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Pottsville Formation
Pottsville Formation
Stratigraphic range: Pennsylvanian
	Typical Pottsville Formation at Worlds End State Park, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania
Type	sedimentary
Sub-units	see Stratigraphy section
Underlies	Brookville Coal of Allegheny Formation (OH, PA) Llewellyn Formation
Overlies	Coldwater Shale, Cuyahoga Formation, Logan Formation, Mauch Chunk Formation, Maxville Limestone, and Parkwood Formation
Lithology
Primary	sandstone, conglomerate
Other	limestone, shale, coal
Location
Region	Appalachian Mountains
Extent	Alabama, Maryland, Mississippi, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia
Type section
Named for	Pottsville, Pennsylvania
Named by	J. P. Lesley, 1876

The Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, western Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, and Alabama. It is a major ridge-former in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians of the eastern United States.^[3] The Pottsville Formation is conspicuous at many sites along the Allegheny Front, the eastern escarpment of the Allegheny or Appalachian Plateau.

Description

The Pottsville Formation consists of a gray conglomerate, fine to coarse grained sandstone, and is known to contain limestone, siltstone and shale, as well as anthracite and bituminous coal.^[4]^[5] It is considered a classic orogenic molasse.^[6] The formation was first described from a railroad cut south of Pottsville, Pennsylvania.^[4]

Nomenclature and stratigraphy

The relationship to the term "Pottsville" and actual lithologic units is complex. Most fundamentally, the unit may be considered a formation or a group.

As a formation, the Pottsville may encompass the following members depending on the state in which it occurs: Alton Coal Member, Anthony Shale Member, Bear Run Member, Bedford Clay Bed, Boggs Member, Boyles Sandstone Member, Bremen Sandstone Member, Brookville Clay Member, Camp Branch Sandstone Member, Campbell Ledge Shale Member, Chestnut Sandstone Member, Connoquenessing Sandstone Member, Dundee Sandstone Member, Flint Ridge Clay Bed or Flint Ridge Shale Member, Harrison Member, Homewood Sandstone Member, Huckleberry Clay Bed, Kanawha Member, Lick Creek Sandstone Member, Lowellville Limestone Member, Lower Mercer Limestone Member, Massillon Sandstone Member, McArthur Member, Mercer Member, Middle Mercer Shale Member, Mount Savage Clay Bed, Olean Conglomerate Member of Olean Sandstone Member, Pine Sandstone Member, Poverty Run Member, Razburg Sandstone Member, Rocky Ridge Sandstone Member, Schuylkill Member, Sciotoville Clay Member, Shades Sandstone Member, Sharon Coal Bed, Sharon Member, Sharp Mountain Member, Straight Ridge Sandstone Member, Straven Conglomerate Member, Tionesta Clay Bed, Tumbling Run Member, Upper Mercer Limestone Member or Upper Mercer Bed, Vandusen Shale Member, Wolf Ridge Sandstone Member.^[7]

As a group, the Pottsville may encompass the following formations depending on the state in which it occurs: Connoquenessing Formation, Curwensville Formation, Elliott Park Formation, Gurnee Formation, Hance Formation, Homewood Formation or Homewood Sandstone, Mercer Formation, New River Formation, Olean Conglomerate or Olean Formation, Pocahontas Formation, Schuylkill Formation, Sharon Formation or Sharon Sandstone, Sharp Mountain Formation, Tumbling Run Formation.^[7]

The Pottsville was previously mapped in the Illinois basin as well at the Formation level, but was renamed the Tradewater Formation in 1997.^[8]

Fossils

A 1.3-m interval at the base of the Pottsville in the Broad Top basin in Pennsylvania contains both marine invertebrates and plant fossils of middle Morrowan age.^[9]

Age

Relative age dating of the Pottsville places it in the early to middle Pennsylvanian period

Notable exposures

Pennsylvania:

Maryland:

Dans Rock,^[10] on Dans Mountain

West Virginia:

Bear Rocks Preserve, Dolly Sods
Blackwater Falls and the Blackwater Canyon
Canaan Valley (surrounding mountains)
Cheat River Gorge
Spruce Knob

Ohio:

Thompson Ledges in Thompson Township, Geauga County, Ohio^[11]

References

^ Rice, C.L., Hiett, J.K., and Koozmin, E.D., 1994, Glossary of Pennsylvanian stratigraphic names, central Appalachian basin, IN Rice, C.L., ed., Elements of Pennsylvanian stratigraphy, central Appalachian basin: Geological Society of America Special Paper, 294, p. 115-155.
^ Lesley, J.P., 1876, The Boyd's Hill gas well at Pittsburgh; Appendix E: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Report of Progress, 2nd series, v. L, p. 221-227.
^ Kempler, Steve (2007-01-19). "Geomorphology : Chapter 2 Plate T-12 : Folded Appalachians". NASA, Goddard Earth Sciences (GES), Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Archived from the original on 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2008-03-16. The major ridge makers are the Tuscarora (T), Pocono (Po), and Pottsville (Pt) Formations.
^ ^a ^b "GeoLex: Geologic Unit: Pottsville". Retrieved 2011-04-22.
^ "Geology : Pottsville (Pp)". LEO EnviroSci Inquiry. Lehigh University. Archived from the original on 2006-09-07. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
^ Robinson, R.A.J.; Prave, A.R. (1995). "Cratonal contributions to a" classic" molasse; the Carboniferous Pottsville Formation of eastern Pennsylvania revisited". Geology. 23 (4): 369–372. Bibcode:1995Geo....23..369R. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0369:CCTACM>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 2008-04-10. The Carboniferous Pottsville Formation of eastern Pennsylvania in the central Appalachian foreland basin is considered a classic orogenic molasse …
^ ^a ^b http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/NewUnits/unit_3393.html USGS GEOLEX database, Geologic Unit: Pottsville
^ Harrison, R.W., 1997, Bedrock geologic map of the St. Louis 30' x 60' quadrangle, Missouri and Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map, I-2533, 7 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000 [1]
^ Edmunds, W.E., 1992, Early Pennsylvanian (middle Morrowan) marine transgression in south-central Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 225-231.
^ "Maryland's Geologic Features: Dans Rock, Allegany County". Retrieved 2011-04-22.
^ "Thompson Ledges, Geauga County, Ohio, 1975".