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Plantago stauntonii
	Habit of Plantago stauntonii, photographed on Île Amsterdam
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Plantaginaceae
Genus:	Plantago
Species:	P. stauntonii
Binomial name
	Plantago stauntonii; Staunton (1871)

Plantago stauntonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul in the French southern territories. Sir Heinrich Wilhelm Reichardt described P. stauntonii in 1871, naming it after Sir George Leonard Staunton, who collected specimens of it in 1793.

Taxonomy and etymology

Plantago stauntonii is in the plant family Plantaginaceae. It was first described by Heinrich Wilhelm Reichardt in 1871 based on specimens collected by Anton Jelinek in Île Saint-Paul and George Staunton on Île Amsterdam.^[2]^[1]

The specific epithet honors Sir George Leonard Staunton, 1st Baronet (1737 – 1801), an Anglo-Irish botanist who visited Île Amsterdam in February 1793,^[1] when he collected specimens of this species.^[3]

At the time of its description, Reichardt likened P. stauntonii to P. aucklandica from the subantarctic Auckland Islands, New Zealand, and other subantarctic and South American species.^[2] The similarities between different oceanic island species of Plantago may be caused by similar environmental stresses rather than shared ancestry.^[4]^[5]

Distribution and habitat

Plantago stauntonii is a plantain that is endemic to Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul, French southern territories, in the Indian Ocean,^[2] where it is found on eroded ridges in fellfield at higher elevations, and occasionally at lower elevations.^[3]

Phylogeny

In molecular phylogenetic studies focusing on Plantago species throughout the world, Plantago stauntonii was shown to be related to Plantago hedleyi (which is endemic to Lord Howe Island, Australia) and Plantago aucklandica (which is endemic to the subantarctic Auckland Islands, New Zealand).^[6]^[7]

Conservation status

Plantago stauntonii is considered to be a "Restricted range species" due to its entire distribution being restricted to the French southern territories.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Váňas, Jíři; Ochyra, Ryszard; Lebouvier, Marc; Cykowska, Beata (2014-10-01). "Bryophytes of Île Amsterdam in the South Indian Ocean: 1. Liverworts". Cryptogamie, Bryologie. 35 (4): 335–371. doi:10.7872/CRYB.V35.ISS4.2014.335.
^ ^a ^b ^c Reichardt, Heinrich Wilhelm (1871-01-01). "Ueber die Flora der Insel St. Paul im indischen Ocean". Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien (in German).
^ ^a ^b "La flore de l'île Amsterdam, état des lieux des connaissances". Société botanique d'occitanie (in French). Retrieved 2024-01-13.
^ Rahn, Knud (1996-02-01). "A phylogenetic study of the Plantaginaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 120 (2): 145–198. doi:10.1111/J.1095-8339.1996.TB00484.X.
^ Pilger, R (1937). Engler, A (ed.). "Plantaginaceae". Das Pflanzenreich. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann: 1–466.
^ Hassemer, Gustavo; Bruun-Lund, Sam; Shipunov, Aleksey Borisovich; Briggs, Barbara G.; Meudt, Heidi; Rønsted, Nina (2019-05-18). "The application of high-throughput sequencing for taxonomy: The case of Plantago subg. Plantago (Plantaginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 138: 156–173. doi:10.1016/J.YMPEV.2019.05.013. PMID 31112781.
^ Ahlstrand, Natalie Iwanycki; Verstraete, Brecht; Hassemer, Gustavo; Dunbar-Co, S.; Hoggard, R.; Meudt, Heidi; Rønsted, Nina (2019-03-15). "Ancestral range reconstruction of remote oceanic island species of Plantago (Plantaginaceae) reveals differing scales and modes of dispersal". Journal of Biogeography. 46 (4): 706–722. doi:10.1111/JBI.13525. PMC 6559316. PMID 31217659.
^ Azam, Claire-Sophie; Marteau, Cédric; Piton, Vincent; Borot, Cynthia; Tixier, Paul (2017). Regional ecosystem profile – Polar and Sub-polar Region. EU Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF). BEST, Service contract 07.0307.2013/666363/SER/B2, European Commission.