People's Progressive Party (The Gambia)

People's Progressive Party
LeaderKebba E. Jallow
Founded1959
IdeologyThird Way
Agrarianism
Political positionCentre[1] to centre-left[2]
National Assembly
0 / 58
Website
pppthegambia.com

The People's Progressive Party is a political party in the Gambia.[3] It was the dominant ruling party of the House of Representatives and the presidency from 1962 to 1994.[4] The president throughout this time period was Dawda Jawara. The People's Progressive Party lost power after the 1994 Gambian coup d'état, a military coup led by young, junior military officers.[5] The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) then became the dominant party of the Gambia.[6] The People's Progressive Party remains active, but lacking the same level of support it garnered in the 20th century.[7]

History

The party was founded in 1959 as the Protectorate People's Party (PPP) and was later changed to the People's Progressive Party.[8] The party won the 1962 general election, and in October 1963, upon the attainment of self-government, their leader, Dawda Jawara, became Prime Minister of the Gambia.[9] With the republican referendum in 1970, Jawara became the first President of the Gambia.[10]

The 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt was an attempt to overthrow the incumbent government when the PPP was in power. It was a civilian-led coup attempt with some support from the Gambia Field Force. The death toll is debated, being anywhere from 500 to 1,000 lives lost.[11][12] The coup was put down by Senegalese intervention and as a result, Senegal and the Gambia formed the Senegambia Confederation.[11]

The People's Progressive Party lost political power following the 1994 Gambian coup d'état.[13] The coup was carried out by military officers in the Gambian National Army (GNA).[11] It was a bloodless coup that managed to overthrow Dawda Jawara.[13] The Gambia was ruled militarily until 1996 when Yahya Jammeh was elected as president with the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) as his party.[11] The subsequent National Assembly elections brought even more power to the APRC, winning 33 out of the 45 seats.[11]

The People's Progressive Party was banned by the APRC in all subsequent elections; however, it has joined with other opposition parties to form political coalitions.[11] In 2005, the PPP joined the opposition coalition National Alliance for Democracy and Development (NADD).[14] Then for the 2016 presidential election, PPP joined the Coalition 2016, where Adama Barrow was declared the coalition's candidate and subsequently won.[15]

Ideology

The People's Progressive Party was created by rural populations as a reaction against urban areas exerting control over the political arena post-colonialism.[16]

The People's Progressive Party's website currently states, "The PPP believes that a less pervasive and intrusive government as opposed to the current over-centralized and authoritarian regime is necessary in order to release the creative energies of the Gambian people and to encourage wider social, economic, and political inclusion. Our party intends to reduce the power of government and return to grassroots democracy."[17]

Opposition

Throughout the People's Progressive Party's period in Gambian national spotlight, there were times of growing discontent with the government.[18] Not only did opposition candidates stem from that discontent, but many opposition parties were created to run against the PPP.[18]

National Convention Party (NCP)

The National Convention Party (NCP) was an opposition party to the PPP launched on September 7, 1975.[11] The leader of the party at the time was Sheriff M. Dibba, the former first Vice-President of the Gambia. After a political scandal, he resigned as Vice-President in 1972 and later founded the NCP.[11]

The 1981 Gambian coup d'état was led by a former NCP candidate. Members of the People's Progressive Party suspected that the NCP was in support of the coup attempt and subsequently, many members of the NCP were arrested.[11]

In the 1987 elections, the NCP won five seats in the legislature. Though Dawda Jawara won the presidential election, Dibba, the presidential candidate from the NCP, won 28% of the vote. Then in 1992, the NCP won six seats in the legislature.[11]

Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC)

The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) is a political party formed after the 1994 coup d'état. The ideology that led to the coup was discontent with the PPP; alleged corruption and a lack of economic development over time.[11][19] The main figure that dominated the APRC was Yahya Jammeh, who became president in 1996 and served until the 2016 Gambian presidential election.[20] Under Jammeh and the APRC's rule, there were numerous reports of human rights abuses and suppression of the media.[20]

Notable members

Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara

Dawda Jawara, president of the Gambia from 1970 to 1994 and a member of the PPP.

Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara served as the leader of the People's Progressive Party from 1959 until 1994 when he was overthrown.[9] He is responsible for changing the name of the party from the Protectorate People's Party to the People's Progressive Party.[9] Before serving as president for the Gambia he was elected into the legislature in 1960. During this time, he also served as the minister of education. He later became the prime minister of the Gambia in 1962 and was knighted in 1966, following independence.[9] Upon the creation of a new constitution in 1970, Jawara became the president and served until the 1994 Gambian coup d'état.[21]

Following the coup, Jawara was exiled and lived in Senegal and later London. He was later given amnesty but was not given the right to participate in the Gambian political arena.[9] He formally resigned as PPP leader in 2002.[22]

Omar Jallow, former leader of the PPP (2001-2018).

Jawara died on August 27, 2019, at 95 years old.[9]

Omar A. Jallow

Omar A. Jallow succeeded Jawara as leader of the People's Progressive Party. He was a member of Dawda Jawara's cabinet up until the 1994 coup d'état, when he was arrested. Under the Jammeh administration, he was reportedly jailed over 22 times.[23]

After Jammeh was not re-elected following the 2016 Gambian presidential election, Jallow was appointed the minister of agriculture as he was in the Jawara administration.[23]

At the 2018 national convention, the party's first since its ban was lifted, Jallow stepped down as leader. Papa Njie was elected in his place.[24] In 2020, Njie was appointed as the Gambian High Commissioner to Nigeria. Kebba E. Jallow then became interim leader,[25] and was elected as leader at the party's 2021 national convention.[26]

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election Party candidate Votes % Result
1982 Dawda Jawara 137,020 72.44% Elected Green tickY
1987 123,385 59.18% Elected Green tickY
1992 117,549 58.48% Elected Green tickY

National Assembly elections

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Position
1960 Dawda Jawara 25,490 36.9%
9 / 19
 New Increase 2nd Opposition
1962 56,343 57.7%
18 / 32
 Increase 9 Increase 1st Majority
1966 81,313 65.3%
24 / 32
 Increase 6 Steady 1st Majority
1972 65,388 63.0%
28 / 32
 Increase 4 Steady 1st Majority
1977 123,297 69.6%
29 / 35
 Increase 1 Steady 1st Majority
1982 102,545 61.7%
27 / 35
 Decrease 2 Steady 1st Majority
1987 119,248 56.4%
31 / 36
 Increase 4 Steady 1st Majority
1992 109,059 54.3%
25 / 36
 Decrease 6 Steady 1st Majority
1997
2002
2007
2012 		Omar Jallow Banned
0 / 49
 Decrease 25 Extra-parliamentary
2017 9,503 2.5%
2 / 58
 Increase 2 Increase 6th Coalition
(UDP-NRP-PPP)
2022 Kebba E. Jallow 1,168 0.2%
0 / 58
 Decrease 2 Decrease 10th Extra-parliamentary

References

  1. ^ Derbyshire, J. Denis; Derbyshire, Ian (1990). Political Systems Of The World. Allied Publishers. p. 115. ISBN 9788170233077. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  2. ^ "Opposition win majority of seats in General Election". Trade Bridge Consultants. 10 April 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  3. ^ Hughes, Arnold (1975). "From Green Uprising to National Reconciliation: The People's Progressive Party in the Gambia 1959-1973". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 9 (1): 61–74. doi:10.2307/484012. ISSN 0008-3968. JSTOR 484012.
  4. ^ Edie, Carlene J. (2000-03-01). "Democracy in The Gambia: Past, Present and Prospects for the Future". Africa Development. 25 (3): 161–198. doi:10.4314/ad.v25i3.22106. ISSN 0850-3907.
  5. ^ Saine, Abdoulaye S.M. (October 1996). "The Coup d'Etat in The Gambia, 1994: The End of the First Republic". Armed Forces & Society. 23 (1): 97–111. doi:10.1177/0095327x9602300105. ISSN 0095-327X. S2CID 144632866.
  6. ^ "The Gambia - APRC Congress". Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series. 55 (12): 22116B. 2019-01-16. doi:10.1111/j.1467-825x.2019.08624.x. ISSN 0001-9844.
  7. ^ "The Gambia - Government and society". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  8. ^ Hughes, Arnold (1975). "From Green Uprising to National Reconciliation: The People's Progressive Party in the Gambia 1959-1973". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 9 (1): 61–74. doi:10.2307/484012. ISSN 0008-3968. JSTOR 484012.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  10. ^ Bellagamba, Alice (2016). "Solo Darboe, Former Diamond Dealer: Transnational Connections and Home Politics in the Twentieth-Century Gambia". The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective. Berghahn Books. p. 282. ISBN 9781785330698.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Perfect, David (March 2008). "Politics and Society in The Gambia since Independence". History Compass. 6 (2): 426–438. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00513.x. ISSN 1478-0542.
  12. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Information regarding the political situation in The Gambia from the attempted coup in July 1981 to the present day". Refworld. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  13. ^ a b Saine, Abdoulaye S.M. (October 1996). "The Coup d'Etat in The Gambia, 1994: The End of the First Republic". Armed Forces & Society. 23 (1): 97–111. doi:10.1177/0095327x9602300105. ISSN 0095-327X. S2CID 144632866.
  14. ^ "Gambia opposition unite to fight". 2005-01-18. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  15. ^ "Gambian Opposition Parties Set to Select a Single Candidate for December polls at a Convention". GAINAKO. 30 October 2016.
  16. ^ Hughes, Arnold (1975). "From Green Uprising to National Reconciliation: The People's Progressive Party in the Gambia 1959-1973". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 9 (1): 61–74. doi:10.2307/484012. ISSN 0008-3968. JSTOR 484012.
  17. ^ "Our Mission & Vision". People's Progressive Party. 2017-04-02. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  18. ^ a b Hughes, Arnold (1975). "From Green Uprising to National Reconciliation: The People's Progressive Party in the Gambia 1959-1973". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 9 (1): 61–74. doi:10.2307/484012. ISSN 0008-3968. JSTOR 484012.
  19. ^ Saine, Abdoulaye S.M. (October 1996). "The Coup d'Etat in The Gambia, 1994: The End of the First Republic". Armed Forces & Society. 23 (1): 97–111. doi:10.1177/0095327x9602300105. ISSN 0095-327X. S2CID 144632866.
  20. ^ a b "The Gambia - Political change". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  21. ^ Saine, Abdoulaye S.M. (October 1996). "The Coup d'Etat in The Gambia, 1994: The End of the First Republic". Armed Forces & Society. 23 (1): 97–111. doi:10.1177/0095327x9602300105. ISSN 0095-327X. S2CID 144632866.
  22. ^ "Sir Dawda No Longer PPP Leader". The Independent (Banjul). 23 September 2002 – via allafrica.com.
  23. ^ a b "Gambia leader heralds new dawn for minister jailed 22 times". Reuters. 2017-02-19. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  24. ^ "Papa Njie is new PPP leader". The Standard Newspaper Gambia. 2018-12-31. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  25. ^ "PPP selects Kebba Jallow as interim leader". The Standard Newspaper Gambia. 2020-10-06. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  26. ^ "PPP maintains Kebba E. Jallow as party leader - The Point". thepoint.gm. Retrieved 2021-12-08.

Read other articles:

Cabai jawa (tanaman)

Cabai jawa Cabai jawa Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Magnoliophyta Kelas: Magnoliopsida Ordo: Piperales Famili: Piperaceae Genus: Piper Spesies: P. retrofractum Nama binomial Piper retrofractumVahl Cabai jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl) adalah jenis rempah yang masih berkerabat dengan lada dan kemukus, termasuk dalam suku sirih-sirihan atau Piperaceae. Nama lainnya adalah cabya,[1] cabai jamu, cabe jawa atau cabai saja, meskipun penyebutan terakhir ini akan rancu den...

 

 

Hurikan Maria

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang badai Atlantik tahun 2017. Untuk badai lain dengan nama yang sama, lihat Badai Tropis Maria. Hurikan MariaHurikan mayor 5 (SSHWS/NWS)Terbentuk pada16 September 2017Mereda pada3 Oktober 2017(Keluar wilayah tropis pada 30 September) Kecepatan anginmaksimal1 menit: 175 mil/jam (280 km/jam) Tekanan minimal908 mbar (hPa) Korban jiwa3.057Kerusakan91.61 miliar (USD 2017)(Siklon tropis paling merugikan ketiga sepanjang sejarah; paling merugikan sepanjang sejarah Pue...

 

 

Semerkhet

SemerkhetSemempses, MempsesVas alabaster Semerkhet, prasasti dibaca Raja Iry-Nebty mengunjungi rumah raja yang gembira, guci-guci minyak untuk itu, Museum Arkeologi Nasional, PrancisFiraunMasa pemerintahan8½ tahun, skt. 2920 SM (Dinasti pertama Mesir)PendahuluAnedjibPenggantiQa'aGelar kerajaan Prenomen  (Praenomen) Nisut-Bity-Nebty-Irynsw.t-bty-nb.ty-iryRaja Hulu dan Hilir Mesir, ia dari dua wanita, ia milik merekaAlternative:Ia yang dijaga dua wanita[1] Nama Horus Hor-Semerkhet...

Nico Elvedi

Nico Elvedi Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Nico ElvediTanggal lahir 30 September 1996 (umur 27)Tempat lahir Zürich, SwissTinggi 187 cm (6 ft 2 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Borussia MönchengladbachNomor 30Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2015 – Borussia Mönchengladbach 78 (2)Tim nasional2016 – Swiss 6 (0) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik Nico Elvedi (lahir 30 September 1996) adalah seorang pemain sepak bola ...

 

 

Juliette Gordon Low

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Gordon et Low. Juliette Gordon LowBiographieNaissance 31 octobre 1860SavannahDécès 17 janvier 1927 (à 66 ans)SavannahSépulture Cimetière de Laurel GroveNom de naissance Juliette Magill Kinzie GordonNationalité américaineFormation Stuart Hall School (en)Activités Écrivaine, artistePère William Washington Gordon II (en)Mère Eleanor Lytle Kinzie Gordon (d)Autres informationsDistinctions National Women's Hall of Fame (1979)Médaille préside...

 

 

Mark David Chapman

American convicted murderer For the British theologian, see Mark Chapman (theologian). Mark David ChapmanMug shot of Chapman following his arrestBorn (1955-05-10) May 10, 1955 (age 68)Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.Known forMurder of John LennonCriminal statusIncarcerated at Green Haven Correctional FacilitySpouse Gloria Abe ​(m. 1979)​[3][4]MotivePersonal resentment against John Lennon and a desire to emulate Holden Caulfield[1][2 ...

Pembakar lanjut

Sebuah pesawat F/A-18 Hornet milik Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat yang diluncurkan menggunakan katapel landasan dengan kekuatan penuh dari pembakar lanjut. Pembakar lanjut atau pembakaran lanjut adalah sebuah komponen tambahan yang dipasang pada sesetengah mesin jet, terutama pada pesawat militer berkecepatan supersonik untuk memberi lonjakan daya dorong sementara saat terbang baik dalam kecepatan supersonik atau saat lepas landas (disebabkan beban sayap yang tinggi pada tipikal pesawat supers...

 

 

Daftar Bupati Sleman

Bupati SlemanLambang Kabupaten SlemanPetahanaDra. Hj. Kustini Sri Purnomosejak 26 Februari 2021KediamanKantor Bupati Sleman JL. Parasamya, Tridadi, Kec. Sleman, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55511, IndonesiaMasa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk1945Pejabat pertamaK. R. T. PringgodiningratSitus webhttp://slemankab.go.id Berikut adalah Daftar Bupati Sleman dari masa ke masa. No. Wali kota Potret Partai Awal Akhir Masa jabatan Wakil 1 Pringgodiningrat 1945 1947 2 tahun 2 Prodjodiningrat...

 

 

Yoshinori Ohsumi

Japanese cell biologist Yoshinori OhsumiOhsumi in 2016Born (1945-02-09) February 9, 1945 (age 79)Fukuoka, JapanAlma materUniversity of Tokyo (BSc, DSc)Rockefeller UniversityKnown forAutophagyAwardsKyoto Prize (2012)Gairdner Foundation International Award (2015)Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2016)Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2017)Scientific careerFieldsCell biologistInstitutionsTokyo Institute of Technology Websitewww.ohsumilab.aro.iri.titech.ac.jp/english.html ...

Ester 1

Ester 1Halaman yang memuat Ester 1:11-15a dalam bahasa Yunani pada Kodeks Sinaiticus (~330–360 M)KitabKitab EsterKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen17← Nehemia 13 pasal 2 → Ester 1 (disingkat Est 1) adalah pasal pertama Kitab Ester dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Berisi riwayat Ahasyweros, raja Kekaisaran Persia dan perihal ratu Wasti.[3] Teks Lima Gulungan (Megilloth) lengkap pa...

 

 

Clausenengen Fotballklubb

Questa voce sull'argomento società calcistiche norvegesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Clausenengen F.K.Calcio Segni distintiviUniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori socialiBlu, bianco Dati societariCittàKristiansund Nazione Norvegia ConfederazioneUEFA Federazione NFF Campionato4. divisjon Fondazione1921 Presidente Anders Schnell Mittet Allenatore Hans Mellemsæther StadioAtlanten Stadion(4.000 posti) Sito webcfkl.no Palmarès...

 

 

Чжан Цзолинь

Чжан Цзолинькит. 张作霖 14-й Президент Китайской республики 18 июня 1927 — 4 июня 1928 Предшественник Гу Вэйцзюнь (и.о.) Преемник Тань Янькай (как председатель национального правительства) Рождение 19 марта 1875(1875-03-19)[1]Хайчэн, Фэнтянь, империя Цин Смерть 4 июня 1928(1928-06-04)[1] ...

Kaylyn Kyle

Canadian soccer player Kaylyn Kyle Kyle in 2022Personal informationFull name Kaylyn McKenzie Kyle[1]Date of birth (1988-10-06) October 6, 1988 (age 35)Place of birth Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaHeight 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)[1]Position(s) MidfielderYouth career2002–2003 National Training CentreCollege careerYears Team Apps (Gls)2006 Saskatchewan Huskies Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2006–2008 Vancouver Whitecaps 15 (1)2009 Piteå IF 13 (1)2010–2012...

 

 

Corned beef pie

Savoury pie Corned beef pieCorned beef pie (left), served with cheddar soup and a saladTypeSavoury piePlace of originUnited KingdomServing temperatureHot or coldMain ingredientsCorned beef, onion, potatoes Corned beef pie is made from corned beef, onion and often thinly sliced, cubed or mashed potato. It can be eaten hot or cold, making it a suitable common picnic food and also a winter warmer. The corned beef from which the pie derives its name may be leftover corned beef, as from a Sunday d...

 

 

العلاقات السعودية القبرصية

العلاقات السعودية القبرصية   قبرص   السعودية تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات السعودية القبرصية هي علاقة خارجية بين جمهورية قبرص والمملكة العربية السعودية. كلتا الدولتين تملك عضوية منظمة الأمم المتحدة. تملك قبرص قنصلية فخرية في مدينة جدة تمثلها في السعودية. بين�...

Pierre Moscovici

Pierre Moscovici Komisioner Eropa untuk Ekonomi dan Urusan Keuangan, Perpajakan dan PabeanDiangkatMulai menjabat1 November 2014PresidenJean-Claude JunckerMenggantikanJyrki Katainen (Ekonomi dan Urusan Keuangan dan Euro)Algirdas Šemeta (Perpajakan dan Persatuan Pelanggan, Audit dan Anti-Penipuan)Menteri KeuanganMasa jabatan16 Mei 2012 – 2 April 2014Perdana MenteriJean-Marc AyraultPendahuluFrançois BaroinPenggantiMichel Sapin Informasi pribadiLahir16 September 1957 (umur 66)Pa...

 

 

Sposalizio della Vergine (Luca Giordano)

Sposalizio della VergineAutoreLuca Giordano Data1688 TecnicaOlio su tela Dimensioni155×355 cm UbicazioneMuseo del Louvre, Parigi Lo Sposalizio della Vergine è un dipinto a olio su tela (155 × 355 cm) di Luca Giordano, databile al 1688 e conservato presso il museo del Louvre di Parigi. Indice 1 Descrizione 2 Note 3 Bibliografia 4 Voci correlate 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Descrizione L'opera deriva probabilmente da una serie di scene della vita della Vergine ideati per...

 

 

Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders

Infantry regiment of the British Army This article is about the Scottish regiment. For the Canadian regiments, see Cameron Highlanders. 79th Regiment of Foot redirects here. For other uses, see 79th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation). Queen's Own Cameron HighlandersCap Badge of the Queen's Own Cameron HighlandersActive1793–1961Country Kingdom of Great Britain (1793–1800) United Kingdom (1801–1961)Branch British ArmyTypeInfantryRoleLine infantryPart ofHighland BrigadeGarris...

Тхыатхьен-Хюэ

провинцияТхыатхьен-Хюэвьет. Thừa Thiên - Huế 16°20′ с. ш. 107°35′ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Вьетнам Включает 2 города, 7 уездов Адм. центр Хюэ История и география Площадь 5062,6 км² (29-е место) Высота  • Максимальная 1 298 м Часовой пояс UTC+7 Крупнейшие города Хюэ, Хыонгтхюи...

 

 

محمد شنيق

محمد شنيق   معلومات شخصية الميلاد مايو 1889   تونس  الوفاة 20 نوفمبر 1976 (86–87 سنة)  رادس  مواطنة الحماية الفرنسية في تونس (–20 مارس 1956) تونس (20 مارس 1956–)  مناصب الوزارة الكبرى   في المنصب1 يناير 1943  – 15 مايو 1943  الهادي الأخوة  صلاح الدين البكوش  الوزارة ...