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Paysandú
Paysandú
Capital city
	Basílica as seen from 18 de Julio street
	Paysandú Location in Uruguay
	Coordinates: 32°19′17″S 58°4′32″W / 32.32139°S 58.07556°W
Country	Uruguay
Department	Paysandú
Founded	1756
Elevation	34 m (112 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	76,412
Time zone	UTC −3
Postal code	60000
Dial plan	+598 472 (+5 digits)
Climate	Cfa

Paysandú (Spanish pronunciation: [pajsanˈdu]) is a Uruguayan city and the capital of Paysandú Department in western Uruguay.

History

It was founded in October 1756 and had acquired the status of "Villa" (town) before the independence of Uruguay. On 8 June 1863, its status was elevated to "Ciudad" (city) by the Act of Ley Nº 780.^[2]

General Leandro Gomez led Uruguayan forces to save the town from an invasion by Brazilian forces in 1864–1865. A battle took place on 2 December 1864.^[3]

Population

In 2011 Paysandú had a population of 76,412.^[1] It is the fourth largest city in Uruguay, after Montevideo, Salto and Ciudad de la Costa.

Year	Population
1908	20,953
1963	51,645
1975	62,199
1985	68,466
1996	74,568
2004	73,292
2011	76,412

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay^[2]

Paysandú is more cosmopolitan than most Uruguayan cities,^{[citation needed]} with many settlers from Italy, Switzerland, Poland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Belgium and various African nations.

Geography

The city is located on the banks of the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina. It lies 378 kilometres (235 mi) northwest of Montevideo via Route 1 and Route 3, on the junction of the latter with Route 90. As of the census of 2011 it was the fourth-most populated city of the country.

A small distance north of the city is the General Artigas Bridge that links Uruguay with the Entre Ríos Province of Argentina, south of the city Colón.^[4]

Climate

Paysandú has a humid subtropical climate, described by the Köppen climate classification as Cfa. Summers are warm to hot and winters are cool, with the occurrence of frosts and fog. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, although winters are slightly drier, with an average of 1,181 mm (46.5 in), and the annual average temperature is around 19 °C (66 °F). On 20 January 1943, Paysandú recorded a temperature of 44.0 °C (111.2 °F), which is the joint highest (along with Florida) temperature to have ever been recorded in Uruguay.^[5]^[6] The lowest temperature to have ever been recorded in Paysandú is −7.4 °C (18.7 °F) in June.^{[year needed]}

Climate data for Paysandú, Uruguay (1991–2020, extremes 1937–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	44.0 (111.2)	42.4 (108.3)	39.4 (102.9)	36.0 (96.8)	33.0 (91.4)	29.8 (85.6)	30.6 (87.1)	33.8 (92.8)	36.4 (97.5)	38.0 (100.4)	41.5 (106.7)	42.0 (107.6)	44.0 (111.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	31.7 (89.1)	30.1 (86.2)	28.5 (83.3)	24.6 (76.3)	20.4 (68.7)	17.6 (63.7)	17.0 (62.6)	19.6 (67.3)	21.2 (70.2)	24.1 (75.4)	27.7 (81.9)	30.2 (86.4)	24.4 (75.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	25.1 (77.2)	23.9 (75.0)	22.4 (72.3)	18.9 (66.0)	15.4 (59.7)	12.6 (54.7)	12.0 (53.6)	13.9 (57.0)	15.4 (59.7)	18.4 (65.1)	21.3 (70.3)	23.7 (74.7)	18.6 (65.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.5 (65.3)	17.8 (64.0)	16.3 (61.3)	13.3 (55.9)	10.4 (50.7)	7.7 (45.9)	7.0 (44.6)	8.2 (46.8)	9.7 (49.5)	12.6 (54.7)	14.8 (58.6)	17.1 (62.8)	12.8 (55.0)
Record low °C (°F)	7.8 (46.0)	3.2 (37.8)	3.2 (37.8)	0.0 (32.0)	−2.6 (27.3)	−7.4 (18.7)	−6.6 (20.1)	−4.0 (24.8)	−3.4 (25.9)	0.0 (32.0)	2.3 (36.1)	4.8 (40.6)	−7.4 (18.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	141.0 (5.55)	136.1 (5.36)	111.5 (4.39)	154.4 (6.08)	108.7 (4.28)	72.4 (2.85)	55.2 (2.17)	74.6 (2.94)	78.9 (3.11)	121.3 (4.78)	105.2 (4.14)	132.4 (5.21)	1,291.7 (50.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	7	7	6	7	6	5	5	5	6	8	6	7	75
Average relative humidity (%)	62	67	70	75	77	78	74	72	71	70	67	63	71
Mean monthly sunshine hours	285.2	226.0	232.5	198.0	186.0	153.0	173.6	192.2	201.0	229.4	255.0	279.0	2,610.9
Mean daily sunshine hours	9.2	8.0	7.5	6.6	6.0	5.1	5.6	6.2	6.7	7.4	8.5	9.0	7.2
Source 1: Instituto Uruguayo de Metereología^[7]^[8]
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation 1991–2020),^[9] Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (humidity and sun 1980–2009)^[10]

Economy

The main industries in the city are Norteña brewery, Azucarlito (sugar), Paylana (which is a producer of world-class woolen fabrics), and Paycuero (leather). Paysandú is also the centre of plantation forest industry in Uruguay, with many companies involved in the planting and harvesting of Eucalyptus plantations.^[11]

Transportation

The city is served by Tydeo Larre Borges International Airport.

Recreation

Paysandú has some fine recreational beaches on the Uruguay River which have lifeguards during the summer. It is also home to many sporting clubs, including a rowing club, yacht club, and numerous others for football, rugby, hockey, tennis and polo.

Education

Previously the area had a German school, Deutsche Schule Paysandú.^[12]

Also the city has a Center of the University of the Republic (Centro Universitario de Paysandú).^[13]

Places of worship

Parish Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and St. Benedict of Palermo (Roman Catholic)
St. Raymond and St. John Bosco Parish Church (Roman Catholic, Salesians of Don Bosco)
Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish Church (Roman Catholic)
St. Joseph the Worker Parish Church (Roman Catholic)

Notable people

Politicians

Reinaldo Gargano (FA), Foreign Minister of Uruguay (2005–2008) †
Jorge Larrañaga (PN), current Senator
Raúl Sendic (FA), Vice-President of Uruguay 2015–2017

Football players

Sebastián Soria, Qatari football player
Walter Gargano, football player of Peñarol
Nicolás Lodeiro, football player of Seattle Sounders FC
Bosco Frontán, retired footballer who played mostly in Uruguay and Mexico
Egidio Arévalo Rios, the 10th most capped player for Uruguay with 91, currently with Correcaminos UAT
Maxi Gómez, football player of Trabzonspor
Marcelo Saracchi, football player of Levante

Musicians

Los Iracundos
Alfredo Eusebio Gobbi, tango musician

Other

Clotilde Luisi (1882–1969), first woman to study law at the University of the Republic
Ricardo Armentano, professor and researcher of international repute
Hiber Conteris (1933-2020), literary critic and playwright
Cecilia Comunales (born 1988), world champion boxer

Twinned cities

References

^ ^a ^b "Censos 2011 Cuadros Paysandú". Instituto Nacional de Estadística Uruguay. 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Statistics of urban localities (1908–2004)" (PDF). INE. 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
^ Marley, David (February 2008). Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the present. ABC-CLIO. p. 855. ISBN 978-1-59884-100-8. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
^ Leitner, Gerry (January 2001). Argentina Travel Companion. Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 936. ISBN 978-0-9587498-1-7. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
^ "Clima del Uruguay" (in Spanish). Red Académica Uruguaya. Archived from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^ "Boletín meteorológico" [Meteorologic records of Uruguay] (in Spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
^ "Estadísticas climatológicas" (in Spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
^ "RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY" (in Spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
^ "Paysandu Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
^ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
^ Bouton, Lawrence (1998). The private sector and development: five case studies. World Bank Publications. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-8213-4199-5. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
^ "Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672" (Archive). Bundestag (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 29/51.
^ "Breve historia institucional" (in Spanish). CENUR Litoral Norte Paysandú. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
^ "Sign of twining agreement between Wilaya of Smara and city of Paysandú". Sahara Press Service. 2011-10-24. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2011-10-27.