Ramesses III prisoner tiles

Tiles in the Egyptian Museum catalogued in 1911[1]
Tiles catalogued in 1908 by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.[2]

The Ramesses III prisoner tiles are a collection of Egyptian faience depicting prisoners of war, found in Ramesses III's palaces at Medinet Habu (adjacent to the Mortuary Temple at Medinet Habu) and Tell el-Yahudiyeh.[3] Large numbers of faience tiles have been found in these areas by sebakh-diggers since 1903;[4] the best known are those depicting foreign people or prisoners.[5] Many were found in excavated rubbish heaps.[4]

They are considered of significant historical and ethnographical interest, given the representation of neighbouring populations during the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (1189 BC–1077 BC).[6]

Most are in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, as well as the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.[4]

Description

Location and size

Doorway at Medinet Habu showing the original location of the tiles at the bottom of either side.

Tiles were found in 1870 at Tell el-Yahoudieh and in 1903 in Medinet Habu. Those of Tell el-Yahoudieh are larger, with a width of circa 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in), whilst those are Medinet Habu fall into two groups 30 by 7 centimetres (11.8 in × 2.8 in) and 25 by 6.5 centimetres (9.8 in × 2.6 in). All the tiles are rectangular, with a base thickness of 1.0–1.2 centimetres (0.39–0.47 in), and together with the relief sculpture of the people, the total thickness is 1.8–2.0 centimetres (0.71–0.79 in).[7]

The Medinet Habu prisoner tiles were originally located in three rectangular cells on either side of the palace doorways, each of 30.5 centimetres (12.0 in) in height and 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in width.[8]

In all the tiles, the prisoners are shown standing up. In some tiles, the soles of the prisoners' feet rest on the ground; in others they may be interpreted as running or hanging. The prisoners' arms are often tied, and in other tiles a white and black rope with acorns at the ends is shown around the neck.[9]

Identification and provenance

In his 1911 paper on the tiles, French Egyptologist Georges Daressy, of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, noted that the tiles have no inscriptions, so identification of the peoples shown required a comparison of the drawings with previously known temple bas-reliefs or tomb paintings, giving some uncertainty:

Unfortunately, there is no inscription on these tiles fixing the name of the peoples represented; we are forced to compare with the bas-reliefs of the temples or the paintings of the tombs to find a similar type and we are sometimes perplexed.[10]

Formal excavation work at Medinet Habu by the Egyptian Antiquities Service (EAS) ended in 1899, but work continued by local fellahin sebakh-diggers (sebakh is the nitrogen-rich remains of ancient mud brick, dug up to be used as fertilizer).[11] In 1903, the fellahin discovered remains of overturned doorways, still partly covered with their original decoration in enamelled tiles. Some pieces disappeared, but most were collected by the "ghafirs" and sent by Howard Carter, then Chief Inspector of the EAS in Upper Egypt, to the Cairo Museum, together with four of the pillars and an overdoor to which they had belonged.[12] The Egyptian Museum tablets are numbered JE 36261 a-b, 36271, 36399, 36440 a-c, 36441 a-c, 36457 a-k, as well as one prior to the 1903 accessions numbered JE 27525.[13]

The Boston Museum of Fine Arts noted in 1908 that the tiles' "provenance is a matter of question".[14] They were purchased in 1903 on behalf of the museum by Albert Lythgoe from Luxor-based antiquities dealer Mohamed Mohassib; the purchase was made as part of a group (03.1566-03.1577; 03.1578a-i).[14][15]

Bibliography

General sources

  • Florence Dunn Friedman; Cleveland Museum of Art; Rhode Island School of Design, Museum of Art; Kimbell Art Museum (1 February 1998). Gifts of the Nile: ancient Egyptian faience. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500237540.

Medinet Habu tiles

Tell el-Yahoudieh tiles

References

  1. ^ Daressy 1911.
  2. ^ LER 1908.
  3. ^ Hölscher 1941, pp. 42–44.
  4. ^ a b c Hölscher 1941, p. 42.
  5. ^ Hölscher 1941, p. 40.
  6. ^ Daressy 1911, p. 51a: In the original French: "Ce sont ces représentations de prisonniers qui olfrent le plus grand intérêt au point de vue historique et ethnographique, en nous montrant les types des populations étrangères voisines de l'Egypte au xii^ sièle avant notre ère."
  7. ^ Daressy 1911, p. 51b: "In the original French: "Ces plaquettes sont analogues à celles trouvées en 1870 à Tell el-Yahoudieh mais un peu moins grandes, car les premières ont 0 m 105 mill de largeur tandis que celles de Médinet-Habou peuvent se classer en deux séries, les plus grandes ayant 0 m. 30 c. sur 0 m. 07 c. et les autres environ 0 m. 25 cent, sur 0 m. 065 mill. La fabrication de toutes est la même. Sur un fond rectangulaire de 0 m. 01 cent, ou 0 m. 012 mill d'épaisseur s'enlève en relief le personnage, si bien que l'épaisseur totale est 0 m. 018 mill. ou 0 m. 02 cent."
  8. ^ Daressy 1911, p. 51c: In the original French: "Enfin, à la partie inférieure trois alvéoles rectangulaires de 0 m. 305 mill. de hauteur et 0 m. 08 cent, de largeur étaient garnis de plaquettes représentant des prisonniers étrangers. Sous la porte la décoration du pilier, épais de 0 m. 29 cent, rappelait celle de la façade, mais avec suppression de l'image du roi. On avait donc en haut des rainures encadrant la légende de Ramsès III, puis une plaque large de 0 m. 18 cent, avec des oiseaux rekhitou, et dans le bas deux prisonniers sur des plaquettes larges seulement de 0 m. 065 mill."
  9. ^ Daressy 1911, p. 51d: In the original French: "Tous ces étrangers sont debout; tantôt la plante des pieds pose à terre, tantôt la pointe seule touche le sol comme s'ils couraient ou étaient suspendus. Les bras sont liés dans les positions les plus étranges et souvent au cou est passé une corde émaiilée blanc et noir terminée par des glands."
  10. ^ Daressy 1911, p. 52: In the original French: "Il n'y a malheureusement sur ces plaques aucune inscription nous fixant sur le nom du peuple représenté; on est donc forcé de comparer avec les bas-reliefs des temples ou les peintures des tombeaux pour retrouver le type figuré et l'on est parfois embarrassé pour l'assimilation."
  11. ^ Teeter, Emily; Hölscher, Uvo; Anthes, Rudolf (2010). Baked Clay Figurines and Votive Beds from Medinet Habu. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 978-1-885923-58-5.
  12. ^ Daressy 1911, pp. 51–52: In the original French: "L'encadrement du balcon du côté de la cour avait été orné de plaquettes d'émail incrusté dont plusieurs fragments avaient été recueillis pendant le déblaiement, ce qui m'avait fait penser qu'une ornementation semblable pouvait avoir été employée dans l'édifice annexe; ce temple étant de Ramsès III, tout comme l'édifice d'où proviennent les émaux de Tell el-Yahoudieh, il y avait des probabilités pour qu'on ait eu recours au même mode de décoration. Mais le déblaiement de l'intérieur du temple et de son extérieur immédiat étant terminé, les travaux directs du Service des Antiquités furent arrêtés en 1899, et on laissa aux cultivateurs des environs le soin de dégager, par l'enlèvement du sébakh sous la surveillance de nos gardiens, tout le reste de l'aire comprise dans le grand mur d'enceinte. C'est en 1903 que des fellahs mirent au jour dans la partie correspondant à l'édifice annexe, des restes de portes renversées, encore munies en partie de leur décoration primitive en plaques émaillées. Quelques morceaux disparurent [Note: Plusieurs de ces tablettes sont au Musée des Beaux -Arts de Boston et ont élé publiés dans son Bulletin, vol. VI, n° 36 (décembre 1908)] mais la majeure partie fut recueillie par les ghafirs et envoyée par M. Howard Carter, alors inspecteur en chef des antiquités de la Haute-Egypte, au Musée du Caire, ainsi que quatre des piliers et un dessus de porte auxquels ils avaient appartenu."
  13. ^ Daressy 1911, pp. 53–63.
  14. ^ a b LER 1908, p. 47.
  15. ^ "Tile with Nubian chief". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. January 23, 2018.

Read other articles:

AIG beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat AIG (disambiguasi). American International Group, Inc.Kantor pusat AIG di New YorkJenisPublikKode emitenNYSE: AIGKomponen S&P 100Komponen S&P 500IndustriJasa keuanganDidirikan19 Desember 1919; 104 tahun lalu (1919-12-19)[1]Shanghai, ChinaPendiriCornelius Vander StarrKantorpusatNew York City, New York, Amerika SerikatWilayah operasiSeluruh duniaTokohkunciBrian Duperreault(Chairman Eksekutif)Peter Zaffino(Presiden dan C...

 

 

2011 film by Raja Gosnell This article is about the 2011 film. For other Smurfs films, see The Smurfs in film. The SmurfsTheatrical release posterDirected byRaja GosnellScreenplay by J. David Stem David N. Weiss Jay Scherick David Ronn Story by J. David Stem David N. Weiss Based onThe Smurfsby PeyoProduced byJordan KernerStarring Neil Patrick Harris Jayma Mays Sofia Vergara Hank Azaria CinematographyPhil MéheuxEdited bySabrina PliscoMusic byHeitor PereiraProductioncompanies Columbia Pictures...

 

 

Cinema of Malaysia List of Malaysian filmsList of Malaysian cinemasList of Malaysian animated films pre-1960 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 vte This is a list of films produced in Malaysia ordered by year of release in the 2000s. For an alphabetical listing of Malaysian films see Category:Malaysian films. 2000 List of Malaysian films...

Ryan RossRyan Ross saat tampil bersama Panic! at the Disco di Honda Civic Tour di Houston pada tahun 2008.LahirGeorge Ryan Ross III30 Agustus 1986 (umur 37)Las Vegas, Nevada, Amerika SerikatPendidikan Bishop Gorman High School Universitas Nevada, Las Vegas Pekerjaan Penyanyi penulis lagu musisi Tahun aktif2004–2010; 2013–kiniKarier musikGenre Baroque pop pop rock rock psikedelik rock alternatif pop punk garage rock InstrumenVokal, gitarArtis terkait The Young Veins Panic! at th...

 

 

Poster distributed to let the public know of an alleged criminal whom authorities wish to apprehend Wanted man redirects here. For other uses, see Wanted Man (disambiguation). Dead or alive redirects here. For other uses, see Dead or Alive. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Wanted poster – news · newspapers ...

 

 

Town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland Human settlement in Northern IrelandPortadownIrish: Port an DúnáinScots: Portadoun[1] or Portadoon[2]St Mark's Church of Ireland in central PortadownLocation within Northern IrelandPopulation32,926 (2021 estimate)Irish grid referenceJ008537• Belfast24 mi (39 km)• Dublin74 mi (119 km)DistrictArmagh City, Banbridge and CraigavonCountyCounty ArmaghCountryNorthern IrelandSovereign state...

South Africa in Australia in 2005–06    South Africa AustraliaDates 5 December 2005 – 14 February 2006Captains Graeme Smith Ricky PontingTest seriesResult Australia won the 3-match series 2–0Most runs Herschelle Gibbs (251) Ricky Ponting (515)Most wickets André Nel (14) Shane Warne (14)Player of the series Ricky PontingTwenty20 International seriesResults Australia won the 1-match series 1–0Most runs Mark Boucher (29) Damien Martyn (96)Most wickets Shaun Pollock, Mond...

 

 

Spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus NGC 874DECam image of NGC 874Observation data (J2000 epoch)ConstellationCetusRight ascension02h 16m 02.06183s[1]Declination−23° 18′ 21.7259″[1]Heliocentric radial velocity12060[2] km/sDistance571.5 ± 40.1 Mly (175.22 ± 12.28 Mpc)[3]CharacteristicsTypeSab? pec[4]Other designationsESO 478-18, GSC 06433-01732, PGC 8663[5] NGC 874 is a spiral g...

 

 

Philippine Daily InquirerTipeSurat kabar harianFormatLembar lebarPemilikPhilippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.PendiriEugenia D. ApostolPenerbitRaul C. PangalananPresidenAlexandra Rufino Prieto-RomualdezRedaksiJose Ma. D. NolascoRedaksi beritaArtemio T. Engracia Jr.Redaksi opiniRosario R. GarcellanoRedaksi olahragaTeddyvic S. Melendres / Francis T.J. OchoaDidirikan9 Desember 1985Pandangan politikKiri tengahBahasaInggrisPusat1098 Chino Roces Ave. cor Yague and Mascardo Sts. 1204, Makati, Metro Manila,...

Sakura 佐倉市Kota Kompleks apartemen Yukarigaoka SMA SakuraAlun-alun Sakura Furusato Kastel Sakura Kediaman Hotta Museum Nasional Sejarah Jepang BenderaLambangLokasi Sakura di Prefektur ChibaSakura Koordinat: 35°43′N 140°13′E / 35.717°N 140.217°E / 35.717; 140.217Koordinat: 35°43′N 140°13′E / 35.717°N 140.217°E / 35.717; 140.217NegaraJepangRegionKantōPrefekturChibaPemerintahan • Wali kotaSango NishidaLuas...

 

 

American football player (born 1974) American football player Amani ToomerToomer in February 2005No. 89, 81Position:Wide receiverPersonal informationBorn: (1974-09-08) September 8, 1974 (age 49)Berkeley, California, U.S.Height:6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)Weight:203 lb (92 kg)Career informationHigh school:De La Salle (Concord, California)College:Michigan (1992–1995)NFL draft:1996 / Round: 2 / Pick: 34Career history New York Giants (1996–2008) Kansas ...

 

 

American college football season 2002 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns footballConferenceSun Belt ConferenceRecord3–9 (2–4 Sun Belt)Head coachRickey Bustle (1st season)Offensive coordinatorRob Christophel (1st season)Defensive coordinatorBrent Pry (1st season)Home stadiumCajun FieldSeasons← 20012003 → 2002 Sun Belt Conference football standings vte Conf Overall Team   W   L     W   L   North Texas $   6 –...

Propuesta de Constitución Política de la República de Chilede 2022 Versión oficial publicada por la Convención Constitucional el 4 de julio de 2022.Tipo de texto Constitución políticaIdioma EspañolRedactor(es) Convención Constitucional de ChileCreación 4 de julio de 2021-14 de mayo de 2022[1]​Aprobación 4 de julio de 2022[2]​Ratificación 4 de septiembre de 2022 (plebiscito)[3]​En vigor Rechazada[3]​Texto completo en Wikisource[editar datos en Wikidata&...

 

 

International cricket tour Pakistani cricket team in England in 1992    Pakistan EnglandDates 4 May – 28 August 1992Captains Javed Miandad Graham GoochTest seriesResult Pakistan won the 5-match series 2–1Most runs Saleem Malik (488) Alec Stewart (397)Most wickets Waqar Younis (22) Devon Malcolm (13)Player of the series Graham Gooch (Eng), Wasim Akram (Pak), Waqar Younis (Pak)One Day International seriesResults England won the 5-match series 4–1Most runs Aamir Sohail (192)...

 

 

Regional councilLakhish Regional Councilمجلس إقليمي لاخيش מועצה אזורית לכיש‎Regional council (from 1956)DistrictSouthernGovernment • Head of MunicipalityDanny MorviaArea • Total378,600 dunams (378.6 km2 or 146.2 sq mi)Population (2014) • Total10,200 • Density27/km2 (70/sq mi)WebsiteOfficial website Lakhish Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית לכיש, Mo'at...

British politician and trade unionist Cooper in 1895 Benjamin Cooper (1854 – January 1920) was a British politician and trade unionist. Cooper was born and grew up in Norwich, where he completed an apprenticeship in cigar-making. He subsequently moved to London, where he became active in the Cigar Makers' Mutual Association.[1] Cooper was soon elected as general secretary of his union. A supporter of the New Unionism, around the start of the 1890s, he helped found unions for workers...

 

 

Ini adalah nama Korea; marganya adalah Shin. CNUCNU pada konser WFMF pada bulan September 2016LahirShin Dong-woo16 Juni 1991 (umur 33)Seoul, Korea SelatanPekerjaan Penyanyi komposer pemeran model Karier musikGenre K-pop Instrumen Vokal rapper pianis Tahun aktif2011–sekarangLabel WM Entertainment Artis terkait B1A4 Situs webb1a4.com CNU di Twitter CNU di Instagram Nama KoreaHangul신동우 Hanja申東佑 Alih AksaraSin Dong-uMcCune–ReischauerSin Tong-u Shin Dong-woo (Hangul: ...

 

 

For the dance group, see Cut 'N' Move. 2006 studio album by Day of FireCut & MoveStudio album by Day of FireReleasedJune 6, 2006GenreAlternative rock, hard rock, post-grunge, Christian rockLength32:27LabelEssentialProducerPete ThorntonDay of Fire chronology Day of Fire(2004) Cut & Move(2006) Losing All(2010) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]Jesus Freak Hideout[2] Cut & Move is the second full-length studio album by hard rock band Day ...

Archives Archive 1Archive 2Archive 3Archive 4Archive 5Archive 6Archive 7Archive 8Archive 9Archive 10 Internet Archive Scholar vs. JSTOR Hello, I see on your user page that you use JSTOR and I'd like to know more about your experience. By my calculations, a good 70 % of the main JSTOR content is now available for everyone at Internet Archive Scholar, with full text search provided e.g. at https://scholar.archive.org/ . The service is still in beta, but I've used it for some source-finding an...

 

 

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori brasiliani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Leandro SalinoSalino all'Olympiacos nel 2015Nazionalità Brasile Altezza169 cm Peso69 kg Calcio RuoloDifensore Squadra Betim CarrieraGiovanili  Cruzeiro Squadre di club1 2004 América-MG? (?)2005→  Ipatinga? (?)2006 Nacional0 (0)2006→  Camacha2 (0)2006→  Ipating...