Pope Sergius IV (died 12 May 1012) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 31 July 1009 to his death. His temporal power was eclipsed by the patrician John Crescentius. Sergius IV may have called for the expulsion of Muslims from the Holy Land, but this is disputed. Since his time, the practice that the person who has been elected to the office of pope takes on a new name became a tradition.[1]
Early life
Pietro Martino Buccaporci was born in Rome in the "Pina" district, at an unknown date, the son of Peter the Shoemaker and Stephania.[2]Buccaporci ("Pig's snout") was neither his birth name nor the name of his family, but apparently a nickname given to him because of his personal habits.[3]
The power held by Sergius IV was small and often overshadowed by the patrician, John Crescentius, the ruler of the city of Rome at the time. With the help of Crescentius, Sergius resisted the attempts of Emperor Otto III to establish control over Rome. Sergius IV acted to relieve famine in the city, and he exempted several monasteries from episcopal rule.[5]
A papal bull calling for Muslims to be driven from the Holy Land after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was destroyed in 1009 by the Fatimidcaliphal-Hakim bi-Amr Allah has been attributed to Sergius IV, although its authenticity has long been a matter of debate.[7]Carl Erdmann considered it genuine,[8] but it was rejected at length by Aleksander Gieysztor, who suggested that it was actually invented around the time of the First Crusade in order to help justify that expedition to Jerusalem.[9] Subsequently, Hans Martin Schaller has argued for the document's authenticity.[10]
Sergius died on 12 May 1012 and was buried in the Basilica of St. John Lateran.[5] Although not canonized, Sergius is sometimes venerated as a saint by the Benedictines of which he was a member.[11] There was some suspicion that he was murdered, as he died within a week of Crescentius, considered by many to have been his patron.[12] Sergius was followed in the papacy by Benedict VIII.[13]
^Hans Martin Schaller (1991), 'Zur Kreuzzugensyklika Papst Sergius' IV.', in: Papsttum, Kirche und Recht im Mittelalter. Festschrift für Horst Fuhrmann zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. Hubert Mordek (Tubingen 1991), 135–153 (in German).
^Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI, (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 168.
Duchesne Louis, ed. (1892). Le Liber Pontificalis (in Latin and French). Paris: E. De Boccard. p. 267.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Sergius IV". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
