Pernštýnské Square in the historical centreProstějov Castle
The city parts and villages of Čechovice, Čechůvky, Domamyslice, Krasice, Vrahovice and Žešov are administrative parts of Prostějov.[2]
Etymology
The original name of Prostějov was Prostějovice. The name was derived from the personal name Prostěj (a variant of the name Prostimír), meaning "the village of Prostěj's people". After the village was promoted to a town, the name changed to Prostějov.[3]
Geography
Prostějov is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) southwest of Olomouc and 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Brno. It lies mostly in a flat agricultural landscape of the Upper Morava Valley. The western tip of the municipal territory extends into the Drahany Highlands and includes the highest point of Prostějov at 368 m (1,207 ft) above sea level. The city is situated at the confluence of the Romže River and Hloučela Stream, which is located in Vrahovice.
History
The first written mention of Prostějov is from 1141. In 1365, the settlement was promoted to a market town and in 1390 to a town. Before 1390, Prostějov was acquired by the Lords of Kravaře and joined to the Plumlov estate. It remained part of it until 1848 and shared its owners and destinies.[4]
An Augustinian monastery was founded in 1391, but it was destroyed before 1430 by the Hussites. From 1454, the Jewish community lived in Prostějov. In 1495, the Plumov estate with Prostějov was bought by the Pernštejn family and the construction of the town walls began.[4] The Prostějov Castle was built in 1522–1526 by Jan of Pernštejn as a part of town walls. In 1568–1572 the castle was rebuilt in the Renaissance style.[5]
The Pernštejn family owned Prostějov until 1599. From 1599 to 1848, it was a property of the House of Liechtenstein. The monastery of the Merciful Brothers was established between 1727 and 1730. The Capuchin monastery was established in 1764, but was abolished in 1784.[4]
In 1869, the demolition of the city walls began. Thanks to the Jewish community in particular, Prostějov has become an important commercial and industrial centre. Mass production of textile clothing began in the 1840s and at the end of the century, the textile industry gained a privileged position in the whole of Austria-Hungary (one-third of the state's total production was from Prostějov). In the late 19th century, Prostějov was the third largest city in Moravia after Brno and Jihlava.[4]
During the socialist period, prefabricated housing estates were built on the outskirts of the city (built in 1963–1990) and extensive demolitions took place in the historic centre.[4]
The city is historically associated with the textile industry. The tradition began already in 1500 when a tailor's guild was founded. In the middle of the 19th century, the first clothing factory in Europe was built here. In 1910, the industry employed 12,000 people.[8]
Oděvní podnik Prostějov, the biggest textile company in the country with about 10,000 employees, was founded in 1964. After the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia, the company failed to restructure and adapt to market mechanisms, and went bankrupt in 2010.[8] Nowadays, the tradition is held by several smaller companies.[9]
Nowadays, the largest industrial employers based in the city are Makovec (meat processor) and Mubea Stabilizer Bar Systems (manufacturer of automotive parts), both employing more than 1,000 people. The largest non-industrial employer is the hospital.[10]
The historic centre is formed by the T. G. Masaryka Square and its surroundings, which include several other smaller squares. The central square is lined by burgher houses with Renaissance or Baroque cores, and facades mostly from the 19th and 20th centuries. One of the houses is the birthplace of Jiří Wolker, one of the most important natives. The landmark of the square is the city hall from 1911–1914 with a 66 metres (217 ft) high tower, which is open to the public.[12] In the middle of the square is a Baroque Marian column from 1714.[13]
Prostějov Castle on the Pernštýnské Square is one of the most significant buildings in the city. It was reconstructed after 1893 and decorated with modern sgraffito by Jano Köhler. Today it is owned by the city.[12]
The Museum and Gallery in Prostějov is located in the former town hall from 1530. The museum has been housed in this Renaissance building since 1905.[12]
The Church of Saint John of Nepomuk, built in 1750–1755, is a part of the former monastery of the Merciful Brothers. The Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius was founded together with the Capuchin monastery. In the early 20th century, it was neo-Baroque rebuilt and consecrated to Saints Cyril and Methodius.[13]
The former Old Synagogue was originally a yeshiva, rebuilt into a synagogue with Empire style elements in the 1830s. Today it is privately owned and inaccessible. The former New Synagogue was built opposite the old one in 1904, originally in Art Nouveau style. After the World War II, it was sold to Czechoslovak Hussite Church and arranged as a prayer house of this church, which it is to this day. Other Jewish monuments in the city are several old preserved houses, the new cemetery established in 1908, and the remains of the old cemetery, the surface of which was devastated during the war.[14]
.jpg)
