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Patagioenas
	Band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Subfamily:	Columbinae
Genus:	Patagioenas; Reichenbach, 1853
Type species
	Columba leucocephala (white-crowned pigeon ); Linnaeus, 1758
Species
	17, see text.
Synonyms
	Chloraenas Bonaparte, 1854 (unjustified emendation); Chloraenos Bonaparte, 1856 (lapsus); Chloroenas Reichenbach, 1852; Lepidaenas Bonaparte, 1854 (unjustified emendation); Lepidoenas Reichenbach, 1852; Oenoenas Salvadori, 1893; Patagiaenas Bonaparte, 1854 (unjustified emendation)

Patagioenas is a genus of New World pigeons whose distinctness from the genus Columba was long disputed but ultimately confirmed. It is basal to the Columba-Streptopelia radiation with their ancestors diverging from that lineage likely over 8 million years ago. While the biogeographic pattern of this group suggests that the ancestors of typical pigeons and turtle-doves settled the Old World from the Americas, Patagioenas may also be the offspring of Old World pigeons that radiated into different genera later, given that the cuckoo-doves (Macropygia) of Southeast Asia also seem to be closely related.^[1]

Taxonomy

The genus Patagioenas was introduced by German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853, with the white-crowned pigeon (Patagioenas leucocephala) as the type species.^[2] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek patageō meaning "to clatter" and oinas meaning "pigeon".^[3]

There are 17 species of Patagioenas, which can be assigned to four groups based on mtDNA cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, as well as the nuclear β-fibrinogen intron 7 data combined with analyses of vocalizations and morphology. They could be considered subgenera, but one remains unnamed so they are only informally listed here:^[4]

caribaea/band-tailed group (Chloroenas): Characterized by tails with terminal bands and iridescent neck; rows of low single coos. Apparently the most basal group.^[1]

Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
Chilean pigeon, Patagioenas araucana
Ring-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas caribaea

leucocephala group (Patagioenas sensu stricto): Characterized by iridescent neck and dark plumage, or white edged outer wing coverts, or scaly appearance; groups of triple coos with the first call in each drawn out except in speciosa

White-crowned pigeon, Patagioenas leucocephala
Scaly-naped pigeon, Patagioenas squamosa
Scaled pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa
Picazuro pigeon, Patagioenas picazuro
Bare-eyed pigeon, Patagioenas corensis
Spot-winged pigeon, Patagioenas maculosa

cayennensis group: No display plumage except iridescent head in cayennensis; groups of double or triple coos with the first call in each short

Pale-vented pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis
Red-billed pigeon, Patagioenas flavirostris
Maranon pigeon, Patagioenas oenops
Plain pigeon, Patagioenas inornata

plumbea group (Oenoenas): Small size, plain plumage, rounded tails, small bills, phrase composed of high single coos

Plumbeous pigeon, Patagioenas plumbea
Ruddy pigeon, Patagioenas subvinacea
Short-billed pigeon, Patagioenas nigrirostris
Dusky pigeon, Patagioenas goodsoni

A fossil species (Curtis pigeon) initially placed in Chloroenas, Patagioenas micula (Early Pliocene of Curtis Ranch, USA) is known. A small member of this genus, it probably indeed belonged to the band-tailed group.

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b Johnson et al. (2001), Cheke (2005)
^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. p. xxv.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Johnson et al. (2001), Mahler & Tubaro (2001)

Sources

Cheke, Anthony S. (2005). Naming segregates from the Columba–Streptopelia pigeons following DNA studies on phylogeny. Bull. B.O.C. 125(4): 293–295. PDF fulltext
Johnson, K.P.; De Kort, S; Dinwoodey, K.; Mateman, A.C.; Ten Cate, C.; Lessells, C.M.; Clayton, D.H. (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba". Auk. 118 (4): 874–887. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0874:AMPOTD]2.0.CO;2. hdl:20.500.11755/a92515bb-c1c6-4c0e-ae9a-849936c41ca2.
Mahler, Bettina & Tubaro, Pablo L. (2001). Relationship between song characters and morphology in New World pigeons. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 74(4): 533–539. doi:10.1006/bijl.2001.0596 (HTML abstract)