipalities