Caroline was born on February 14, 1770, in Kirchheimbolanden. She was the sixth child and the third daughter in the family of Prince Karl Christian of Nassau-Weilburg and his wife Carolina of Orange-Nassau. Had older sisters Maria and Louise and brothers Friedrich Wilhelm and Wilhelm, who died two months later. Later, the family was supplemented by five younger children, of whom son Karl Wilhelm and daughters Amelia and Henrietta reached adulthood.
In May 1787, Caroline lost her mother, however, already in September of that year, she got married.
At the age of 17, she became the wife of Hereditary Count Karl Ludwig of Wied-Runkel, who soon turned 24. The groom was the eldest son of the ruling Count Christian Ludwig. The wedding took place on September 41787 in Kirchheimbolanden and.[citation needed] The couple had no children.
In 1791, Christian Ludwig received the title of prince,[1] and passed away in October of the same year. Caroline's husband became the next ruler of Weid-Runkel.
In 1806, with the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine by Napoleon, the principality was mediatized, its lands went to the Grand Duchy of BergDuchy of Nassau.[2]
Karl Ludwig died on March 9, 1824, in Deardorff. Since the marriage was childless, after the death of his younger brother in April 1824, the rights to the Wied-Runkel lands passed to Johann Carl August of Wied.