Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance

The Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance (RDI) was a short-lived political movement promoting the cause of Quebec independence. It was started in February 1985 by disgruntled former members of the Parti Québécois (PQ) who objected to the party's decision the previous month to de-emphasize its support for Quebec sovereignty.

Formation

The RDI was initially an informal alliance of Quebec sovereigntists. Former PQ cabinet minister Camille Laurin was chosen as its first president on an interim basis, while other important members and supporters included Gilbert Paquette and Jacques Parizeau. Some RDI members wanted the movement to become a full-fledged political party, while others, including Parizeau, regarded it as simply a temporary organization for supporters of Quebec independence. Those in the latter camp expected that the PQ would be defeated in the 1985 provincial election and expressed hope that the party could later be returned to a sovereigntist focus.[1]

The RDI held its official founding convention at the end of March 1985 and chose former PQ cabinet minister Denise Leblanc-Bantey as its full-time president. The convention did not decide whether or not the RDI would field candidates in the 1985 election, and Parizeau openly argued against this possibility.[2] Leblanc-Bantey announced in May 1985 that the RDI would not field candidates, noting that some of its members had still not severed their ties to the PQ.[3]

Five independent members of the Quebec National Assembly (MNAs) affiliated with the RDI in 1985, although they were not recognized as an official party caucus.[4] The RDI did not support a candidate in the 1985 Parti Québécois leadership election that followed René Lévesque's resignation, although Jean Garon sought to bring RDI members into his leadership campaign.[5]

Decline

The PQ was defeated by the Quebec Liberal Party in the 1985 election. Parizeau argued the following year that the RDI should not become a full-fledged political party, as he anticipated the PQ could become an openly separatist entity again.[6]

Notwithstanding Parizeau's comments, two hundred delegates to a June 1986 RDI convention in Montreal voted almost unanimously to turn the movement into a party. New president Lyne Marcoux said that the RDI would no longer "play a phantom role in politics" and would hold negotiations with other sovereigntist organizations. A leadership convention was tentatively scheduled for the spring of 1987. Bernard Landry attended the conference as an observer, but later said that he would remain a member of the PQ rather than joining the RDI.[7]

In the event, the RDI never fielded a candidate in an election. Pierre-Marc Johnson resigned as PQ leader in 1987, and Parizeau was chosen as his successor. The PQ subsequently re-confirmed its support for Quebec sovereignty, and most RDI members returned to the fold.[8] The RDI was largely dormant by this time, and by 1988 it was described by the Montreal Gazette as defunct.[9]

References

  1. ^ "It's back to Square One for Quebec independence backers," Montreal Gazette, 23 March 1985, p. 5.
  2. ^ "Splinter parties could diffuse vote," Financial Post, 27 April 1985, p. 11.
  3. ^ "Quebec movement using caution," Globe and Mail, 7 May 1985, p. 4.
  4. ^ "Independents will block constitutional demands," Montreal Gazette, 22 May 1985, p. 4.
  5. ^ "Johnson hasn't won PQ leadership race yet: Garon," Montreal Gazette, 23 August 1985, p. 5.
  6. ^ "Parizeau biding his time for possible comeback," Ottawa Citizen, 21 March 1986, p. 9.
  7. ^ "Separatist organization votes to become new political party," Montreal Gazette, 16 June 1986, p. 4.
  8. ^ "Parizeau touted as obvious successor," Montreal Gazette, 11 November 1987, p. 1.
  9. ^ "Parizeau policy causes another PQ resignation," Montreal Gazette, 21 March 1988, p. 1.

Read other articles:

Kidnapping of Naama Levy

Israeli hostage taken by Hamas in 2023 Naama Levyנעמה לויScreenshot of video showing Naama's abduction, in bloodied sweatpantsNationalityIsraeliKnown forAbduction during the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel On 7 October 2023, 19-year-old Israeli woman Naama Levy (Hebrew: נעמה לוי) was abducted by Palestinian militants during the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel. In one of the first videos released of the massacre, she was seen being dragged into a jeep at gunpoint, her hands bound an...

 

Arthur B. Langlie

12th and 14th governor of Washington Arthur Langlie12th and 14th Governor of WashingtonIn officeJanuary 12, 1949 – January 16, 1957LieutenantVictor Aloysius MeyersEmmett T. AndersonPreceded byMonrad WallgrenSucceeded byAlbert RoselliniIn officeJanuary 15, 1941 – January 10, 1945LieutenantVictor Aloysius MeyersPreceded byClarence D. MartinSucceeded byMonrad WallgrenChair of the National Governors AssociationIn officeAugust 9, 1955 – June 24, 1956Preceded byRobe...

 

Lockheed L-12 Electra Junior

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Electra. Lockheed L-12 Electra Junior Le Lockheed L-12 Electra F-AZLL appartenant à Bernard Chabbert a été utilisé par l'US Navy comme R3O-2. Rôle Transport léger Constructeur Lockheed Équipage 2 Premier vol 27 juin 1936 Mise en service 1937 Production 130 Dimensions Longueur 11,1 m Envergure 15,1 m Hauteur 2,9 m Aire alaire 32,8 m2 Masse et capacité d'emport Max. à vide 2,615 t Max. au décollage 3,924 t Kérosène 775...

Frank Costello

Frank Costello Frank Costello, pseudonimo di Francesco Castiglia (Cassano allo Ionio, 26 gennaio 1891 – New York, 18 febbraio 1973), è stato un mafioso italiano naturalizzato statunitense legato a Cosa nostra statunitense, soprannominato «primo ministro della malavita» dalla stampa statunitense[1]. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Boss della famiglia Genovese 3 Note 4 Altri progetti 5 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Da bambino, Costello emigrò negli Stati Uniti d'America con la madre e la so...

 

Конические координаты

Координатные поверхности конических координат. Постоянные b и c равны 1 и 2 соответственно. Красная сфера соответствует r = 2, синий эллиптический конус вокруг оси z соответствует μ=cosh(1), жёлтый эллиптический конус вокруг оси x соответствует ν2 = 2/3. Три поверхности пересекают�...

 

Němčičky (district de Znojmo)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Němčičky. Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité tchèque. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Němčičky Centre de Němčičky.   Administration Pays Tchéquie Région Moravie-du-Sud District Znojmo Région historique Moravie Maire Jaromír Fousek Code postal 671 53 Démographie Population 84 hab. (2020) Densité 17 hab./km2 Géogra...

Solar power in Alaska

Overview of solar power in the U.S. state of Alaska Solar panels in Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge Solar power in Alaska has been primarily used in remote locations,[1] such as the Nenana Teen Center[2] near Fairbanks, where long summer days provide most of the electricity generated.[3][4] In 2015, Alaska ranked 45th in installed solar among U.S. states.[5] Rooftop solar panels could provide 23% of all electricity used in Alaska.[6] Net meterin...

 

Mont-Sainte-Anne

Saint Anne's Mountain redirects here. For the mountain in Poland, see Góra Świętej Anny. For the battle, see Battle of Annaberg. Mont-Sainte-AnneMont-Sainte-AnneLocation in QuebecLocationBeaupré, Quebec, CanadaNearest major cityQuebec City: 40 km (25 mi)Coordinates47°04′26″N 70°54′29″W / 47.074°N 70.908°W / 47.074; -70.908StatusOperatingOwnerResorts of the Canadian RockiesVertical625 m (2,051 ft)Top elevation800 m (2,625 ft...

 

Франц (герцог Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский)

Франц Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдскийнем. Franz von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld герцог Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский 8 сентября 1800 — 9 декабря 1806 Предшественник Эрнст Фридрих Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский Преемник Эрнст I Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский Рождение 15 июля 1750(1750-07-15)Кобург, Сакс...

الاحتباس الحراري

هذا المقال عن تغير المناخ في العصر الحديث. إذا كنت تبحث عن تاريخ تغير المناخ انظر (تغير المناخ) الاحترار العالميمتوسط درجات حرارة الهواء على سطح الارض بين أعوام 2011–2021 مقارنة بالفترة بين 1956–1976معلومات عامةصنف فرعي من عامل خارجيتغير المناخ العالمي الأسباب انبعاثات غازات دف�...

 

Carlyle Cup

Carlyle Cup Duke Blue Devils North Carolina Tar Heels First meeting2000Latest meeting2011TrophyCarlyle CupStatisticsMeetings total11 The Carlyle Cup Originated 2000 Discontinued 2011 Trophy Series North Carolina leads 7–3–1 Last Holder North Carolina Duke (3)2000–01 2002–032003–04 North Carolina (7)2001–02 2004–052005–06 2007–082008–09 2009–102010–11 Ties (1)2006–07 The Carlyle Cup was a trophy contested annually by the Duke Blue Devils and the North Carolina Tar Hee...

 

Mount San Antonio

Highest peak of the San Gabriel Mountains in California, United States Mount San AntonioSouth face of Mt. San Antonio, seen above Upland, CaliforniaHighest pointElevation10,064 ft (3,068 m)The National Map of the United States[1]Prominence6,224 ft (1,897 m) ↓ Cajon Pass[2]Isolation42.52 mi (68.43 km) → San Bernardino PeakListingUS most prominent peaks 52ndCalifornia county high points 14thThree SaintsHundred Peaks Section[3]Coordi...

François Hollande

President of France from 2012 to 2017 Hollande redirects here. For other uses, see Holland (disambiguation). This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: little information is included pertaining to his activities after he left the presidency in 2017. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2023) The HonorableFrançois HollandeHollande in 201724th President of FranceIn office15 May 2012 – 14 May 2017Prime Minister...

 

FireShot

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Berkas:FireShot-lite-version.pngPengaya/ add ons software FireShot (tanda lingkaran) di Mozilla Firefox. FireShot adalah sebuah perangkat lunak add-on yang berguna untuk mengambil screenshot sebuah website secara keseluruhan atau penuh tanpa menggunaka...

 

مقاطعة أوغل (إلينوي)

مقاطعة أوغل     الإحداثيات 42°02′N 89°19′W / 42.04°N 89.32°W / 42.04; -89.32   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 16 يناير 1836  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى إلينوي  العاصمة أوريغن  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 1977 كيلومتر مربع  عدد السكان  عدد ا�...

SSM-N-8 Regulus

Type of cruise missile This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) SSM-N-8 Regulus SSM-N-8 Regulus I display at Intrepid Sea, Air & Space MuseumTypeCruise missilePlace of originUnited StatesService historyIn service1955-64Used byUnited States NavyProduction historyManufacturer...

 

Turing test

Test of a machine's ability to imitate human intelligence Imitation game redirects here. For the film, see The Imitation Game. For other uses, see Turing test (disambiguation). Part of a series onArtificial intelligence Major goals Artificial general intelligence Intelligent agent Recursive self-improvement Planning Computer vision General game playing Knowledge reasoning Natural language processing Robotics AI safety Approaches Machine learning Symbolic Deep learning Bayesian networks Evolut...

 

اضمحلال بيتا

جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولفيزياء نووية نشاط إشعاعي انشطار نووي اندماج نووي اضمحلال تقليدي تحلل ألفا تحلل بيتا أشعة غاما اضمحلال متطور اضمحلال بيتا المضاعف التقاط إلكترون مضاعف تحول داخلي متماكب نووي اضمحلال عنقودي انشطار تلقائي عمليات الانبعاث انبعاث النيترونات تفكك بوزيت...

Goodwill Zwelithini

King of the Zulu nation from 1968 to 2021 This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzuluISilo Samabandla OnkeZwelithini in 2011King of the ZulusReign17 September 1968 – 12 March 2021Coronation3 December 1971PredecessorCyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomonSuccessorMisuzulu ZuluBor...

 

بني بوعياش

بني بوعياش / آيث بوعياش بني بوعياش[1](بالفرنسية: Bni Bouayach)‏[1]    تقسيم إداري البلد  المغرب[2] جهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة المسؤولون الإقليم إقليم الحسيمة رئيس المجلس البلدي سعيد أكروح (ح.أ.م)[3] خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 35°06′12″N 3°50′18″W / 35.103333333333°N 3.8383333...