Palais de la Légion d'Honneur

For the museum in San Francisco, see Legion of Honor (museum).
The Hôtel de Salm in 2014
Inner courtyard

The Palais de la Légion d'Honneur (French pronunciation: [palɛ də la leʒjɔ̃ dɔnœʁ]; Palace of the Legion of Honour), also known as the Hôtel de Salm ([otɛl də salm]), is a historic building on the Left Bank of the River Seine in Paris, France. It houses the Musée de la Légion d'honneur (Museum of the Legion of Honour) and is the seat of the Legion of Honour, the highest French order of merit.

It is located at 64 Rue de Lille, next to the former Orsay railway station (now the Musée d'Orsay) in the 7th arrondissement.

History

Construction of the original Hôtel de Salm
Diamond breast plaque of the Légion d'honneur

The original Hôtel de Salm was built between 1782 and 1787 by the architect Pierre Rousseau (1751–1810) for the German prince Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg. Thomas Jefferson wrote that he had "fallen in love in Paris", not with a woman but with the Hôtel de Salm, while it was under construction. The future Empress Joséphine was a frequent visitor in the early stages of the French Revolution.[1]

The revolutionary government nationalised the building, and from 13 May 1804, it was renamed the "Palais de la Légion d'honneur" and became the seat of the newly created Légion d'honneur.[2] The interior was remodeled for that purpose by Antoine-François Peyre,[2] and new exterior sculptures were added by Jean Guillaume Moitte and Philippe-Laurent Roland.[citation needed]

An additional building was added in 1866 along the new Rue de Solférino, but the palace was burned in 1871 by the Paris Commune. A replica was rebuilt soon afterwards under Anastase Mortier, with painters Jean-Paul Laurens and Théodore Maillot providing interior decoration. An additional building was added from 1922–1925, on rue de Bellechasse in order to house a museum of the Légion d'honneur.[2]

The building was classified as a historical monument in 1985.[3]

Influences

The California Palace of the Legion of Honor, a three-quarter scale replica of the Hôtel de Salm, was constructed in San Francisco in 1924; it houses a fine arts museum.

In Haarlem in the Netherlands, the banker Henry Hope had his Villa Welgelegen built to resemble the Hôtel de Salm. In Rochefort-en-Yvelines (near Paris), there is a larger-scale replica of the Hôtel de Salm. It was built between 1899, and 1904 for the wealthy business magnate Jules Porgès by the architect Charles Mewès, and it is known as the Château Porgès de Rochefort-en-Yvelines [fr]; today, it is a golf club.

The architect John Nash included a domed semi-circular bow in his design for the garden front at Buckingham Palace, inspired by the Hôtel de Salm.

References

  1. ^ Bruce, Evangeline (1996). Napoleon & Josephine An Improbable Marriage. London: Phoenix (Orion Books Limited). pp. 36 (footnote). ISBN 1-85799-489-2.
  2. ^ a b c Gilles Marchand (2003). Dictionnaire des monuments de Paris. Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot. p. 122. ISBN 2-87747-722-3.
  3. ^ "Ancien hôtel de Salm, actuel Palais de la Légion d'Honneur". www.pop.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2023-06-21.

48°51′37.33″N 2°19′27.59″E / 48.8603694°N 2.3243306°E / 48.8603694; 2.3243306

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