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Prionotinae
	Striped sea robin (Prionotus evolans)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Family:	Triglidae
Subfamily:	Prionotinae; Kaup, 1873
Genera
	see text

Prionotinae is a subfamily of demersal, marine ray-finned fishes, part of the family Triglidae. The fishes in this subfamily are called sea robins and are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans, the other two Triglid subfamilies are called gurnards.

Taxonomy

Prionotinae was first proposed as a subfamily in 1873 by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup.^[1] It is classified within the family Triglidae, part of the suborder Platycephaloidei within the order Scorpaeniformes.^[2] Prionotinae is regarded as the basal grouping within the family Triglidae.^[3]

Etymology

The name of the subfamily is derived from what was its only genus at the time of its delineation by Kaup, Prionotus. This name is a compound of prion, "saw", and notus, "back", as Lacépède saw three free dorsal spines when he was describing the type species P. evolans but these were probably the result of damage to the specimen.^[4] The common names, sea robin, comes from the orange ventral surface of the species in the genus Prionotus, and from large pectoral fins which resemble a bird's wings.^[5]

Genera

Prionotinae contains the following 2 genera:^[6]

Bellator Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Prionotus Lacépède, 1801

Characteristics

Prionotinae, sea robins, are separated from the other Triglid subfamilies by the lateral line not being forked on the caudal peduncle, having 26 vertebrae and the presence of a ligament, called Baudelot's ligament, which has its base on the skull.^[2] The largest species is the lumptail sea robin (Prionotus stephanophrys) which has a maximum published total length of 43 cm (17 in), and the smallest is the Bellator ribeiroi at 9.9 cm (3.9 in) in maximum published total length.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

Prionnotinae sea robins are found off the coasts of the Americas in the eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic Oceans.^[2] These species occur in depths between 1 m and 210 m, most frequently between 10 m and 50 m deep. They are demersal in temperate waters, but pelagic or semi-pelagic in tropical regions where they form large schools close to the surface.^[7] They are demersal fish of sandy bottoms in shallow waters.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
^ ^a ^b ^c J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
^ Richards, W. & Jones, D. (2002). "Preliminary classification of the gurnards (Triglidae: Scorpaeniformes)". Marine and Freshwater Research. 53: 274–282. doi:10.1071/MF01128.
^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
^ "Sea robin". Collins. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Triglidae". FishBase. February 2022 version.
^ "Sea Robin". The Fisherman. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
^ "Sea Robin". Hudson River Park. Retrieved 27 May 2022.