Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100

PW100
PW120 in Canada Aviation Museum
Type Turboprop
National origin Canada
Manufacturer Pratt & Whitney Canada
First run March 1981
Major applications ATR 42/ATR 72
De Havilland Canada Dash 8
EADS CASA C-295
Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
Fokker 50
Xian MA60
Number built >8,000 (as of 2014)[1][needs update]

The Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100 aircraft engine family is a series of 1,800 to 5,000 shaft horsepower (1,300 to 3,700 kW) turboprops manufactured by Pratt & Whitney Canada. Pratt & Whitney Canada dominates the turboprop market with 89% of the turboprop regional airliner installed base in 2016, leading GE Aviation and Allison Engine Company.[2]

Development

The engine was first introduced as a technology demonstrator in 1977.[3] The PW100 was first tested in March 1981, made its initial flight in February 1982 on a Vickers Viscount testbed aircraft,[4] and then entered service in December 1984 on a Dash 8 regional aircraft for NorOntair.[1]

The PW150 engine was introduced on 24 April 1995, when Bombardier selected the engine for the launch of its de Havilland Dash 8-400 regional turboprop. The PW150 was a higher-power version of the PW100 series, with the low-pressure compressor changed from a single-stage centrifugal compressor to a three-stage axial compressor, and the turbine modified to have improved cooling. The power rating was increased from 2,750 shaft horsepower (2,050 kilowatts) in the PW127 to 4,920 shp (3,670 kW) in the PW150, although the engine was thermodynamically capable of 6,500–7,500 shp (4,800–5,600 kW).[5]

At the 2021 Dubai Air Show, Pratt & Whitney Canada introduced the PW127XT (extended-time-on-wing) series. The PW127XT, which is intended to replace the PW127M variant, reduces the number of engine overhauls within 10 years to two from three. The engine maintenance interval (time-on-wing) is increased from 14,000 hours to 20,000 hours and would use three percent less fuel than the PW127M.[6] The engine series will premiere as the standard powerplant on all new ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft, with a launch order from Air Corsica using the PW127XT-M engine model. The PW127XT-N variant, which is designed for the ATR 72-600, has the same mechanical power rating as the PW127XT-M but has a higher thermodynamic power rating.[7]

Design

Originally called the PT7, the PW100 uses a relatively unusual three-shaft engine configuration. In the PW100, a centrifugal low-pressure (LP) impeller (except for the PW150, which uses a 3-stage axial LP compressor), driven by a single-stage LP turbine, supercharges a contra-rotating centrifugal high-pressure (HP) impeller, driven by a single-stage HP turbine. Power is delivered to the offset propeller reduction gearbox through a third shaft, connected to a two-stage free (power) turbine. The gearbox has two stages, yielding a reduction ratio between 15.4 and 17.16. The first stage uses double helical gears, followed by a second stage with straight spur gears.[8]

Pratt & Whitney Canada PW123, from right to left: propeller mount, gearbox, air intake below, accessories surrounding the compressor, combustor, turbine and exhaust

Variants

A PW127E installed on an ATR 72-500
PW127G engine on a CASA C-295 aircraft at Paris Air Show 2013

The last two digits of each variant model number represent the nominal power at takeoff, in hundreds of horsepower.[9]

Certified variants[10]
Variant Certification Rating Notes
PW115 1983-12[9] 1,500 shp (1,100 kW)[11] No longer in service.
PW118 1986-03-11 1,892 eshp (1,411 kW) Can be converted to a PW118A.
PW118A 1987-06-30 1,893 eshp (1,412 kW) Can be converted to a PW118B.
PW118B 1996-02-29 1,892 eshp (1,412 kW)
PW119A 1992-03-04 1,948 eshp (1,453 kW) Can be converted to a PW119B.
PW119B 1993-04-05 1,941 eshp (1,448 kW) Can be converted to a PW119C.
PW119C 1995-04-21 1,941 eshp (1,448 kW) Can be converted to a PW119B.
PW120 1983-12-16 1,787 eshp (1,333 kW) Can be converted to a PW121.
PW120A 1984-09-18 1,892 eshp (1,411 kW) Can be converted to a PW121.
PW121 1987-02-18 2,044 eshp (1,524 kW) Can be converted to a PW120.
PW121A 1995-03-24 1,992 eshp (1,465 kW)
PW123 1987-06-30 2,261 eshp (1,687 kW) Can be converted to a PW123B, C, D, or E.
PW123AF 1989-06-14 2,261 eshp (1,686 kW) Can be converted to PW123.
PW123B 1991-12-20 2,262 eshp (1,687 kW) Can be converted to a PW123.
PW123C 1994-05-13 2,054 eshp (1,532 kW) Can be converted to a PW123 or D.
PW123D 1994-05-13 2,054 eshp (1,532 kW) Can be converted to a PW123 or C.
PW123E 1995-02-13 2,261 eshp (1,687 kW) Can be converted to a PW123.
PW124B 1988-05-25 2,522 eshp (1,881 kW) Can be converted to a PW123 or PW127.
PW125B 1987-05-01 2,261 eshp (1,687 kW)
PW126 1987-05-01 2,323 eshp (1,732 kW) Can be converted to a PW123 or PW126A.
PW126A 1989-06-14 2,493 eshp (1,859 kW) Can be converted to a PW123 or PW127D.
PW127 1992-02-04 2,619 eshp (1,953 kW) Can be converted to a PW127C, E, or F.
PW127A 1992-02-10 2,620 eshp (1,954 kW) Can be converted to a PW127B.
PW127B 1992-11-05 2,619 eshp (1,953 kW)
PW127C 1992-10-06 2,880 eshp (2,148 kW)
PW127D 1993-03-31 2,880 eshp (2,148 kW) Can be converted to a PW127B.
PW127E 1994-12-16 2,516 eshp (1,876 kW) Can be converted to a PW127M.
PW127F 1996-08-30 2,619 eshp (1,953 kW) Can be converted to a PW127M.
PW127G 1997-09-19 3,058 eshp (2,281 kW) Used in CASA C295.
PW127H 1998-10-23 2,880 eshp (2,148 kW)
PW127J 1999-01-04 2,880 eshp (2,148 kW)
PW127M 2007-12-07 2,619 eshp (1,953 kW) Used in the ATR 72-600s.
PW127N 2014-05-05 2,619 eshp (1,953 kW)
PW127XT-L 2023-08-28 2,619 eshp (1,953 kW) Developed for use on STOL (short takeoff and landing) aircraft
PW127XT-M 2022-08-25 2,621 eshp (1,954 kW) Used in the ATR 72-600s.
PW127XT-N 2023-06-22 2,621 eshp (1,954 kW)
PW150A 1998-06-24 5,492 eshp (4,095 kW)[12] For the Q400 and An-132.[a]
  1. ^ Is capable of up to 7,000 shp (5,200 kW). Has a 3 stage axial low pressure compressor instead of the centrifugal NL unit on other variants. On the Q400, it sports a larger, six-bladed 13.5 ft (4.1 m) Dowty R408 propeller that spins at slower rates of 1,020 rpm at takeoff, 900 rpm at climb and 850 rpm at cruise.[13]

Other variants

PW119
1,815 shp (1,353 kW),[14] no longer in service.
PW124
2,400 shp (1,800 kW),[15] no longer in service.
PW124A
No longer in service.
PW125
No longer in service.
PW125A
No longer in service.
PW127TS
2,500 shp (1,900 kW) turboshaft version that powered the first 2 prototypes of the Mil Mi-38 helicopter[16] and was to be used on the Mi-38-1 variant.[17]
PW127XT-S
Selected to power the Deutsche Aircraft D328eco in June 2022.[18]
PW130
Unsuccessfully offered for the Saab 2000[19] and IPTN N-250 aircraft.[20] Proposed for the unbuilt Fokker 50-400 aircraft.[21]
PW150 Twin Pack
Proposed powerplant for the Airbus A400M.[22] Two PW150-based engines would be used to drive a single propeller.[23] The powerplant was eliminated from contention by Airbus in early June 1999, since it was short of providing the 9,000 shp (6,700 kW) required to drive the eight-bladed propeller at the time, and its specific fuel consumption (SFC) was excessive.[24]
PW150B
Proposed powerplant for the Shaanxi Y-8F-600.[25] Abandoned in December 2008 when the United States government barred a U.S.-based subcontractor from exporting the engine control software for the PW150B.[26]
PW150C
Proposed powerplant for the Xian MA700.[27] Includes a third-stage power turbine, larger-diameter propellers, modified reduction gearbox, and optimized low-pressure compressor.[28] Has higher thrust, higher speed, and extended range compared to the PW150A. Blocked from an export license by the Canadian government in 2020,[29] because of the Chinese government's retaliatory detention of Canadian citizens (the "two Michaels") starting in 2018.[30]
ST18M
Marine application for the PW100.
ST40
PW150 derivative adapted for the Bombardier JetTrain, which was proposed for use in high-speed train travel in North America.[31]
ST40M
Marine application for the PW150A.

Applications

Aircraft

A PW120A fitted to a Canadian Forces CT-142
Application Variant
Antonov An-132D PW150A
Antonov An-140 PW127A
ATR 42-300/320/400 PW120/PW121
ATR 42-500/600/600S PW127E/XT-M/XT-L
ATR 72-100/200 PW124B
ATR 72-500/600 PW127F/XT-M
BAe ATP PW126
Canadair CL-215T PW123AF
Canadair CL-415 PW123AF
De Havilland Canada Dash 8-100 PW120/PW121
De Havilland Canada Dash 8-200/300 PW123
De Havilland Canada Dash 8-400 PW150
Dornier 328 PW119
EADS CASA C-295 PW127G
Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia PW118/118A/118B
Fokker 50/60 PW125B/127B
Ilyushin Il-114 PW127H
Xian MA60 PW127J
Xian Y-7-200A PW127C[32]

Other applications

Specifications

PW100/150 Series[33]
Series Thermo.
Power		 Mech.
Power		 Prop.
max. RPM		 BSFC[a][34] Dry
weight[34]		 Height Width Length Application
PW118 2,180 hp
1,630 kW		 1,800 hp
1,300 kW		 1,300 0.498 lb/(hp⋅h)
303 g/kWh		 861 lb
391 kg		 31 in
79 cm		 25 in
64 cm		 81 in
210 cm 		Embraer EMB-120
PW120 2,400 hp
1,800 kW		 2,100 hp
1,600 kW		 1,200 0.485 lb/(hp⋅h)
295 g/kWh		 921 lb
418 kg		 31 in
79 cm		 25 in
64 cm		 84 in
210 cm 		ATR 42-300/320
Dash 8-100
PW123/124 3,000 hp
2,200 kW		 2,400 hp
1,800 kW		 1,200 0.470 lb/(hp⋅h)
286 g/kWh		 992 lb
450 kg		 33 in
84 cm		 26 in
66 cm		 84 in
210 cm 		Dash 8-200/300
Canadair CL-215T/CL-415
PW127 3,200 hp
2,400 kW		 2,750 hp
2,050 kW		 1,200 0.459 lb/(hp⋅h)
279 g/kWh		 1,060 lb
480 kg		 33 in
84 cm		 26 in
66 cm		 84 in
210 cm 		An-140, ATR 42-400/500/600, ATR 72-210/500/600
CASA C-295, Il-114-100, Xian MA60
PW150 6,200 hp
4,600 kW		 5,000 hp
3,700 kW		 1,020 0.433 lb/(hp⋅h)
263 g/kWh[35]		 1,583 lb
718 kg[35]		 44 in
110 cm		 30 in
76 cm		 95 in
240 cm 		Dash 8-400
  1. ^ At sea-level take-off

Data from PW100,[36] PW150[37]

General characteristics

  • Type: Three-shaft turboprop
  • Length: 2,046–2,130 mm (80.6–83.9 in); PW150: 2,420 mm (95 in)
  • Diameter: 635–679 mm (25.0–26.7 in); PW150: 790 mm (31 in)
  • Dry weight: 390.5–481.7 kg (861–1,062 lb); PW150: 716.9 kg (1,580 lb)

Components

  • Compressor: Two-spool, two-stage centrifugal compressors, PW150: Two-spool, 3-stage axial, single centrifugal[33]
  • Combustors: Reverse flow combustor[33]
  • Turbine: Single-stage low pressure and high pressure turbines, Two-stage power turbine[33]
  • Fuel type: PW150: Kerosene Jet A, A-1/JP8; Wide Cut Jet B/JP4; High Flash JP5/JP1
  • Oil system: Self-contained system[38]

Performance

  • Maximum power output: 1,342–1,846 kW (1,800–2,476 hp); PW150: 3,415 kW (4,580 hp) + 3.412 kN (767 lbf)
  • Overall pressure ratio: PW120, PW127, and PW150: 12.14, 15.77, and 17.97[8]
  • Air mass flow: PW120, PW127, and PW150: 6.70, 8.49, and 14.44 kg/s (14.8, 18.7, and 31.8 lb/s)[8]
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 3.44–3.83 kW/kg (2.09–2.33 hp/lb); PW150: 4.76 kW/kg (2.90 hp/lb)

See also

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

  1. ^ a b Pratt & Whitney Canada (13 May 2014). "Pratt & Whitney Canada celebrates the 30th anniversary of the PW100 turboprop powerhouse". Skies Magazine (Press release).
  2. ^ Schonland, Addison (25 Apr 2017). "Pratt & Whitney Canada – The Dominator". Air Insight Group. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  3. ^ Trimble, Stephen (28 February – 5 March 2012). "Return of the power turboprop: Turboprop engine duel strikes up for 90-seater". Flight International. No. 728. pp. 32–33. ISSN 0015-3710.
  4. ^ Leyes II & Fleming 1999, p. 489.
  5. ^ "PW150 for Dash 8-400". Flight International. 2 May 1995. ISSN 0015-3710.
  6. ^ Buyck, Cathy (16 November 2021). "ATR upgrades turboprops with new Pratt engines" (PDF). Dubai Airshow News. Aviation International News. p. 6.
  7. ^ Perry, Dominic (15 November 2021). "ATR re-engines with new PW127XT series and secures launch order from Air Corsica". Dubai 2021. Flight International. ISSN 0015-3710.
  8. ^ a b c Hosking, E.; Kenny, D. P.; McCormick, R. I.; Moustapha, S. H.; Sampath, P.; Smailys, A. A. (11–15 May 1998). The PW100 engine: 20 years of gas turbine technology evolution. Design principles and methods for aircraft gas turbine engines. pp. 4–1 to 4–9. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.600.8607. ISBN 9789283700050. OCLC 300373932.
  9. ^ a b Cook, David L. (16–19 April 1985). Development of the PW100 turboprop engines. General Aviation Aircraft Meeting and Exposition. SAE Transactions. Vol. 94, no. 4. pp. 4.740 – 4.746. doi:10.4271/850909. ISSN 0096-736X. JSTOR 44729718.
  10. ^ Type certificate data sheet (Report). Vol. E-19 (51st ed.). Transport Canada. 28 August 2023. Canadian type certificate for PW118–PW127.
  11. ^ "Civil Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications". www.jet-engine.net.
  12. ^ Type certificate data sheet (Report). Vol. E-29 (3rd ed.). Transport Canada. 28 August 2000. Canadian type certificate for PW150.
  13. ^ Warwick, Graham (9 September 1998). "Turboprop - and proud of it". Flight International. ISSN 0015-3710.
  14. ^ "Dornier lands big order". Flying. September 1991. p. 26. ISSN 0015-4806.
  15. ^ Leyes II & Fleming 1999, p. 491.
  16. ^ Dubois, Thierry; Huber, Mark (February 2014). "New rotorcraft 2014" (PDF). Aviation International News. pp. 48–51.
  17. ^ "Fourth Mi-38 commences tests" (PDF). Industry – News. Take-off: Russia's National Aerospace Magazine. November 2014. p. 30.
  18. ^ Schuurman, Richard (17 June 2022). "Deutsche Aircraft upgrades to P&W PW127XT-S engines". AirInsightGroup.
  19. ^ Shifrin, Carole A. (3 July 1989). "Douglas may offer three MD-90 versions with V2500 powerplants". Report from Le Bourget. Aviation Week & Space Technology. pp. 56–57. ISSN 0005-2175.
  20. ^ "Allison GMA 2100 selected". Industry observer. Aviation Week & Space Technology. 30 July 1990. p. 11. ISSN 0005-2175.
  21. ^ "Launch target for new Fokker" (PDF). From other publications. Rundschau. Vol. 37, no. 287. AEROPERS. Flight International. July–August 1990. p. 38. OCLC 173866706.
  22. ^ Moxon, Julian (17 March 1999). "CASA chosen for final assembly of Airbus Military transporter". Flight International. Toulouse, France. p. 22. ISSN 0015-3710.
  23. ^ Norris, Guy (2 June 1999). "European powerhouse: BMW Rolls-Royce is poised for new growth as it enters the commercial engine world with the BR715". Flight International. No. 4679. Berlin, Germany. pp. 38–40. ISSN 0015-3710. OCLC 207200939.
  24. ^ Cook, Nick (9 June 1999). "Airbus to select A400M engine next month". Jane's Defence Weekly. Vol. 31, no. 23. p. 1. ISSN 0265-3818. OCLC 207398309.
  25. ^ Chang, Andrei (3 December 2008). "China, Russia still at odds over Il-76 sales deal". United Press International (UPI).
  26. ^ "PWC pulls out of military Y8-F600". Air Cargo News. 22 December 2008.
  27. ^ Meszaros, Jennifer (20 January 2020). "Chinese LCC takes its first ARJ21, MA700 set for assembly". AINonline.
  28. ^ Polek, Gregory (20 June 2017). "Pratt Canada seals deals to power Chinese, Russian turboprops". AINonline.
  29. ^ "China's MA700 in jeopardy as Canada blocks PW150C exports". ch-aviation. 28 September 2021.
  30. ^ Chua, Alfred (3 October 2022). "Beyond C919 certification euphoria, COMAC confronts sobering realities". FlightGlobal. ISSN 0015-3710.
  31. ^ "Pratt-built engine to power JetTrain". Hartford Courant. 16 October 2002. ISSN 1047-4153. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  32. ^ "Xian signs Y-7 deals with five Chinese domestic airlines". Flight International. 16 June 1998. ISSN 0015-3710.
  33. ^ a b c d "PW100/150 Turboprops". Pratt & Whitney Canada.
  34. ^ a b Gudmundsson, Snorri (2022). "Table 7-9. Typical T-O power and SFC of selected turboprop engines". General aviation aircraft design: Applied methods and procedures (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-12-818465-3. OCLC 1272887697.
  35. ^ a b National Research Council (2007). "Table 3-1. Comparison of candidate engine characteristics". Improving the efficiency of engines for large nonfighter aircraft. The National Academies Press. p. 29. doi:10.17226/11837. ISBN 978-0-309-10399-2. OCLC 567827788.
  36. ^ "PW100 Type certificate data sheet" (PDF). EASA. 4 June 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  37. ^ "PW150 Type certificate data sheet" (PDF). EASA. 19 November 2014.
  38. ^ ATR 42 72 Aircraft Maintenance Training Manual, chapter 71

Bibliography

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