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Palestinian Salvadoran
*فلسطينيو السلفادور*
Total population
	100,000
Regions with significant populations
	San Salvador
Languages
	Salvadoran Spanish · Palestinian Arabic
Religion
	Christianity · 95%, Islam 5% .
Related ethnic groups
	Other Arab Salvadoran

Palestinian Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños Palestinos; Arabic: فلسطينيو السلفادور), are Salvadoran citizens of Palestinian descent or Palestine-born people residing in El Salvador. There are approximately 100,000 Salvadorans with Palestinian ancestry.^[2]

The Palestinian community in El Salvador is the second largest in Central America.

The first Palestinians arrived in the late 19th, but they continued to arrive in the early 20th century, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, thousands of Palestinians arrived in El Salvador.

History

Palestinians, mostly from Bethlehem (90%), but also from Jerusalem, came to El Salvador during the early 20th century. These immigrants were looking for economic opportunities, as well as escaping conscription into Ottoman Army during the waning years of the Ottoman Empire. Most of the Palestinians who came were Orthodox Christians. Initially, these migrants came to the country with the intention of going back to their homelands, but some decided to stay and start their families in El Salvador.^[3] Because of their Ottoman passports, Middle Easterners in Central America were labeled as "Turks," and barred from civil society, public organizations and government posts. In the 1930s and 1940s, laws barred them from immigrating into the country, as they were looked down on by the elite.^[4]

Discrimination

Discrimination and xenophobia ran deep; legacies of Spain's racially obsessed colonial policies in Latin America divided subjects into more than a dozen different ethnic classifications.^[5] As the Palestinians achieved economic success, they were seen as economic rivals by the local elite and were socially and politically isolated by them.^[6] In El Salvador, Maximiliano Hernández Martínez issued laws that banned Palestinians, among other ethnicities and nationalities, from immigrating and/or starting a business in the country.^[7] While discrimination against Palestinians died down considerably, as recently as 2000, a conservative Salvadoran political commentator, Rafael Colindres, wrote an essay suggesting, "Perhaps a pogrom would be the solution to the Turk problem."^[4]

Salvadoran Civil War

The Salvadoran Civil War affected the Palestinian community as much as it affected any other community in the country. While the wealthier families of Palestinian descent supported the pro-business, pro-American, and pro-Israeli Salvadoran government and military, there are Salvadorans of Palestinian descent that support the communist guerrillas of the FMLN. Schafik Handal, a Salvadoran of Palestinian descent, is a good example of this as he was one of the five commanders of the FMLN.

After the Civil War ended, most of the old Salvadoran elite lost their power and influence on the economic and political advancements of post-war El Salvador. After being shunned from the political process of the country, Palestinians found new life in the country and began to take advantage of the neoliberal direction of the country as championed by the ARENA party during the 1990s. All of this culminated in the Salvadoran presidential election of 2004, where both candidates, Antonio Saca and Schafik Handal, were the first two Salvadoran of Palestinian descent to run for President and would guarantee that the office would be held by a Palestinian.^[8]

Culture

The Palestinians in El Salvador display an amalgam of local and imported lifestyles.

Palestinian culture has begun to emerge from within private circles into the public domain, most visibly in the creation of the Plaza Palestina, which commemorates the Bethlehem roots of most of El Salvador's Arabs, in San Salvador.

The public charity of Middle Easterners in the country has contributed to this effect. The wealthy Simán family members sponsor a free drug rehabilitation program in El Salvador and a scholarship fund for Palestinians at the Catholic Bethlehem University.^[9]

Notable people

Francisco Alabi, El Salvador's Minister of Health
Gerardo Awad, politician of El Salvador
Nayib Bukele, current president of El Salvador
Yusef Bukele
Soraya Comandari Zanotti, half Palestinian/half Italian descent. Represented El Salvador at the 1976 edition of Miss World
Juan José Daboub, former Minister of Finance of El Salvador
Isabel Dada, Salvadoran actress
Rebeca Davila Dada, Miss El Salvador 1991
Schafik Handal, politician and presidential candidate of El Salvador
Guillermo Hasbún, president of CIFCO
Hato Hasbun, politician of El Salvador
Jacobo Kattán, C.D. FAS footballer
Miguel Kattán, politician of El Salvador
Mayella Mena Mahomar, Nuestra Belleza El Salvador 2009
Alfredo Ruano Safie, footballer
Antonio Saca, former President of El Salvador
Óscar Antonio Safie, founder of Megavisión El Salvador
Carlos Samour, American judge
Gerardo Jose Siman-Siri, CEO of HSBC El Salvador
Javier Simán, politician of El Salvador
Jose J. Simán, founder of SIMAN
John H. Sununu, American politician, whose mother was a Palestinian Salvadoran
Arturo Zablah, politician and vice presidential candidate of El Salvador
Xavier Zablah Bukele, politician of El Salvador

References

^ M. M. Rivas. "La travesía árabe-palestina que llegó a El Salvador". Ministerio de Cultura de El Salvador. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
^ "From Palestine To El Salvador: The Story of Palestinian-Salvadorians". 26 October 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
^ Foroohar, Manzar (Spring 2011). "Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (3): 7. doi:10.1525/jps.2011.xl.3.6.
^ ^a ^b Rice, John. "El Salvador race coming down to two Palestinians". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
^ Ziegler, Matthew. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
^ Foroohar, Manzar (Spring 2011). "Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (3): 12. doi:10.1525/jps.2011.xl.3.6.
^ Foroohar, Manzar (Spring 2011). "Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (3): 13. doi:10.1525/jps.2011.xl.3.6.
^ Dellios, Hugh. "El Salvador vote divides 2 Arab clans". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ The Daily Star. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". Retrieved April 27, 2004.