Róisín Dubh (song)

For the venue, see Róisín Dubh (music venue).

A Black Rose as Symbol of Ireland
"Róisín Dubh" translates to "Black/Dark Rose" - referring to Róisín's dark hair colour.[1]

"Róisín Dubh" (Irish: [ˈɾˠoːʃiːnʲ ˈd̪ˠʊw]; "Dark Rosaleen" or "Little Dark Rose") is one of Ireland's most famous political songs. It is based on an older love-lyric which referred to the poet's beloved rather than, as here, being a metaphor for Ireland. The intimate tone of the original carries over into the political song. It is often attributed to Antoine Ó Raifteiri, but almost certainly predates him.[2][3]

Background

The song is named after Róisín Dubh Ní Néill (Rose O'Neill), one of the daughters of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, who was betrothed (and later married) to Red Hugh O'Donnell in 1587, when they were both teenagers. O'Donnell divorced Róisín in 1595.[4] According to G. F. Dalton, Róisín's "misfortunes and her high birth attracted the attention of ballad-makers, who saw her as a type of Ireland."[1]

The song is reputed to have originated during the Nine Years' War in O'Donnell's camps.[3] Another source attributes it to a Tyrconnellian poet under the reign of Red Hugh.[5][6] According to music scholar Donal O'Sullivan, there is no evidence it was composed that early.[7]

Although Róisín Dubh is superficially a love song, it has been described as a patriotic poem that hides its nationalism via allegory. In a time when nationalistic expression was outlawed in Ireland, the poem was a way to covertly express nationalistic beliefs.[8][5]

The most popular iteration of Róisín Dubh was adapted by James Clarence Mangan from a fragmentation of an existing love song to Róisín.[1] It is traditionally sung in the Irish language, with only a few recordings of the English existing. It has been translated from the Irish language by Mangan and Patrick Pearse. The following translation is by Thomas Kinsella (The New Oxford Book of Irish Verse, 1986).

Irish[9] English

A Róisín ná bíodh brón ort fé'r éirigh dhuit:
Tá na bráithre 'teacht thar sáile 's iad ag triall ar muir,
Tiocfaidh do phárdún ón bPápa is ón Róimh anoir
'S ní spárálfar fíon Spáinneach ar mo Róisín Dubh.

Is fada an réim a léig mé léi ó inné 'dtí inniu,
Trasna sléibhte go ndeachas léi, fé sheolta ar muir;
An éirne is chaith mé 'léim í, cé gur mór é an sruth;
'S bhí ceol téad ar gach taobh díom is mo Róisín Dubh.

Mhairbh tú mé, a bhrídeach, is nárbh fhearrde dhuit,
Is go bhfuil m'anam istigh i ngean ort 's ní inné ná inniu;
D'fhág tú lag anbhfann mé i ngné is i gcruth-
Ná feall orm is mé i ngean ort, a Róisín Dubh.

Shiubhalfainn féin an drúcht leat is fásaigh ghuirt,
Mar shúil go bhfaighinn rún uait nó páirt dem thoil.
A chraoibhín chumhra, gheallais domhsa go raibh grá agat dom
-'S gurab í fíor-scoth na Mumhan í, mo Róisín Dubh.

Dá mbeadh seisreach agam threabhfainn in aghaidh na gcnoc,
is dhéanfainn soiscéal i lár an aifrinn do mo Róisín Dubh,
bhéarfainn póg don chailín óg a bhéarfadh a hóighe dhom,
is dhéanfainn cleas ar chúl an leasa le mo Róisín Dubh.

Beidh an Éirne 'na tuiltibh tréana is réabfar cnoic,
Beidh an fharraige 'na tonntaibh dearga is doirtfear fuil,
Beidh gach gleann sléibhe ar fud éireann is móinte ar crith,
Lá éigin sul a n-éagfaidh mo Róisín Dubh.

Roisin, have no sorrow for all that has happened to you
The Friars are out on the brine. They are travelling the sea
Your pardon from the Pope will come, from Rome in the East
And we won't spare the Spanish wine for my Roisin Dubh

Far have we journeyed together, since days gone by.
I've crossed over mountains with her, and sailed the sea
I have cleared the Erne, though in spate, at a single leap
And like music of the strings all about me, my Roisin Dubh

You have driven me mad, fickle girl- may it do you no good!
My soul is in thrall, not just yesterday nor today
You have left me weary and weak in body and mind
O deceive not the one who loves you, my Roisin Dubh

I would walk in the dew beside you, or the bitter desert
In hopes I might have your affection or part of your love
Fragrant small branch, you have given your word you love me
The choicest flower of Munster, my Roisin Dubh

If I had six horses, I would plough against the hill
I'd make Roisin Dubh my Gospel in the middle of Mass
I'd kiss the young girl who would grant me her maidenhead
And do deeds behind the lios with my Roisin Dubh!

The Erne will be strong in flood, the hills be torn
The ocean will be all red waves, the sky all blood,
Every mountain and bog in Ireland will shake
One day, before she shall perish, my Roisin Dubh.

Renditions

Róisín Dubh has been frequently performed and recorded, both in its own native Irish and translated into English. (However, quality of the translations vary greatly, from strict ones to those bearing no relationship to the original Irish.) It has been sung by numerous Irish traditional singers including the late Joe Heaney and Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill, as well as in genres ranging from classical to rock and jazz.

The instrumental range is as wide as the vocal, but the instruments best suited to render this air authentically are the native Irish uilleann pipes, flute, fiddle, and whistle, as these are capable of making the "caoine" ("cry"), the note-shaping and changing that is characteristic of the native Irish music. However, other versions using different instruments are also widely available.

Musicians/composers who have performed or recorded the song include these:

Instrumental

Others

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Dalton, G. F. (1974). "The Tradition of Blood Sacrifice to the Goddess Éire". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 63 (252): 348–349. ISSN 0039-3495. JSTOR 30088757.
  2. ^ Duanaire, 1600–1900: Poems of the Dispossessed; Thomas Kinsella (Editor), Seán Ó Tuama (Editor); ISBN 0851053645
  3. ^ a b Pearse, Pádraig. Róisín Dubh  – via Wikisource.
  4. ^ Morgan, Hiram (October 2009). "O'Donnell, 'Red' Hugh (Ó Domhnaill, Aodh Ruadh)". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.006343.v1. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b Mangan, James Clarence; Guiney, Louise Imogen (1897). James Clarence Mangan, his selected poems;. University of California Libraries. Boston, New York : Lamson, Wolffe & co.; London, John Lane. p. 115.
  6. ^ Mangan, James Clarence (1851). O'Daly, John (ed.). The poets and poetry of Munster: a selection of Irish songs by the poets of the last century. Boston College Libraries (3 ed.). Dublin: Edward Bull. pp. 210–217.
  7. ^ Ó Canainn (Traditional Slow Airs of Ireland), 1995; No. 45, p. 41. O'Sullivan/Bunting, 1983; No. 18, pp. 27-31.
  8. ^ Deffenbacher, Kristina (2014). "Revisioning of Cultural Memory and Identity through Dialogic Mythmaking in Roddy Doyle's The Last Roundup Trilogy". Nordic Irish Studies. 13 (1): 149–168. ISSN 1602-124X. JSTOR 24332398.
  9. ^ Ó hAodha, Séamus. Óir-Chiste Filíochta. (Comhlucht Oidechais na hÉireann, Teóranta: Baile Átha Cliath, 1922)
  10. ^ Shteamer, Hank (13 April 2019). "Flashback: Thin Lizzy Rock for Irish Pride on 'Roisin Dubh'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 25 June 2024.