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Plagiorhynchidae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Acanthocephala
Class:	Palaeacanthocephala
Order:	Polymorphida
Family:	Plagiorhynchidae; Golvan, 1960

Plagiorhynchidae is a family of parasitic Acanthocephalan worms.

Species

Genera in Plagiorhynchidae are divided into three subfamilies: Plagiorhynchinae, Porrorchinae, and Sphaerechinorhynchinae.^[1]^[a]

Plagiorhynchinae Meyer, 1931

Paralueheia

ParalueheiaSaxena & Gupta, 2008 contains only one species, Paralueheia guptai Saxena & Gupta, 2008

Plagiorhynchus

Species in Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 are divided into two subgenera: Plagiorhynchus and Prosthorhynchus.^[2]

Plagiorhynchus allisonae Smales, 2002
Plagiorhynchus aznari^[3]

P. aznari was found infesting a long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico.^[3]

Plagiorhynchus charadrii Yamaguti, 1939)
Plagiorhynchus charadriicola Dollfus, 1953)
Plagiorhynchus crassicollis Villot, 1875)
Plagiorhynchus freitasi Vicente, 1977
Plagiorhynchus karachiensis Muti-ur-Rahman, Khan, Khatoon and Bilqees, 2008
Plagiorhynchus lemnisalis Belopolskaya, 1958
Plagiorhynchus linearis Westrumb, 1821)
Plagiorhynchus menurae Johnston, 1912)
Plagiorhynchus odhneri Lundström, 1942
Plagiorhynchus paulus Van Cleave and Williams, 1950
Plagiorhynchus pigmentatus de Marval, 1902)
Plagiorhynchus ponticus Lisitsyna, 1992
Plagiorhynchus rectus Linton, 1892)
Plagiorhynchus rosai Porta, 1910)
Plagiorhynchus rostratus de Marval, 1902)
Plagiorhynchus totani Porta, 1910)
Plagiorhynchus urichi Cameron, 1936)

Prosthorhynchus

Prosthorhynchus Kostylew, 1915 contains many species:

Plagiorhynchus angrensis Travassos, 1926)
Plagiorhynchus asturi Gupta and Lata, 1967)
Plagiorhynchus asymmetricus Belopolskaya, 1983)
Plagiorhynchus bullocki Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
Plagiorhynchus cossyphicola Smales, 2010
Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus Goeze, 1782)

P. cylindraceus was found infesting the Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) in central Chile.^[4] Janice Moore^[5] discovered P. cylindraceus to be a parasite that infects an intermediate host, the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare, which alters its behavior and becomes more susceptible to P. cylindraceus' primary host, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris).

Plagiorhynchus deysarkari Bhattacharya, 2002
Plagiorhynchus digiticephalus Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
Plagiorhynchus gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953)
Plagiorhynchus genitopapillatus Lundström, 1942)
Plagiorhynchus golvani Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
Plagiorhynchus gracilis Petrochenko, 1958)
Plagiorhynchus kuntzi Gupta and Fatma, 1988
Plagiorhynchus limnobaeni Tubangui, 1933)
Plagiorhynchus longirostris Travassos, 1926)
Plagiorhynchus luehei Travassos, 1916)
Plagiorhynchus malayensis Tubangui, 1935)
Plagiorhynchus megareceptaclis Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
Plagiorhynchus nicobarensis Soota and Kansal, 1970)
Plagiorhynchus ogatai Fukui and Morisita, 1936)
Plagiorhynchus pittarum Tubangui, 1935)
Plagiorhynchus reticulatus Westrumb, 1821)
Plagiorhynchus rheae de Marval, 1902)
Plagiorhynchus rossicus Kostylew, 1915)
Plagiorhynchus russelli Tadros, 1970
Plagiorhynchus schmidti Golvan, 1994)
Plagiorhynchus scolopacidis Kostylew, 1915)
Plagiorhynchus transversus Rudolphi, 1819)
Plagiorhynchus varispinus Wang, 1966)

Porrorchinae Golvan, 1956

Lueheia

Lueheia Travassos, 1919 contains several species:

Lueheia adlueheia (Werby, 1938)
Lueheia cajabambensis Machado-Filho and Ibanez, 1967
Lueheia inscripta (Westrumb, 1821)

L. inscripta was found infesting the Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) in central Chile.^[4] It has also been found in the Puerto Rican lizard Anolis cristatellus.^[6]

Lueheia karachiensis Khan, Bilqees and Muti-ur-Rahman, 2005
Lueheia lueheia Travassos, 1919

Oligoterorhynchus

Oligoterorhynchus Monticelli, 1914 contains one species: Oligoterorhynchus campylurus (Nitzsch, 1857)

Owilfordia

Owilfordia Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967 contains three species.

Owilfordia olseni Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
Owilfordia schmidti Gupta and Fatma, 1988
Owilfordia teliger (Van Cleave, 1949)

Porrorchis

Porrorchis Fukui, 1929 contains many species.

Porrorchis aruensis Smales, 2010
Porrorchis bazae (Southwell and Macfie, 1925)
Porrorchis brevicanthus (Das, 1949)
Porrorchis centropi (Porta, 1910)
Porrorchis centropusi (Tubangui, 1933)
Porrorchis chauhani Gupta and Fatma, 1986
Porrorchis crocidurai Gupta and Fatma, 1986
Porrorchis elongatus Fukui, 1929
Porrorchis heckmanni Bilqees, Khan, Khatoon and Khatoon, 2007
Porrorchis herpistis Bhattacharya, 2007
Porrorchis houdemeri (Joyeux and Baer, 1935)
Porrorchis hydromuris (Edmonds, 1957)
Porrorchis hylae (Johnston, 1914)
Porrorchis indicus (Das, 1957)
Porrorchis jonesae Muti-ur-Rahman, Khan, Khatoon and Bilqees, 2010
Porrorchis keralensis George and Nadakal, 1984
Porrorchis kinsellai Lisitsyna, Tkach and Bush, 2012
Porrorchis leibyi Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
Porrorchis maxvachoni (Golvan and Brygoo, 1965)
Porrorchis nickoli Salgado-Maldonado and Cruz-Reyes, 2002
Porrorchis oti Yamaguti, 1939
Porrorchis rotundatus (von Linstow, 1897)
Porrorchis tyto Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008

Pseudogordiorhynchus

Golvan, 1957

Pseudogordiorhynchus antonmeyeri Golvan, 1957

Pseudolueheia

Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967

Pseudolueheia arunachalensis Bhattacharya, 2007
Pseudolueheia boreotis (Van Cleave and Williams, 1951)
Pseudolueheia korathai Gupta and Fatma, 1988
Pseudolueheia pittae Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
Pseudolueheia tongsoni Salcedo and Celis, 2007

Sphaerechinorhynchinae Golvan, 1956

Sphaerechinorhynchus

Johnston, 1929

Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus Amin, Wongsawad, Marayong, Saehoong, Suwattanacoupt and Say, 1998

S. macropisthospinus has been found in the intestine of the tiger (Panthera tigris) and a water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Vietnam.^[7]

Sphaerechinorhynchus maximesospinus Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
Sphaerechinorhynchus ophiograndis Bolette, 1997
Sphaerechinorhynchus rotundocapitatus (Johnston, 1912)
Sphaerechinorhynchus serpenticola Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966

Hosts

Plagiorhynchidae species parasitize a variety of hosts.

Hosts for Plagiorhynchidae species
The Long-billed curlew is a hosts of Plagiorhynchus aznari
The Austral thrush is a hosts of Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus and Lueheia inscripta
The Tiger is a hosts of Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus
The Asian water monitor is a hosts of Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus

Notes

^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References

^ "ITIS - Report: Plagiorhynchidae".
^ "ITIS - Report: Plagiorhynchus".
^ ^a ^b García-Varela, M.; Park, J.-K.; Hernández-Orts, J.S.; Pinacho-Pinacho, C.D. (2020). "Morphological and molecular data on a new species of Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae) from the long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico". Journal of Helminthology. 94: e61. doi:10.1017/S0022149X19000543. PMID 31328706. S2CID 198135203.
^ ^a ^b Llanos-Soto, Sebastián; Córdoba, Mabel; Moreno, Lucila; Kinsella, John Mike; Mironov, Sergey; Cicchino, Armando; Barrientos, Carlos; Martín-Ordenes, Julio San; González-Acuña, Daniel (July 2019). "External and intestinal parasites of the Austral thrush Turdus falcklandii (Aves, Turdidae) in central Chile". Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária. 28 (3): 432–442. doi:10.1590/s1984-29612019067. hdl:11336/120173. PMID 31531671.
^ Moore, Janice (October 1983). "Responses of an Avian Predator and Its Isopod Prey to an Acanthocephalan Parasite". Ecology. 64 (5): 1000–1015. doi:10.2307/1937807. JSTOR 1937807.
^ Hailey, Adrian (21 November 2019). "Anolis cristatellus (Puerto Rican crested anole)". Invasive Species Compendium. CAB International. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
^ Amin, Omar M.; Ha, Ngyuen Van; Heckmann, Richard A. (2008). "New and Already Known Acanthocephalans Mostly from Mammals in Vietnam, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Species in Archiacanthocephala". Journal of Parasitology. 94 (1): 194–201. doi:10.1645/GE-1394.1. PMID 18372641. S2CID 7767259.