Phú Yên formerly belonged to Champa territory as Ayaru, a part of Kauthara polity.
In 1611, Nguyen Hoang sent his general Van Phong to attack Ayaru. Champa failed and Nguyen Hoang annexed Ayaru into Dang Trong and he named it Phú Yên, which means a prosperous and peaceful land.
Geography
Phú Yên province contains two passes: Cù Mông pass in the north and Cả pass in the south.
The province's topography consists of hilly regions in the west (70%) and the fertile plain of Tuy Hòa in the east. Lowlands also extend west along Đà Rằng River.[4] The highest peaks are at 1,592 m on the border of Khánh Hòa province in the south and at 1,331 m in the northwest (Đồng Xuân District).[5] There are several hills near the coast, including Mô Cheo (Núi Mô Cheo, 814 m) in Sông Cầu and Đá Bia (Núi Đá Bia, 706 m) near Đại Lãnh in Đông Hòa District.[5]
The main rivers that flow across Phú Yên are the Đà Rằng River (the largest river in Central Vietnam), Bàn Thạch River and Kỳ Lộ River. Sông Hinh Lake, a large artificial lake, is located in the southwest of the province.[4]
Phú Yên has various picturesque landscapes, such as the Ô Loan Lagoon, Sông Cầu coconut ranges, Đá Bia and Nhạn mountains, Rô Bay, Xep Beach, and Long Thủy Beach.
They are further subdivided into eight commune-level towns (or townlets), 88 communes, and 16 wards.
Demography
As of 2007 Phú Yên has a population of 880,700. It has a relatively small urban population (178,600), making up 20% of the province's population. With 174 people per square kilometer, it is also one of the least densely populated provinces of the South Central Coast.[6] Population density is relatively high (exceeding 500/km2) along the lower Đà Rằng River, but is lower than 50/km2 in much of the western part of the province.[4] Average yearly population growth between 2000 and 2007 has been 1.3%, close to the regional average.[7] Urban population growth has been faster with 2.2% per year on average.[7]
With a GDP per capita of 8.43 million VND[7] in 2007 and a relatively small industrial sector, Phú Yên is one of the less developed provinces of the South Central Coast.
Phú Yên has had a trade deficit. In 2007, it exported goods worth US$72.7 million while importing goods worth US$116.25 million, mainly fuel, raw materials, machinery, and medical goods.[6]
Total employment was at 482,800 in 2007. The vast majority (361,400) are still employed in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. 45,600 people were employed in industry and construction and 75,800 in the service sector. Both industry and service have shown little employment growth between 2005 and 2007. Service employment has actually declined significantly since 2000.[6]
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
The main agricultural regions of the province are the plains around Tuy Hòa and the lowlands along the Đà Rằng River.[4] In 2007 the rice harvest was 321,800 t.[6] It is the South Central Coast's largest producer of sugar-cane with a harvest of 1.051 million t (6% of Vietnam's total harvest). Cultivation of cotton and tobacco is also significant, with 800 t (5% of the national total) and 700 t (2.2%) respectively.[7] Other crops include peanuts, cashew nuts, pepper, and coffee.[6]
Phú Yên has a relatively large fishing sector. Its gross output is the third largest in the South Central Coast after Khánh Hòa province and Bình Định province.[6] Aquaculture, mostly shrimp farms, make up around one third of the fishing output, while using 2300 ha.[6]
Industry
Phú Yên is one of the less industrialized provinces of the South Central Coast. Its industrial production is mostly based on the processing of local primary products such as fish, shrimp, cashew nuts and sugar. The province also produces mineral water, beer, garments, and cement.[6] Industrial parks are located in the north of Tuy Hòa and Sông Cầu, near Qui Nhơn.[4]
The province is zoning and developing a large economic zone, namely the Nam Phú Yên Economic Zone in southern Đông Hòa District.[4] Upon completion, it will become an oil-refining hub in Vietnam and potentially provide high profits for the province.[citation needed]
The province has a port around 28 km south of Tuy Hòa, namely Vũng Rô Port (Vietnamese: Cảng Vũng Rô).[9]
Energy
A hydropower plant is located in Sông Hinh District in the southwest of Phú Yên.[4] It is built on the Hinh River, a major tributary of the Đà Rằng River and which created a lake of the same name (Sông Hinh Lake, meaning River Hinh Lake). Phú Yên produced 379.9 million kWh of electricity in 2007.[6]
^ abcdefgAtlat Dia li Viet Nam (Geographical Atlas of Vietnam). NXB Giao Duc, Hanoi: 2010
^ abcViet Nam Administrative Atlas. Cartographic Publishing House, Hanoi 2010
^ abcdefghiGeneral Statistics Office (2009): Socio-economic Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities, Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
^ abcdcalculations based on General Statistics Office (2009): Socio-economical Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
^ abGeneral Statistics Office (1996): Population Data of Sparsely Populated Areas in Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
^ abVietnam Road Atlas (Tập Bản đồ Giao thông Đường bộ Việt Nam). Cartographic Publishing House (Vietnam), 2004
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