active form by normal metabolic processes.[citation needed] Some provitamins are: "Provitamin A" is a name for β-carotene, which has only about 1/6 the biological...

eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons. Dietary β-carotene is a provitamin compound, converting in the body to retinol (vitamin A). In foods, it...

is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is...

important targets for drug discovery. In human nutrition, ergosterol is a provitamin form of vitamin D2; exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes a chemical...

photochemically converted to vitamin D3 in the skin, therefore functioning as provitamin-D3. The presence of this compound in human skin enables humans to manufacture...

or polyphenols for red or blue cultivars. Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential...

increasingly deep orange due to its rich content of beta-carotene, a provitamin A compound. Although botanically a fruit (specifically, a berry), butternut...

than the carotenoids that act as provitamin A in the body. Also, a diet rich in vitamin A itself, but without A-provitamins or xanthophylls, can produce practically...

2018. Wang T, Bengtsson G, Kärnefelt I, Björn LO (September 2001). "Provitamins and vitamins D2 and D3 in Cladina spp. over a latitudinal gradient: possible...

Yellow-orange shades of paprika derive primarily from α-carotene and β-carotene (provitamin A compounds), zeaxanthin, lutein and β-cryptoxanthin; reds derive from...

capsaicin. They are also nutritious and they are especially rich in provitamin A, carotenoids and vitamin C. The word cayenne is thought to be a corruption...

biloba and the phytocannabinoids found in plants such as cannabis. The provitamin β-carotene (beta-carotene) is a terpene derivative called a carotenoid...

proportions of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin K, and vitamin B6; provitamins; dietary minerals; and carbohydrates. The consumption of crunchy and...

organic compounds that includes retinol, retinyl esters, and several provitamin (precursor) carotenoids, most notably β-carotene (beta-carotene). Vitamin...

part of the plant, being a significant source of B vitamins, vitamin C, provitamin A as beta-carotene, vitamin K, manganese, and protein. Some of the calcium...

properly prepared soon after picking they are a good source of vitamin C and provitamin A. The Denaʼina add fireweed to their dogs' food. Fireweed is also a medicine...

called cos), vitamin A contents are appreciable due to the presence of the provitamin A compound, beta-carotene. Dark green varieties of lettuce also contain...

energy and is an excellent source (20% or more the Daily Value, DV) of provitamin A beta-carotene and vitamin A (47% DV) (table). Vitamin C is present in...

supplement(s), or medication. Most people make a full recovery. High intake of provitamin carotenoids (such as beta-carotene) from vegetables and fruits does not...

same as in common rice varieties, except for the intended high levels of provitamin A. In 2019, golden rice was approved for use as human food and animal...

and vegetables Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols) Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds Carotenoids (carotenes as provitamin A) Fruit, vegetables and eggs...

naming in biology. For example, e.g. β-Carotene, a primary source of provitamin A; Β Cells in pancreatic islets, which produce insulin; and beta sheet...

vitamin C, citric acid, malic acid, α-tocopherol, anthocyanins, and the provitamin A carotenoid, β-carotene in contents that differ across regions of Finland...

are low in content (less than 10% DV). Broccoli contains the dietary provitamin A carotenoid, beta-carotene. Boiling substantially reduces the levels...

carbon dioxide methods. Carrot juice has a high content of β-carotene, a provitamin for vitamin A, and a flavor of concentrated carrots. In a reference amount...

all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-β-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids) Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B3...

(table). As a common source of beta-carotene in diets, carrots are a provitamin A source; an enzyme converts beta-carotene into vitamin A in the small...

vitamin A vitamers which includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and provitamin carotenoids such as beta-carotene, among others. Vitamers often have subtly...

vitamin K. The berries also contain vitamin B12. The main carotenoid is the provitamin A, beta-carotene, while other carotenoids include zeaxanthin, and lycopene...

Zhang, Jing; Lucca, Paola; et al. (January 14, 2000). "Engineering the Provitamin A (β-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm"...

lupeol. Mango peel pigments under study include carotenoids, such as the provitamin A compound, beta-carotene, lutein and alpha-carotene, and polyphenols...

milk has a golden-yellow tinge caused by a high content of β-carotene, a provitamin for vitamin A. The milk also has a high milk-fat content of 5% and a high...

micronutrients in significant content (table). It is also a source of the provitamin A carotenoid, beta-carotene. List of squash and pumpkin dishes Three Sisters...

an omega-3 fatty acid. Kiwifruit pulp contains carotenoids, such as provitamin A beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin. In July 2025, following an application...

fruit is a good source of nutrients, especially fiber, vitamin C, and provitamin A. A single purple passion fruit contains (1Trusted Source): Calories:...

components of edible plants. Included as nutritional constituents are provitamin A carotenoids, whereas those without nutrient status are diverse polyphenols...

antioxidants, whereas vitamin A becomes an antioxidant following metabolism of provitamin A beta-carotene and cryptoxanthin. Most food compounds listed as antioxidants...

for jams and jellies. The fruit is high in vitamin C and a source of provitamin A. The leaves are also used for tea in certain parts of Uruguay.[citation...

leaves. Orange cauliflower contains beta-carotene as the orange pigment, a provitamin A compound. This orange trait originated from a natural mutant found in...

Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, Potrykus I (January 2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...

immediately available to the body or carotene precursors, also known as provitamins, which must be converted to active forms by the body. These are obtained...

depending on species, ripeness, and post-harvest handling. They also contain provitamin-A carotenoids, such as β-carotene and lutein, which contribute to antioxidant...

2013. Wang T, Bengtsson G, Kärnefelt I, Björn LO (September 2001). "Provitamins and vitamins D2and D3in Cladina spp. over a latitudinal gradient: possible...

mushrooms; ergosterol is chemically converted into provitamin D2 by exposure to ultraviolet light. Provitamin D2 spontaneously forms vitamin D2. However, not...

β-cryptoxanthin is converted to vitamin A (retinol) and is, therefore, considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may...

copper (11% DV) (table). The Ataulfo mango is a source of B-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid.[better source needed] Ataulfo mangoes contain diverse polyphenols...

leaves, roots, and shoots are edible (if somewhat bitter), and rich in provitamin A and vitamin C. The Dena’ina found them also useful as food supplement...

(folate) Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) Choline Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Vitamin D Ergocalciferol Cholecalciferol...

Freshly picked leaves (especially mature leaves) contain high levels of provitamin A carotenoids, and also contain high levels of vitamins B and C, protein...

McLean R, Britton G, Agócs A, Nagy V, Deli J (2011). "Sapotexanthin, an A-provitamin carotenoid from red mamey (Pouteria sapota)". J Nat Prod. 74 (2): 283–5...

quite similar to coconut oil. The pulp is a good source of β-carotene and provitamin A compared with other fruits usually consumed. A glass of juice containing...

vegetables rich in carotenoids, specifically beta-carotene, provides provitamin A precursors that can prevent VAD-related night blindness. However, the...

contain up to 21% oil, are rich in tocopherol (Vitamin E), carotinoides (provitamin A) and micronutrients. Snowball seed oil is little known or used outside...

supplements. The text specifies that "supplements should contain vitamins/provitamins and minerals whose nutritional value for human beings has been proven...

precursor of vitamin A; the first time that the structure of a vitamin or provitamin had been established. George Wald worked briefly in Karrer's lab while...

contains carotenoids, citric acid, malic acid, parasorbic acid, pectin, provitamin A, sorbitol, tannin, and vitamin C. The seeds contain glycoside. Its fruit...

Paola; Beyer, Peter; Potrykus, Ingo (14 January 2000). "Engineering the Provitamin A (β-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm"...

balanced diets, complementing carbohydrate-rich tubers and grains with fats, provitamin A carotenoids (mainly a-and B-carotenes), and vitamin E. The source of...

the UK are tomatoes enhanced with Vitamin D. This tomato has increased provitamin D3 that when exposed to UVB light, converts to Vitamin D3. Maize/corn...

vitamin D3 is typically derived from lanolin in sheep wool. However, both provitamins and vitamins D2 and D3 have been discovered in various species of edible...

Zhang, J.; Lucca, P.; Beyer, P.; Potrykus, I. (2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...

compounds. The oil does not contain vitamin A directly, however it contains provitamin A (mostly beta-Carotene). It also contains all-trans retinoic acid. Researchers...

acids, salts, and other heterocyclic compounds 2935 Sulfonamides 2936 Provitamins, vitamins, and related derivatives 2937 Hormones, steroid derivatives...

purple pigmented rice Tricin Quercitin Kaempferol Apigenin β-carotene (provitamin A) Lutein zeaxanthin Benzoxazinoids Quinolone alkaloids Sakuranetin: Increases...

food per 100-gram serving, measured in retinol activity equivalents (provitamin A equivalents). Vietnamese gac fruit contains the highest known concentration...

PMC 248210. PMID 5473895. Lederer, E.; Moore, T. (1936). "Echinenone as a Provitamin A". Nature. 137 (3476): 996. Bibcode:1936Natur.137..996L. doi:10.1038/137996b0...

Pseudonarcissus) Phytoene Synthase Accumulates Phytoene, a Key Intermediate of Provitamin A Biosynthesis". Plant Journal. 11 (5): 1071–1078. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x...

the first to produce a GM tomato with elevated levels of β–carotene (provitamin A). His work on the regulation of β–carotene formation established the...

Ye, X; Al-Babili, S; Klöti, A; et al. (January 2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...

A.; Misawa, N.; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P. M. (2000). "Elevation of the provitamin a content of transgenic tomato plants". Nature Biotechnology. 18 (6):...

of beta-carotene and certain minerals. When eaten, beta-carotene is a provitamin, converted to retinol (vitamin A). The concept is that in areas of the...

pre‐fermentation with processed foods rich in calcium, iron, zinc and provitamin A. Uzochukwu, S. V., Balogh, E., Tucknot, O. G., Lewis, M. J., & Ngoddy...

1177/1535370216657900. PMC 5068469. PMID 27390265. von Lintig J (November 2012). "Provitamin A metabolism and functions in mammalian biology". Am J Clin Nutr. 96 (5):...

of a mammalian enzyme catalyzing the asymmetric oxidative cleavage of provitamin A". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (17): 14110–6. doi:10.1074/jbc...

Guangyuan He (2015). "The lycopene β-cyclase plays a significant role in provitamin A biosynthesis in wheat endosperm". BMC Plant Biology. 15 (112): 112....

JSTOR 23674894. Wang, T.; Bengtsson, G.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Björn, L.O. (2001). "Provitamins and vitamins D2 and D3 in Cladina spp. over a latitudinal gradient: possible...

Lucca, Paola; Beyer, Peter; Potrykus, Ingo (2000-01-14). "Engineering the Provitamin A (β-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm"...

signalling. Dogs are able to synthesize and convert 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin form of vitamin D) to cholecalciferol (inactive form of vitamin D) following...

secretion of the males may act as a sensory trap for females as it contains, provitamin-D3, that is also found in their prey. However, only males that are of...

is excreted through urine. Vitamin D metabolism is complex because the provitamin can be formed in the skin by ultraviolet irradiation or obtained from...

A; Zhang, J; Lucca, P; Beyer, P; Potrykus, I (2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...

X, Lucca P, Potrykus I, Beyer P (2001) Biosynthesis of beta-carotene (provitamin A) in rice endosperm achieved by genetic engineering. Novartis Found Symp...

essential nutrient for mammals which takes form in either retinol or the provitamin beta-Carotene. It helps regulation of cell division, cell function, genetic...

closely regulated. The compound is variously known as vitamin K3 and provitamin K3. Proponents of the latter name generally argue that the compound is...

embryogenic cell suspension culture. Golden Indica Rice with enriched Provitamin A and Ferritin rice with high iron content were developed by his group...

American Women and in American Men of Science. Hathaway, Milicent Louise, Provitamin D Potencies, Absorption Spectra, and Chemical Studies of Heat-Treated...

Biochem. Biophys., 33, 143–149. 1952 Stereochemical configuration and provitamin A activity: X. A comparison of synthetic 15, 15'-monocis-β-carotene (central...

T-DNA binary system was used to introduce multiple genes to engineer provitamin A biosynthesis in rice endosperm, addressing vitamin A deficiency in developing...

Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, Potrykus I (January 2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...

27–38. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.09.015. PMID 19800932. Ito, Shinobu (2003). Provitamin C, Skin Care Course 20 (in Japanese). Tokyo: Gendai Shyorin. ISBN 4-7745-0524-2...

A, Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, et al. (January 2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...

essential nutrient for mammals which takes form in either retinol or the provitamin beta-Carotene. It helps regulation of cell division, cell function, genetic...

fraction consisting of phytosterols, tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids (provitamin A), and triterpene alcohols. This bioactive fraction is associated with...

Shipton, C.A.; Misawa, N; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M. (2000). "Elevation of provitamin A content of transgenic tomato plants". Nature Biotechnology. 18 (6):...

and Vitamin A Archived 2012-12-14 at the Wayback Machine "Farmers get provitamin A cassava planting materials for 2013 planting season". Archived from...

several papers, including a 1929 co-authored study on the fractionation of provitamin D, and a 1933 article on ammonia production from tryptic and peptic digestion...

Klöti A, Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, Potrykus I (2000) Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm...

; Klöti, A.; Zhang, J.; Lucca, P.; Beyer, P. (2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm"...