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Pendleton
Pendleton
	Salford Shopping Centre, Pendleton
	Pendleton Location within Greater Manchester
OS grid reference	SJ812991
Metropolitan borough	Salford;
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester;
Region	North West;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	SALFORD
Postcode district	M6
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Salford and Eccles;
	List of places UK England Greater Manchester 53°29′31″N 2°16′55″W / 53.4919°N 2.2819°W

Pendleton is an inner-city suburb and district of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The A6 dual carriageway skirts the east of the district. Historically in Lancashire, Pendleton experienced rapid urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution.

History

The township has been variously recorded as Penelton in 1199, Pennelton in 1212, Penilton in 1236, Penhulton in 1331, Penulton in 1356 and Pendleton from about 1600.^[1]

In the Middle Ages the manor was held by the Hultons of Hulton Park.^[2]

Until 1780, Pendleton was rural, a group of cottages around a village green with a maypole. The Industrial Revolution brought about rapid expansion in the population and large cotton mills and premises for dyeing, printing, and bleaching were built providing employment. Pendleton Colliery was developed from the early 19th century.^[2]

Violence and looting occurred in Pendleton during the 2011 riots.^[3] In 2012, Salford City Council announced a £430million regeneration scheme for the area.^[4]

Governance

Pendleton emerged as a township and chapelry in the ecclesiastical parish of Eccles in the hundred of Salford in the historic county of Lancashire. After 1837 Pendleton was part of the Salford Poor Law Union which took responsibility for the administration of the Poor Law and provided a workhouse.^[5]

In 1844 the neighbouring township of Salford was incorporated as a borough. However owing to opposition from Pendleton rate payers who felt that their interests would be over-ruled by Salford, it was not until 1853 that Pendleton and neighbouring Broughton who had also refused to merge with Salford became incorporated into an enlarged Borough of Salford. This was owing to increasing concerns to improve the sanitary conditions of the two townships which would have otherwise resulted in the creation of Local Boards of Health.^[6] In 1866 Pendleton became a separate civil parish.^[7] Pendleton together with Broughton became part of the County Borough of Salford from its inception in 1889, thus for the purposes of local government being independent from the jurisdictions of the newly formed Lancashire County Council. On 1 April 1919 the parish was abolished and merged with Salford.^[8] In 1911 the parish had a population of 78,783.^[9] In 1974 became part of the much enlarged metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.

Pendleton is mostly covered by the electoral ward of Langworthy. It is represented in Westminster by Rebecca Long-Bailey MP for Salford and Eccles.^[10]

The ward is represented on Salford City Council by three Labour councillors: John Warmisham,^[11] Michele Barnes,^[12] and Wilson Nkurunziza.^[13]

Geography

Pendleton is 2 miles north west of Manchester city centre and separated by the River Irwell and at the junction of roads to Liverpool, Preston, Bolton and Manchester. The Manchester, Bolton & Bury Canal passes the area. Pendleton is on the Manchester Coalfield, part of Lancashire Coalfield. In the early days of coal mining seams lying on or close to the surface were exploited, but as time went by deeper shafts were sunk to exploit deeper coal seams, so that by the beginning of the 20th century Pendleton Colliery had the deepest shafts in Great Britain, at 3,474 feet (1,059 m).^[14]

The area gives its name to the geological feature known as the Pendleton Fault, one of four large faults running under the Manchester area. The faults are geologically active, and cause earthquake tremors that have been recorded for centuries, most recently in August 2007, when Manchester experienced six minor earthquakes.^[15]

Clarendon Park is within the bounds of Pendleton.^[3] The largest public park is Buile Hill Park which lies on high ground adjacent to Eccles Old Road.

Transport

Pendleton railway station closed in 1998 after it was damaged in an arson attack.^[16] Salford Crescent railway station links the district and with the stations in Manchester at (Piccadilly, Oxford Road and Victoria).

Parish church

St Thomas Church, a Commissioners' Church,^[2] is the parish church. It replaced the original chapel. It was built in 1829–31 to the design of Francis Goodwin and Richard Lane in a Perpendicular gothic revival style with a west tower and three galleries.^[17]

Notable people

The 19th century industrialist and Liberal politician Sir Elkanah Armitage lived at Hope Hall from 1853 until his death in 1876. The cartographer, printer and publisher George Bradshaw was born in 1801^[18] and James Agate (1877–1947) the theatre critic was also born here.^[19]

Tommy White (1908–1967), an Everton and England footballer, was born in Pendleton,^[20] as was the sociologist and anti-women's ordination activist Margaret Hewitt (1928–1991). Pat Kirkwood (1921–2007), who became one a stars of musical theatre, was born in Pendleton.^[21] The actors Albert Finney (1936–2019), born in the Charlestown area and baptised at St George's Church, Charlestown, and Christopher Eccleston (born 1964) was brought up in Langworthy.^[22]

Peter Hook of the bands Joy Division and New Order grew up in the area. He infamously stated "All my friends moved to Ellor Street, which was all high-rise 70's flats and a new shopping precinct all built out of concrete. It was rotten, horrible; like a concrete wasteland. And that was when it opened."

References

Notes

^ Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1907), "Pendleton", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4, British History Online, pp. 392–396, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ ^a ^b ^c Lewis, Samuel (1848), "Pendleton", A Topographical Dictionary of England, British History Online, pp. 545–549, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ ^a ^b "Ambitious Pendleton PFI regeneration initiative given go-ahead for £430million housing scheme - Mancunian Matters". mancunianmatters.co.uk.
^ "Salford Council backs £430m Pendleton regeneration", BBC News, 16 August 2012
^ Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011
^ The Godfrey Edition - Old Ordnance Survey Maps; Salford (West), Lancashire Sheet 104.5
^ "Relationships and changes Pendleton CP/Ch/Tn through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ "Salford Registration District". UKBMD. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ "Population statistics Pendleton CP/Ch/Tn through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ "Rebecca Long Bailey MP". parliament.uk. UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
^ "Councillor John Warmisham". sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk. Salford City Council. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
^ "Councillor Michele Barnes". sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk. Salford City Council. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
^ "Councillor Wilson Nkurunziza". sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk. Salford City Council. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
^ Mullineux 1973, pp. 47–48
^ Malvern, Jack (31 August 2007), "The Earth Moves for Manchester", The Times, archived from the original on 14 October 2008, retrieved 27 February 2010
^ Regulator allows closure of Pendleton station, Office of Rail Regulation, 15 December 1998, archived from the original on 30 September 2007, retrieved 27 March 2008
^ Pevsner, N. (1969) Lancashire, vol. 1. Penguin Books
^ Kelly, Laura (21 June 2010). "Christopher Eccleston". The Big Issue. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
^ Brown, Ivor; Brodie, Marc (rev.) (2004), "Agate, James Evershed (1877–1947)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, retrieved 27 February 2010
^ Joyce, Michael (2004). Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939. Nottingham: Tony Brown. p. 255. ISBN 1-899468-67-6.
^ Obituary: Pat Kirkwood, BBC News, retrieved 28 February 2014
^ "At Home With Christopher Eccleston. - Salford Star - with attitude & love xxx". www.salfordstar.com. Retrieved 9 November 2021.

Bibliography

Mullineux, F. (1973), "Coal Mining in Lancashire", in Smith, J. H. (ed.), The Great Human Exploit: Historic Industries of the North-West, Phillimore & Co, ISBN 0-85033-108-0