in the course of ontogeny, and in the adult stages Dickinsonia-like proarticulates changed so radically that they became almost indistinguishable from...

Karakhtia nessovi is a species of proarticulate from the Ediacaran period, around 555 Million Years Ago. K. nessovi is the only species in the genus Karakhtia...

extinct organism from the late Ediacaran of Russia. It is a unique proarticulate, and is also a monotypic genus, containing only Lossinia lissetskii...

extinction of the Ediacaran biota. Before the end of the Ediacaran period, proarticulates and trilobozoans would have already become extinct; and the last vendobionts...

Podolimirus is an extinct genus of proarticulates from the Ediacaran of Ukraine, and possible preserves internal organs. It is the monotypic genus, containing...

Paravendia is an extinct genus of proarticulate from the late Ediacaran of Russia, around 553 Ma. It is a monotypic genus, containing only Paravendia...

Marywadea is an extinct proarticulate organism from the late Ediacaran of Australia. Originally described under Spriggina, it is a monotypic genus, containing...

Dipleurozoa (or Dickinsoniomorpha) are extinct proarticulate organisms of the Ediacaran period, which had a flat and more or less ovoid shape. Polychaete...

interpreted as an erniettomorph, a window lichen, or a feeding trace of a proarticulate due to its very long and twisting form, although recent studies agree...

Armillifera parva is a species of Ediacaran proarticulate first described by Mikhail Fedonkin in 1980. Its fossils were discovered in the White Sea area...

Archaeaspinus fedonkini is an extinct proarticulate from the Late Ediacaran period. Archaeaspinus was discovered in Zimnii Bereg, the Winter Coast of...

the clade is highly debated and sometimes considered speculative. The proarticulates are considered as stem bilaterians by most authors. Together the three...

part closed is present in another branch of bilaterians, the extinct proarticulates. This and the amphistomic development (when both mouth and anus develop...

Ivovicia is an extinct genus of yorgiid proarticulate from the late Ediacaran of Russia. It is a monotypic genus, containing only Ivovicia rugulosa. The...

who found the first specimen. The body plan of the Yorgia and other proarticulates is unusual for solitary (non-colonial) metazoans. These bilateral organisms...

Repina, 1965, for the trilobite has priority. The new valid name for the proarticulate is Archaeaspinus Ivantsov, 2007. The genus name is the combination of...

anthozoans (from which jellyfish, placozoans, nephrozoans, and perhaps proarticulates are derived), in turn derived from an ancestral organization shared...

placed within the White Sea and Nama assemblages, with the tentative proarticulate Windermeria correlating these layers to the White Sea assemblage. Unlike...

is called glide reflection symmetry, and is a diagnostic feature of proarticulates. Transverse elements decrease in size from one end to the other and...

2022 Although there is no convincing fossil record of the Placozoa, proarticulates from the Ediacaran biota (Precambrian, 550 million years ago) such as...

Genus Species Notes Images Epibaion Epibaion sp. Feeding traces of proarticulates. Kimberichnus Kimberichnus sp. Feeding traces of Kimberella. Nenoxites...

commonly encountered in taxonomic literature. Ivantsov, A. Yu. (2021). "Proarticulates—an extinct phylum of soft-bodied metazoans, or a group of vendobionts...

proarticulates, their bodies consist of segmented isomers, which are arranged in a glide reflection along a central axis. Unlike other proarticulates...

overall outline and flattened peripheral zone is also similar to the proarticulate Cephalonega, although they are differentiated by the fact that it has...

isomers were added at the growth point at the posterior end of the proarticulate body. With age, the addition of new isomers slowed down and probably...

characterized by a thin, rounded body. Unlike the other classes of proarticulates, the segmentation of the body is not complete and shows a "head" with...

have true bilateral symmetry, although what sets them out from other proarticulates is their greater number of isomers, numbering up to around 40, sometimes...