Penstemon californicus

Penstemon californicus
Blooming near Constitution 1857 National Park, Baja California, Mexico

Vulnerable  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. californicus
Binomial name
Penstemon californicus
Synonyms[2]
  • Penstemon linarioides var. californicus Munz & I.M.Johnst.

Penstemon californicus is a species of penstemon known by the common name California penstemon. It is native to Baja California and is also known from fewer than 20 occurrences in California, mainly in Orange and Riverside Counties. It grows in the forest and woodland habitat of the Peninsular Ranges and nearby slopes.

Description

Penstemon californicus is a perennial species that typically grows 8–30 centimeters in height, but may occasionally be stunted to as little as 5 cm.[3] The stems are herbaceous, but grow from a woody base.[4] Stems either grow straight upwards or outwards for a short distance before growing upwards (ascending) and are covered in white scale-like hairs that point backwards.[3]

The leaves are no more than 16 millimeters long, but may be as short as 8 mm. They range from 1.5–2.5 mm wide with a very narrow lance head shape, wider past the midpoint (oblanceolate )with a tapered base attached by a petiole and a central vein that protrudes at the end of the leaf tip (mucronate). The leaf is covered in white hairs that scale shaped, pressed close to the leaf surface, and point backwards.[3] This makes the leaves ashy or pale in color and have smooth edges without teeth or lobes. The plants are quite leafy at the base with the flowering stems protruding from the low canopy.[4]

The inflorescence produces tubular flowers between 14 and 18 millimeters long,[5] purple to blue in color with dark-striped white throats containing hairy staminodes.[3]

Taxonomy

Penstemon californicus was scientifically described in 1924 by Philip A. Munz and Ivan Murray Johnston as a variety of Penstemon linarioides. In 1937 David D. Keck published a new description as a species under its present name.[2] The species is considered valid by Plants of the World Online,[2] World Plants,[6] and World Flora Online.[7]

Names

It is known by the common names California penstemon and San Jacinto penstemon.[5][4]

Range and habitat

This species is found in Baja California Norte and in southern California.[6] In the state of California it is found in less than twenty locations in the San Jacinto Mountains in Orange County and Riverside County.[8][3] In Baja California they grow in Sierra de Juárez and Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, mostly above 1,600 meters (5,200 ft).[9]

Penstemon californicus grows in pine-juniper woodlands and pine forests in sandy or gravel soils.[3] In Baja California it mostly grows on gravelly hillsides and in dry stream beds.[9]

See also

List of Penstemon species

References

  1. ^ NatureServe (2024). "Penstemon californicus". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Penstemon californicus (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) D.D.Keck". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Freeman, Craig C. (5 November 2020). "Penstemon californicus - FNA". Flora of North America. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  4. ^ a b c McMinn, Howard (1951). An Illustrated Manual of California Shrubs. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 516. ISBN 978-0-520-00847-2. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b Keck, David Daniels (1951). "Penstemon". In Abrams, LeRoy; Ferris, Roxana Stinchfield; Vincent, Sylvia; Law, Barbara (eds.). An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Vol. III: Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 750. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b Hassler, Michael (16 June 2024). "Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 19.3". World Plants. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  7. ^ "Penstemon californicus (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) D.D.Keck". World Flora Online. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  8. ^ Skinner, Mark W.; Pavlik, Bruce M., eds. (1994). California Native Plant Society's Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. Sacramento, California: California Native Plant Society. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-943460-18-5. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  9. ^ a b Wiggins, Ira L. (1980). Flora of Baja California. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 506. ISBN 978-0-8047-1016-9. OCLC 6284257.