Male grievance culture is a common feature in mass shooters, according to a study which examined their motivations in the intersection of white entitlement, middle-class instability, and heterosexual masculinity. The study's author, Leigh Paterson, wrote that such murderers may be highly motivated by "white male grievance culture".[18][19]
Demographic change in the United States propelled by immigration has led to an increasing proportion of people with diverse backgrounds, and a decreasing proportion of whites. By 1998, places like Hawaii, Houston, and New York City had no majority race. This trend increased in the 21st century, with several more cities where whites were once the majority, but no longer are. Highly visible advances of certain minorities, such as the first Black president and the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice, also took place in this period.
In some states, state legislators moved to restrict immigration by law. In the field of education, some white elected officials have moved to restrict diversity programs, or the availability of courses in ethnic studies or the impact of race in America, while others have worked at tightening election regulations in order to make it more difficult for members of ethnic minorities to vote, leading to opposing protests, sometimes clashing, between mostly white groups favoring restrictions on immigration and minorities, and by minority groups seeking to hold on to their rights.[21]
Sociologist Bart Bonikowski argues that ethno-nationalist populism is often based on stirring up resentment against "elites, immigrants, and ethnic, racial and religious minorities".[22]
Jason Manning and Bradley Campbell draw on the work of sociologist Donald Black on conflict and on cross-cultural studies of conflict and morality to argue that the contemporary culture wars resemble tactics described by scholars in which an aggrieved party or group seeks the support of third parties. They argue that grievance-based conflicts have led to large-scale moral change in which an emergent victimhood culture is clashing with and replacing older honor and dignity cultures.[23]
Political commentator E. J. Dionne has written that culture war is an electoral technique to exploit differences and grievances, remarking that the real cultural division is "between those who want to have a culture war and those who don't."[24]
Alternatively, authors such as Helen Pluckrose, Peter Bhoggoshian and James Lindsay have argued that the politics of resentment largely originate from the political left, with the contemporary conservative response being a reaction to it.[citation needed]
^Betz, Hans-Georg (1990). "Politics of Resentment: Right-Wing Radicalism in West Germany". Comparative Politics. 23 (1): 45–60. doi:10.2307/422304. ISSN0010-4159. JSTOR422304.
^Betz, Hans-Georg (1993). "The New Politics of Resentment: Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe". Comparative Politics. 25 (4): 413–427. doi:10.2307/422034. ISSN0010-4159. JSTOR422034.
^Cramer, Katherine J. (2016). The Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of Scott Walker. University of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-34925-1.
^Dudas, Jeffrey R. (2005). "In the Name of Equal Rights: "Special" Rights and the Politics of Resentment in Post-Civil Rights America". Law & Society Review. 39 (4): 723–758. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2005.00243.x.
^Engels, Jeremy (2010). "The Politics of Resentment and the Tyranny of the Minority: Rethinking Victimage for Resentful Times". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 40 (4): 303–325. doi:10.1080/02773941003785652. S2CID144812968.
^Engels, Jeremy (2015). The Politics of Resentment: A Genealogy. Penn State Press. ISBN978-0-271-07198-5.
^Fukuyama, Francis (2018). Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN978-0-374-71748-3.
^Hoggett, Paul; Wilkinson, Hen; Beedell, Pheobe (2013). "Fairness and the Politics of Resentment". Journal of Social Policy. 42 (3): 567–585. doi:10.1017/S0047279413000056. S2CID144345770.
^Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (2008). "What Unites Right-Wing Populists in Western Europe?: Re-Examining Grievance Mobilization Models in Seven Successful Cases". Comparative Political Studies. 41 (1): 3–23. doi:10.1177/0010414006294168. S2CID154283877.
^Jacobs, David; Tope, Daniel (2007). "The Politics of Resentment in the Post–Civil Rights Era: Minority Threat, Homicide, and Ideological Voting in Congress". American Journal of Sociology. 112 (5): 1458–1494. doi:10.1086/511804. S2CID145514488.
^McCarthy, Cameron; Dimitriadis, Greg (2000). "Governmentality and the Sociology of Education: Media, educational policy and the politics of resentment". British Journal of Sociology of Education. 21 (2): 169–185. doi:10.1080/713655350. S2CID144853903.
^Nord, Philip G. (2005). The Politics Of Resentment: Shopkeeper Protest In Nineteenth-century Paris. Transaction Publishers. ISBN978-1-4128-3843-6.
^Wells, Karen; Watson, Sophie (2005). "A politics of resentment: Shopkeepers in a London neighbourhood". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 28 (2): 261–277. doi:10.1080/01419870420000315843. S2CID144285129.
^Campbell, Bradley; Manning, Jason (2014). "Microaggression and Moral Cultures". Comparative Sociology. 13 (6): 692–726. doi:10.1163/15691330-12341332.