Potassium asparaginate

Not to be confused with potassium aspartate, a salt of L-aspartic acid, a different amino acid.

Potassium asparaginate
Names
IUPAC name
L-Asparagine potassium salt
Other names
L-Asparagine, potassium salt (1:1);
L-Asparagine, monopotassium salt;
Asparagine potassium
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4H8N2O3.K/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7;/h2H,1,5H2,(H2,6,7)(H,8,9);/q;+1/p-1/t2-;/m0./s1
    Key: NRFNNNBFDIFBLS-DKWTVANSSA-M
  • [K+].N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C([O-])=O
Properties
C4H7KN2O3
Molar mass 170.209 g·mol−1
  • 16 g/100ml (30 °C)
  • 22 g/100ml (35 °C)
  • 28 g/100ml (40 °C)[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Potassium asparaginate is a potassium salt of L-asparagine amino acid.[2][3][4][5]

Potassium asparaginate can be considered both a salt and a coordination complex.[6][3] As a salt, potassium asparaginate is formed when the potassium ion (K+) replaces the hydrogen ion (H+) in the carboxyl group of L-asparagine, an amino acid; in this process, the carboxyl group (–COOH) in L-asparagine loses hydrogen which is replaced by potassium.[3] As a coordination complex, in the context of coordination chemistry, the potassium ion coordinates with the L-asparagine, forming a stable structure where the central (metal) ion is surrounded by and associated with the L-asparagine, a ligand (complexing molecule), through coordinate covalent bonds.[3][6][7]

Chemical properties

The composition by mass of elemental potassium (K) in potassium asparaginate (C4H7KN2O3) is approximately 23%, given that the molar mass of a potassium atom (K) is 39.1 grams per mole (g/mol), and the molar mass of a potassium asparaginate is 170.21 g/mol (39.1/170.21≈23%).[2]

The solubility of potassium asparaginate, in g/100ml of various solvents (water, ethanol, methanol), at temperatures of 30, 35 and 40 degree Celsius, is the following:[1]

Solubility of Potassium Asparaginate (g/100ml)[1]
Liquid 30°C 35°C 40°C
Water 16 22 28
Ethanol 12 16 20
Methanol 11 15 19

Synthesis

Potassium asparaginate can be obtained from L-asparagine and potassium fluoride (KF) in a chemical reaction which yields potassium asparaginate and hydrofluoric acid (HF).[1]

Applications

Medicine

Potassium asparaginate, along with magnesium asparaginate, is marketed in Russia and Eastern European countries to treat or prevent potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) and magnesium deficiency (hyponatremia).[8][9] Potassium asparaginate and magnesium asparaginate purportedly improve metabolism in the myocardium (heart muscle), enhance the tolerance of cardiac glycosides (heart medications) and exhibit antiarrhythmic activity (help regulate heart rhythm).[9][10] Still, these health claims are not backed up by reliable studies.[11] In the United States, potassium asparaginate is not specifically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating any medical condition;[11] to treat hypokalemia, potassium is instead administered as other salts, namely, gluconate, citrate, chloride or bicarbonate.[11]

Nonlinear optics

In nonlinear optics, crystals of potassium asparaginate are investigated as a potential nonlinear optical material, as salts of some amino acids possess strong nonlinear optical properties.[1][12] A nonlinear optics material is a substance with high optical nonlinearity. Such substances are useful in applications such as signal transmission, data storage, or optical switching.[1][12] High optical nonlinearity refers to the property of materials to respond to light (e.g., a laser) in a nonlinear manner, meaning that the property doesn't scale linearly with the intensity of the light applied.[1][13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Anna Venus S, Anbarasu S, Devarajan PA (2015). "Growth and characterization studies of a new NLO single crystal potassium L-asparaginate". Optik. 126 (23): 4561–4565. Bibcode:2015Optik.126.4561A. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.08.068.
  2. ^ a b "CAS Common Chemistry".
  3. ^ a b c d "Potassium asparaginate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  4. ^ "37707-20-3 | L-Asparagine, potassium salt (1:1)". www.a2bchem.com.
  5. ^ https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID00191144
  6. ^ a b Heaton AL, Armentrout PB (2008). "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Potassium Cation Interactions with the Acidic Amino Acids and Their Amide Derivatives". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 112 (38): 12056–12065. doi:10.1021/jp802427n. PMID 18729510.
  7. ^ Shimazaki Y, Takani M, Yamauchi O (2009). "Metal complexes of amino acids and amino acid side chain groups. Structures and properties". Dalton Transactions (38): 7854–7869. doi:10.1039/B905871K. PMID 19771344.
  8. ^ "Potassium magnesium asparaginate". Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Potassium magnesium asparaginate". Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  10. ^ "Вплив сироваткового вмісту магнію та калію на розвиток інсульту та гострого інфаркту міокарда: чи є можливість запобігти?". Ukrainian Medical Journal. 164 (4). 2024. doi:10.32471/umj.1680-3051.164.257656.
  11. ^ a b c "NCATS Inxight Drugs — POTASSIUM ASPARAGINATE". drugs.ncats.io.
  12. ^ a b Amirthakumar C, Valarmathi B, Chakkaravarthi G, Kumar RM (9 October 2020). "Synthesis, structural, crystal growth, electrical and mechanical properties of potassium 4-methyl benzene sulphonate". Bulletin of Materials Science. 43. doi:10.1007/s12034-020-02241-0.
  13. ^ Ribeiro RF, Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo JA, Giebink NC, Xiong W, Yuen-Zhou J (17 June 2021). "Enhanced optical nonlinearities under collective strong light-matter coupling". Physical Review A. 103 (6): 063111. arXiv:2006.08519. Bibcode:2021PhRvA.103f3111R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.103.063111.