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Qing Campaign in Fergana
Part of Kyrgyz-Qing War
Date 1759 Location Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan) Result Decisive Kyrgyz-Uzbek victory
Belligerents
Qing Dynasty	Kyrgyz tribes Uzbek tribes
Strength
9,000 troops	Unknown
Casualties and losses
7,000 killed	Unknown
A major defeat for Qing forces in their attempts to control Fergana[1]

The Qing Campaign in Fergana occurred in 1759 as part of the Qing Dynasty's efforts to consolidate control over Central Asia. The campaign ended in a major defeat for the Qing forces, inflicted by a coalition of Kyrgyz and Uzbek forces. Approximately 7,000 of the 9,000 Qing soldiers were reportedly killed in the engagement, making it one of the most significant military setbacks for the Qing in their expansion into the region.^[2]

The Qing Dynasty, under the leadership of Emperor Qianlong, embarked on an ambitious campaign to extend its influence over Central Asia. By the mid-18th century, the Qing had subdued the Dzungar Khanate, paving the way for further incursions into modern-day Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding areas.^[3][4] Fergana, a fertile and strategically crucial valley in Central Asia, became a focal point of Qing ambitions. The region was historically contested among various Turkic, Mongolic and Persianate states, with local powers resisting external domination.^[5]

In 1759, a Qing force of approximately 9,000 soldiers advanced into the Fergana Valley. However, the invading army encountered strong resistance from an alliance of Kyrgyz and Uzbek forces, who were defending their homeland from foreign occupation. According to historical accounts, the Kyrgyz-Uzbek coalition launched a decisive counterattack, inflicting severe losses on the Qing troops. Of the 9,000 Qing soldiers, around 7,000 were reportedly killed in the battle, leaving the remainder in retreat.^[6][7] This catastrophic defeat underscored the challenges faced by the Qing in exerting control over distant territories, particularly in regions with strong local resistance and difficult terrain.^[8][9]

Despite this setback, the Qing Dynasty continued its efforts to influence and control Central Asia. Subsequent campaigns saw varying levels of success, and the Qing eventually established a degree of suzerainty over parts of the region. However, local autonomy and resistance persisted, making full Qing control elusive.^[10][11] The battle is remembered as a testament to the resilience of Kyrgyz and Uzbek forces against one of the most powerful empires of the 18th century.^[12]

This event has been cited in Central Asian historical narratives as an example of successful resistance to foreign invasion. It also reflects the complex dynamics of power in the region during the Qing era, where local alliances often shaped the outcomes of military campaigns.^[13]