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The Politics of Thuringia takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Thuringia. The four main parties, following the 2024 elections, are the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), the centre-right Christian Democratic Union, the populist left Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW), and the left-wing Left Party.^[1]

Every five years, all Germans residing in the State over the age of 18 elect the members of the Landtag of Thuringia. This regional parliament or legislature then elects the Minister-President and confirms the cabinet members.^[2]

The Alternative for Germany (AfD) is currently largest party in the Landtag following the 2024 Thuringian state election.^{[citation needed]}

Thuringia is notable for being the first and only state in Germany where The Left (Die Linke) and the Alternative for Germany (AfD) have seen its first-ever first place finish in a state election. Die Linke in 2019 and the AfD in 2024.^{[citation needed]}

Thuringia in 1930 saw the first Nazi to hold a ministerial-level post at any level in Germany, with Wilhelm Frick as state Minister of the Interior.^{[citation needed]}

1. 1990 - 1992: Karl Steinhoff (CDU)
2. 1992 - 2003: Bernhard Vogel (CDU)
3. 2003 - 2009: Dieter Althaus (CDU)
4. 2009 - 2014: Christine Lieberknecht (CDU)
5. 2014 - 2020: Bodo Ramelow (Left)
6. 2020: Thomas Kemmerich (FDP)
7. 2020 - 2024: Bodo Ramelow (Left)
8. Since 2024: Mario Voigt (CDU)

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  1990 Thuringian state election
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  1994 Thuringian state election
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  1999 Thuringian state election
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  2004 Thuringian state election
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  2009 Thuringian state election
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  2014 Thuringian state election
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  2019 Thuringian state election
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  2024 Thuringian state election

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  1990 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU
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  1994 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU, Red is SPD
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  1999 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU
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  2004 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU, Pink is Left
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  2009 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU, Pink is Left, Red is SPD
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  2014 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU, Pink is Left, Red is SPD
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  2019 Thuringian state election - Black is CDU, Blue is AfD, Pink is Left, Red is SPD
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  2024 Thuringian state election - Blue is AfD, Black is CDU, Pink is Left

• Landtag of Thuringia
• 1990 Thuringian state election
• 1994 Thuringian state election
• 1999 Thuringian state election
• 2004 Thuringia state election
• 2009 Thuringia state election
• 2014 Thuringian state election
• 2019 Thuringian state election
• 2024 Thuringian state election
• New states of Germany
• Politics of East Germany