Phyteuma orbiculare

Phyteuma orbiculare
Plant of Phyteuma orbiculare
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Genus: Phyteuma
Species:
P. orbiculare
Binomial name
Phyteuma orbiculare
L., 1753
Synonyms
  • Rapunculus orbicularis (L.) Mill. (1768)
  • Phyteuma tenerum[1]

Phyteuma orbiculare, common name round-headed rampion[2] or Pride of Sussex,[3] is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Phyteuma belonging to the family Campanulaceae.

Description

Close-up of flowers of Phyteuma orbiculare

Phyteuma orbiculare reaches on average 20–50 centimetres (7.9–19.7 in) of height. A deep blue, almost purple wildflower that is not as it seems: each head, rather than being a single bloom, is actually a collection of smaller ones, huddled together.[2]

The stem is erect, simple, glabrous and striated, the leaves vary in shape on a single plant, with larger, broader, ovate to lanceolate, serrated, petiolated leaves at the base of the stem and smaller, narrower, lanceolate to linear cauline leaves. The head-shaped inflorescence is a dense erect panicle of about 1.5–3 centimetres (0.59–1.18 in) of diameter, with usually 15 to 30 flowers. The petals are blue or violet-blue and form small tubes with an opening at the top. The outer bracts are lanceolate and usually two to four times longer than wide. The flowering period extends from May to August. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small seeds.

Distribution

This plant is widespread in most of Europe from the Pyrenees to the Balkans. The plant can be found at low altitudes in Western Europe and in mountains of Central Europe.[4] In the United Kingdom, the plant is more common on the South Downs than anywhere else.[2]

Habitat

This species grows mainly in grasslands, meadows, pasturelands, and pine forests. It prefers full sun exposure on calcareous soils, at an altitude of 600–2,400 metres (2,000–7,900 ft) above sea level. In the UK, its habitat is chalk grassland.[2]

Subspecies

  • Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. flexuosum R. Schulz
  • Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. montanum R. Schultz
  • Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. orbiculare

Culture

The round-headed rampion is known colloquially in the county of Sussex, England as the Pride of Sussex. It is also the County flower of Sussex.[5] As Sussex's county flower, its name was chosen for the Rampion Wind Farm, a wind farm off the coast of Sussex.[6]

References

  1. ^ "Phyteuma tenerum Rich.Schulz". Kew Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d "Round-headed rampion". Plant Life. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  3. ^ "Five Fascinating Facts about . . . Ditchling Beacon". Sussex Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  4. ^ "Phyteuma orbiculare (Round-headed Rampion) - Summary". Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora.
  5. ^ Plantlife website County Flowers page Archived 2015-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Rampion Offshore Wind Farm Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), February 2012" (PDF). E.ON. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
  • Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, Vol. II, pag. 703
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