Polychaos dubium

Polychaos dubium
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Amoebozoa
Class:
Tubulinea
Order:
Tubulinida
Family:
Amoebidae
Genus:
Polychaos
Species:
P. dubium
Binomial name
Polychaos dubium
(Schaeffer, 1916) Schaeffer, 1926[1]
Synonyms
  • Amoeba dubia Schaeffer, 1916[2]
  • Polychaos dubia Schaeffer, 1926

Polychaos dubium is a freshwater amoeboid and one of the larger species of single-celled eukaryote. Like other amoebozoans, P. dubium moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopods. P. dubium reportedly has one of the largest genome size of any organism known,[3] though the authors of a 2004 study suggest treating that measurement with caution.[4]

Polychaos dubium was previously known as Amoeba dubia.[2] The author who named the species later recognized it as different from species of Amoeba, and so designated it the type species of the genus Polychaos.[1] Unlike species of Amoeba, P. dubium lacks longitudinal ridges on its pseudopods.[5]

Physical characteristics

A few characteristics distinguish Polychaos dubium from other species of Polychaos. The crystals floating in its cytoplasm take the shape of flat bipyramids, flat plates, or clustered platelets. The nucleus is ellipsoid in shape, has granules next to the membrane, and lacks an endosome. The cell is usually polypodal (has many pseudopodia), and the endoplasm and ectoplasm of the cytoplasm are clear.[5] During rapid locomotion, P. dubium may become monopodial (present only one pseudopod),[6] but there are an average of 12 pseudopodia.[7]

Polychaos dubium has one of the largest genomes known for any organism, consisting of 670 billion base pairs or 670 Gbp,[4] which is over 200 times larger than the human genome (3.2 Gbp). The authors of one 2004 study, however, suggest treating that measurement with caution, because it was taken before the advent of modern genomic methods.[4]

Ecology and range

P. dubium inhabits freshwater and is herbivorous,[5] eating algae.[6] Specimens have been collected in North America, and northern Europe.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b Schaeffer, Asa Arthur (1926a). "Taxonomy of the amebas, with descriptions of thirty-nine new marine and freshwater species". Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. 24: 115 pp. 12 plates.
  2. ^ a b Schaeffer, Asa A. (1916). "Notes on the specific and other characters of Amoeba proteusPall. (Leidy), A. discoides spec. nov., and A. dubia spec. nov". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 37: 204–228.
  3. ^ Laura Wegener Parfrey; Daniel J G Lahr; Laura A Katz (April 2008). "The dynamic nature of eukaryotic genomes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (4): 787–94. doi:10.1093/MOLBEV/MSN032. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 2933061. PMID 18258610. Wikidata Q24618570.
  4. ^ a b c Casey L McGrath; Laura A Katz (1 January 2004). "Genome diversity in microbial eukaryotes". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 19 (1): 32–38. doi:10.1016/J.TREE.2003.10.007. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 16701223. Wikidata Q28240254.
  5. ^ a b c Lee, J.J.; Hutner, S.H.; Bovee, E.C., eds. (1985). Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Lawrence, Kansas: Society of Protozoologists. pp. ix + 630 pages.
  6. ^ a b "Polychaos dubium". micro*scope - version 6.0. Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  7. ^ "Polychaos dubium". Protist Information Server. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  8. ^ "Polychaos dubium". Amoebae on the Web. Archived from the original on 2003-05-22. Retrieved 2009-10-01.

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