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The Randecker Maar Research Station (German: Forschungsstation Randecker Maar e.V.) is a bird observatory which was founded in 1969 by the ornithologist Wulf Gatter [de]. It studies birds, insects and other migratory creatures which tend to concentrate in the pass through the crater of the Randecker Maar as they fly over the Swabian Jura.

The research station is located at an elevation of 773 meters above sea level on the northern precipice of the Swabian Jura of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Insects and birds cross this mountain range on their southward autumn migration in great numbers. At the site of an extinct volcano, the Randecker Maar, migration of insects and birds is concentrated both horizontally and vertically. This funnel effect is due to the erosion that has cut open the volcanic crater on its northern edge. Both insects and birds prefer this gap to cross the elevated ground.^[1]

History

The Randecker Maar has been a site for animal migrations since at least the Neolithic. In the crater of the volcano and along the creek flowing out of it, remnants of camps of hunters and gatherers were found, who are believed to have hunted migrating animals here.^[1]

Research

The observatory conducts research on bird migration routes and migration strategies of birds between Europe and West Africa at the Randecker Maar, related management of agricultural lands and forests in Europe, and as the changes in the habitat in the African wintering areas of European migrant birds.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Besides birds, flying insects also cross the Swabian Jura mountain range on their southward autumn migrations. At the Randecker Maar Observatory data are collected on migrating moths and on moths in nearby protected zones.^[6]

In 2020, data on insect migration at the Randecker Maar showed a decrease in migration at the location for insect groups such as hoverflies (Syrphidae), parasitic Ichneumon wasps (Ichneumonidae), and soldier-flies (Stratiomyidae) in 2015-2019 compared to data in 1985-1987 and 1978–1982.For hoverflies with aphidophagous larval development and migrating in July to August had steeper declines since the 1970s than hoverflies that migrate later in the year with a mainly aquatic saprophagic larval development.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b "Vogelzug am Randecker Maar – Forschungsstation Randecker Maar e.V." (in German). Retrieved 7 December 2020.
^ "Wulf Gatter: Vogelzug und Vogelbestände in Mitteleuropa. 30 Jahre Beobachtung des Tagzugs am Randecker Maar (Bird migration and Bird Populations in Central Europe)."Aula Verlag Wiebelsheim, 2000, 656 pp.
^ "Wulf Gatter & Hermann Mattes: Vögel und Forstwirtschaft – Eine Dokumentation der Waldvogelwelt im Südwesten Deutschlands." Naturschutz-Spektrum-Themen 2018, vol.101. Verlag Regionalkultur, Heidelberg, 343 pp.
^ "Wulf Gatter: Zugverhalten und Überwinterung von paläarktischen Vögeln in Liberia (Westafrika) (Teil 1). Migration behaviour and wintering of Palaearctic birds in Liberia (West Africa) (Part 1)."Verh. Ornithol. Ges. Bayern 1987/24: 479-508.
^ "Wulf Gatter: Vogelzug in Westafrika; Beobachtungen und Hypothesen zu Zugstrategien und Wanderrouten. Vogelzug in Liberia, Teil II. Bird migration in Westafrica: Observations and hypotheses on migration strategies and migration routes Bird migration in Liberia, Part II."Vogelwarte 1987/34: 80-92.
^ "Dorothea Gatter: Beitrag zur Fauna nachtaktiver Schmetterlinge (Insecta: Lepidoptera) der Schopflocher Alb (Bombyces, Sphinges, Noctuidae). Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Wanderproblemen und der Naturschutzgebiete Schopflocher Moor und Randecker Maar."Jh. Ges. Naturkde. Württ. 1979/134: 196-241.
^ Gatter, Wulf; et al. "50-jährige Untersuchungen an migrierenden Schwebfliegen, Waffenfliegen und Schlupfwespen belegen extreme Rückgänge (Diptera: Syrphidae, Stratiomyidae; Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)" (PDF). Entomologische Zeitschrift. 130. Retrieved 6 December 2020.