Pahari people (Kashmir)

For other uses, see Pahari.

The Pahari people or Pahari-speaking people is a cover term for a number of heterogeneous communities inhabiting in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Pothohar Plateau, the Hindkowans of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and also some parts of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir who speak Pahari languages/dialects.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Pahari Ethnic Group

The J&K Socially Economically Backward Classes Commission constituted by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir in 2020 in its report has recommended to renaming the group 'Pahari Speaking People' (who speak Pothowari dialects fall under Lahnda Western Punjabi) with the substitute nomenclature 'Pahari Ethnic Group' in terms of provisions that grant Reservation to them, as PSP, under J&K Reservation Rules 2004 and accordingly, the J&K government has issued instructions on October 19, 2022, and replaced 'Pahari Speaking People' with 'Pahari Ethnic Group' ,[7] which tends to identify them as an ethnic group to be brought under the purview of the Schedule of Tribes under the Constitution of India.[8][9]

Scheduled Tribes status granted Pahari Ethnic Group

ST status was granted to Pahari Speaking People' (who speak Pothowari dialects fall under Lahnda Western Punjabi) through an Act passed by Parliament. On 26 July 2023, the bill to add Pahari Ethnic Group along with the Paddari Tribe, Koli and Gadda Brahman in the existing list of scheduled tribes in Jammu and Kashmir was introduced in the Lok Sabha.[10] The bill was taken into consideration on February 6, 2024, and was passed the same day.[11] The bill was further passed from the Rajya Sabha on February 9.[12] The Act of Parliament received the President's Assent on the Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order (Amendment) Act, 2024. A gazette notification in this regard was issued by the Ministry of Law and Justice states on 12 February 2024.[13]

People and Languages

The Pahari people are mainly referred to two groups:

Gujjar-Pahari issue over Scheduled Tribe status

The Gujjars who have been already listed as Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir in 1991 are opposing grant of ST status and other similar benefits to the Pahari Speaking People of J&K with the argument that such a step will dilute the entire Scheduled Tribe status. They (Gujjars) are constantly countering the move to grant Scheduled Tribe status to 'Pahari Speaking People' on the basis of (Pahari) Language.[25][26][27][28] The Gujjars are of the view that such a move will dilute their share of reservation in the UT of J&K.

In order to oppose the demand of ST to Paharis, the tribal Gujjar youth started foot March in November 2022.After 21 days struggle the Joint Action Committee was invited by the Home Minister of India in New Delhi for a dialogue.[29][30][31][32][33][34]

The Gujjars argue that majority of Pahari Speaking People belongs to upper class Muslims such as Syeds, Qazi, Per, Beg, Raja, Malik, Mirza, Khan, Mughals, Rajputs, Kashmiris and upper caste Sikhs, Hindus including Brahmins, Rajputs, Mahajans and they do not face any social stigma or caste inequality like Gujjars, Bakerwals, Gaddis and other tribes of Jammu and Kashmir do.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] They said as per 2011 census the literacy rate among Scheduled Tribes of J&K is 50% and 59% in STs across India but in Pahari Speaking People especially in Poonch, Rajouri districts it is 68% and if Paharis entered into ST status the existing tribes will get affected adversely.[42][43][44][45] The Gujjars further arguing that the 'Pahari Speaking People' do not belong to a Socially, Economically and Educationally backward class like Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis, Sippis and Shina who are in ST list of J&K. Gujjars are opposing ST status to Paharis as they believe Paharis are already enjoying 4% reservation under Actual Control Line habitat, 10% under RBA, 4% under Other Social Castes, 10% under Economically Weaker Section, 4% under Pahari Speaking besides 48% General Category and now they are trying to get the share in 10% granted to Gujjars under ST.[46][47][48][49]

Meanwhile, a number of organisations of displaced communities consisting of West Pakistan refugees who were exiled during partition now residing primarily in Jammu have been struggling and demanding ST status for them as they are also Paharis.[50][51] In addition to this, they are urging for a share in 4% reservations in Govt Jobs/ Admissions granted to 'Pahari Speaking People' as these communities belongs to same clans of PSP and they speaks Pahari dialects fall under Lahnda Group.[52][53]

Establishment of Pahari Board & grant of 4% Reservation to PSP

The Government of Jammu and Kashmir has established an advisory board for the development of Pahari Speaking People in 1989 for the welfare of Pahari People.[54][55] Nevertheless, core demands – like that for a Scheduled Tribe status and the associated affirmative action benefits – were not met (until 2024). In 1989, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir recommended to the Union Government of India that the Paharis of Kashmir should be granted such status,[56][57] and this recommendation was reiterated in 1994 by the governor of Jammu and Kashmir and the chief ministers of the state.[58][59]

In April 2020, the government of Jammu and Kashmir granted to "Pahari-speaking people" four percent reservation for direct recruitment and admission and distribution of seats in professional institutions.[60] This has sparked disagreements between representatives of the two unrelated "Pahari" communities – those of eastern Kashmir and those of mountains of western Jammu – as to which group of the two constitutes the "genuine Paharis" with a more disadvantaged status, and therefore stronger claim to receiving the benefits of the reservation policy.[61][62]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Who are Paharis". Indian Express.
  2. ^ "Ethnic Plurality in Jammu and Kashmir- A Sociological Analysis -Book- Man in India". Research Gate.
  3. ^ "Chapter 05-IDENTITY FORMATION AND ASSERTION A STUDY OF PAHARI SPEAKING COMMUNITY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR" (PDF). Department of Sociology University of Jammu -shodhganga.
  4. ^ "Vol. Linguistic Survey of India Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  5. ^ a b "GADDI -Vol. Linguistic Survey of India Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  6. ^ "Gujari -Vol. Linguistic Survey of India Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  7. ^ "JK govt sets up backward classes commission". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 2020-03-19. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  8. ^ Sharma, Ronik (2022-11-07). "Opposition to ST Status to Pahari ethnic group".
  9. ^ "J&K amends rules: Pahari ethnicity, not language, to be criterion for reservation". The Indian Express. 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  10. ^ Bureau, The Hindu (2023-07-26). "Bills to expand Jammu & Kashmir's Scheduled Castes, Schedule Tribes lists introduced in the Lok Sabha". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-07-26. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ Ashiq, Abhinay Lakshman & Peerzada (2024-02-06). "Amid protests in Jammu, Lok Sabha passes Bill to include Paharis in J&K's ST list". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
  12. ^ "The new Scheduled Tribe in J&K: Paharis". Hindustan Times. 2024-02-09. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  13. ^ https://www.greaterkashmir.com/governance/president-gives-assent-to-jk-scheduled-tribes-amendment-act-2024/%7CSt Status to Pahari granted through notification dated 12/02/2024
  14. ^ "Vol. Linguistic Survey of India published in 1928. Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  15. ^ "Vol. Linguistic Survey of India Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  16. ^ "Vol. Linguistic Survey of India published in 1928. Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  17. ^ "Vol. Linguistic Survey of India Vol 9, Pt. 4 Indo-Aryan Family. Central Group. Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī". Digital South Asia Library.
  18. ^ "Linguistic Survey of India".
  19. ^ Lothers, Michael; Lothers, Laura (2010). Pahari and Pothwari: A Sociolinguistic Survey (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. Vol. 2010–012.
  20. ^ Shackle 2007, p. 114.
  21. ^ Sonstige., Joseph C., Mathew 1966- (2017). Understanding Pakistan : emerging voices from india. ISBN 978-1-138-23490-1. OCLC 991571023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ A 2000 estimate reported in Ethnologue (2017)
  23. ^ Singh 2014, p. 18; Bhat 2014, ch. 1, pp. 38, 40
  24. ^ Lists of regions and settlements are found in Bhat (2014, ch. 1, pp. 40, 43–44) and Kour (2014).
  25. ^ https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/gujjars-oppose-paharis-demand-for-st-status-420531 Gujjars oppose Paharis' demand for ST status
  26. ^ "Gujjars, Paharis spar over tribe status". The Hindustan Times. December 2007.
  27. ^ "J&K Gujjars meet Union Tribal Minister oppose ST status to Paharis". The Scoop News.
  28. ^ "Gujjar and Bakerwal oppose ST status to 'Paharis' in J&K". 20 August 2007.
  29. ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (2022-11-09). "Paharis in ST list: Gujjars, Bakerwals to boycott Union Tribal Minister's J&K visit in protest". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  30. ^ "After Home Minister's assurance, Bakerwals, Gujjars discontinue foot march". Hindustan Times. 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  31. ^ "Why are tribals from Jammu and Kashmir protesting inclusion of Paharis in ST list?". 16 November 2022.
  32. ^ "Shah meets protesting Gujjar-Bakerwals, assures no dilution in their existing quota". DailyExcelsior. 2022-11-24. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  33. ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (2022-11-28). "Gujjar, Bakerwals call off agitation against Paharis' ST status after Amit Shah's assurances". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  34. ^ "Gujjar Leaders Protest in J&K Against Paharis Getting ST Tag, Say Their Inclusion Will Deter Upliftment". News18. 2022-11-07. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  35. ^ https://www.news9live.com/india/jks-gujjar-bakkerwal-communities-up-in-arms-against-st-status-for-paharis-140426 Gujjars up in arms against ST status to Paharis
  36. ^ "Gujjars-Bakerwals, Gaddis oppose ST status to 'Paharis'". DailyExcelsior. 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  37. ^ https://www.risingkashmir.com/-Gujjars--Bakerwals--Gaddis-oppose-ST-status-to--Paharis---appeal-HM-to-intervene-113337 Gujjars, Bakerwals, Gaddis oppose ST status to 'Paharis'; appeal HM to intervene
  38. ^ KO (2021-12-28). "Gujjar-Pahari: The Vicious Divide in Pir Panjal Region". Kashmir Observer. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  39. ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (2022-06-06). "Pir Panjal emerges key electoral battleground to capture power in J&K". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  40. ^ "BJP on their side, Pahari leaders have effectively put their Gujjar counterparts in spot". The Dispatch. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  41. ^ "J&K: Pahari-Gujjar divide sharpens before Amit Shah visit". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  42. ^ https://tribal.nic.in/downloads/Statistics/AnnualReport/AREnglish2021.pdf Tribal Affairs, Govt of India Report 2021 on tribes of India
  43. ^ "The Peak Fault Line". Kashmir Life. 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  44. ^ http://www.schedujammu.nic.in/district%20poonch.html Literacy Rate of Poonch
  45. ^ "Rajouri Population 2023, District Tehsils List, Jammu And Kashmir". www.indiagrowing.com. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  46. ^ "Gujjars, Paharis spar over tribe status". December 2007.
  47. ^ "Gujjars oppose ST status for Paharis".
  48. ^ "Govt push to grant ST status to Pahari community -Mufti". 5 Darya News.
  49. ^ "CM promises ST status to Paharis". Early Times News.
  50. ^ Excelsior, Daily. "MJR-47 demands ST status for PoJK DPs of 1947". DailyExcelsior. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  51. ^ Service, Statesman News. "PoJK refugees call on BJP govt to fulfil their demands before elections". The Statesman. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  52. ^ "Scheduled tribe status for POJK displaced". DailyExcelsior. 2022-08-29. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  53. ^ "PoJK refugee leader threatens self-immolation if 'Pahari' status denied". ThePrint. 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  54. ^ "Schemes State Advisory Board for the development of Pahari Speaking People" (PDF). Social Welfare Department, Jammu and Kashmir Government -Pahari Speaking People Board.
  55. ^ "State Advisory Board for the development of Pahari Speaking People". Jammu and Kashmir Government - Pahari Speaking People Board.
  56. ^ "Pahari Speaking People meet PM with ST status demand". Excelsior News. 3 February 2019.
  57. ^ "Pahari Community Reiterates Demand For ST Status". Jammu Kashmir Archives.
  58. ^ "Pahari Community Reiterates Demand For ST Status". Jammu Kashmir Archives.
  59. ^ "Scheduled Tribe Status for Paharis in J&K". IPCS News.
  60. ^ "Govt of Jammu and Kashmir ordered granting 4% Reservation for Pahari Speaking People of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF). IPEC.
  61. ^ "NC demands Pahari status to erstwhile Doda distt". Daily Excelsior Jammu. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  62. ^ "Row over decision on quota issue Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir refugees claim to be the 'real Paharis'". Daily Excelsior Jammu. Retrieved 1 November 2020.

Read other articles:

Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum

Species of stick insect Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum, female Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Phasmatodea Superfamily: Bacilloidea Family: Heteropterygidae Subfamily: Dataminae Genus: Pylaemenes Species: P. elenamikhailorum Binomial name Pylaemenes elenamikhailorumSeow-Choen, 2016 Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum is a species of stick insects native in Sepilok on Borneo. In application of the more...

 

Anosmia

AnosmiaMukosa hidung yang meradang dapat menyebabkan anosmiaInformasi umumPelafalan/ænˈɒzmiə/SpesialisasiOtolaringologiTipeSebagian, total Anosmia (Bahasa Inggris: smell blindness) adalah hilangnya kemampuan seseorang untuk mencium bau, baik sebagian maupun secara total.[1] Kondisi tersebut juga dapat membuat seseorang tidak bisa merasakan makanan. Sehingga dapat memicu hilangnya nafsu makan, penurunan berat badan, malnutrisi, dan bahkan depresi.[2] Anosmia biasanya bersif...

 

Schwerin – Ludwigslust-Parchim I – Nordwestmecklenburg I

Federal electoral district of Germany 12 Schwerin – Ludwigslust-Parchim I – Nordwestmecklenburg IElectoral districtfor the BundestagSchwerin – Ludwigslust-Parchim I – Nordwestmecklenburg I in 2013StateMecklenburg-VorpommernPopulation269,200 (2019)Electorate214,853 (2021)Major settlementsSchwerinArea3,640.9 km2Current electoral districtCreated2002PartySPDMemberReem Alabali-RadovanElected2021 Schwerin – Ludwigslust-Parchim I – Nordwestmecklenburg I (English: Schwerin – Ludwigslust...

Gracia Baur

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chanteuse allemande. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Gracia BaurBiographieNaissance 18 novembre 1982 (41 ans)Neuperlach (en)Nationalité allemandeActivités Chanteuse, artiste d'enregistrementPériode d'activité depuis 2003Autres informationsCheveux Cheveux blondsYeux BrunLabel BMG Rights ManagementGenre artistique PopSites web gracia-baur.tvwww.g...

 

Thread of Lies

Thread of LiesPoster teatrikalSutradaraLee HanProduserKim Jae-joong Noh Bong-jo Kim Dong-wooDitulis olehLee Sook-yeon Lee HanBerdasarkanElegant Liesoleh Kim Ryeo-ryeongPemeranKim Hee-ae Go Ah-sung Kim Hyang-gi Kim Yoo-jungPenata musikLee Jaw-linSinematograferLee Seung-hyeobPenyuntingNam Na-yeongPerusahaanproduksiUbu Film, Movie RockDistributorCGV Movie Collage (domestic) CJ Entertainment (international)Tanggal rilis 13 Maret 2014 (2014-03-13) Durasi117 menitNegaraKorea SelatanBahas...

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

Auto-GPT

Autonomous AI agent Auto-GPTDeveloper(s)Toran Bruce RichardsInitial releaseMarch 30, 2023Repositorygithub.com/Significant-Gravitas/Auto-GPTWritten inPythonTypeAutonomous artificial intelligence software agentLicenseMIT LicenseWebsitehttps://agpt.co Auto-GPT is an open-source AI agent that, given a goal in natural language, will attempt to achieve it by breaking it into sub-tasks and using the Internet and other tools in an automatic loop.[1] It uses OpenAI's GPT-4 or GPT-3.5 APIs,[...

 

История христианства в Центральной Азии

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

 

Biddi-luxe!

2002 studio album by The Lascivious BiddiesBiddi-luxe!Studio album by The Lascivious BiddiesReleased2002Recorded2002GenreJazz/CabaretThe Lascivious Biddies chronology Biddi-luxe!(2002) Get Lucky(2004) Biddi-luxe! is the debut album of The Lascivious Biddies. Track listing Rhode Island (a.k.a. Coney Island) It's Only a Paper Moon Little D's Daydream Ethel and Esther I'd Rather Alice Headed South Prairie Song Idle Boy Ladies Home Auxiliary Moon River Head Over Heels The Anthem Reference...

Новотитаровское сельское поселение

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

 

Tari Baris Dadap

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

 

جائحة فيروس كورونا في بوتسوانا

جائحة فيروس كورونا في بوتسوانا 2020 المرض مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 السلالة فيروس كورونا المرتبط بالمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الشديدة النوع 2 التواريخ 30 مارس 2020(4 سنوات، و1 شهر، و3 أسابيع) المنشأ الصين المكان  بوتسوانا الوفيات 2,801 (9 مارس 2023)  الحالات المؤكدة 329,758 (9 مارس 2023...

Despina Olympiou

Despina Olympiou (2013) Despina Olympiou (griechisch: Δέσποινα Ολυμπίου; * 17. Oktober 1975 in Limassol) ist eine zyprische Sängerin. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Karriere 2 Diskografie 2.1 Alben 2.2 Singles 3 Weblinks 4 Einzelnachweise Leben und Karriere Sie studierte Klavier und Musiktheorie am Trinity College London. 1993 zog sie nach Athen und sang für Aufnahmen und Liveauftritten diverser Musiker. 2000 erschien ihr Debütalbum. Die Ballade Vale Mousiki, geschrieben vo...

 

Otto Hahn Peace Medal

German peace prize This article is about the prize awarded by the United Nations Association of Germany. For the prize awarded by the Max Planck Society, see Otto Hahn Medal. AwardOtto Hahn Peace Medal in GoldAwarded forOutstanding services to peace, tolerance and international understandingPresented byUnited Nations Association of Germany, LV Berlin-Brandenburg (DGVN)Websitehttps://www.dgvn.berlin/ohfm/  The Otto Hahn Peace Medal in Gold is named after the German nuclear chemist and 194...

 

Donald A. Glaser

American physicist and neurobiologist Donald A. GlaserGlaser in 1960BornDonald Arthur Glaser(1926-09-21)September 21, 1926Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.DiedFebruary 28, 2013(2013-02-28) (aged 86)Berkeley, California, U.S.Alma materCase School of Applied Science (Case Western Reserve University)California Institute of TechnologyKnown forInvention of bubble chamberBusiness executiveSpousesRuth Bonnie Thompson (m. 1960; 2 children)Lynn Bercovitz (m. 1975)AwardsNobel Prize in Physics (1960)...

RÚV

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang perusahaan penyiaran masyarakat. Untuk saluran TV-nya, lihat RÚV (saluran televisi). Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: RÚV – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Artikel ini perlu dikemba...

 

وسام النجمة العسكرية (مصر)

وسام النجمة العسكريةمعلومات عامةمنحت لـ وسام النجمة العسكرية- وجهالبلد  مصر صورة شريط الخدمةتعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات وسام النجمة العسكرية هو وسام عسكري مصري أنشئ في عام 1919 ونقح في 9 يوليو 1953 ويمنح لضباط القوات المسلحة لبطولاتهم في المعارك أو لخدماتهم البار...

 

Salar Jung family

Salar Jung familyCountryHyderabad State, British Indian EmpireConnected membersNizams of HyderabadEstate(s)Diwan Devdi Salarjung The Salar Jung family was a noble Hyderabad family under the Nizams, who ruled from 1720 to 1948. They are credited with safeguarding rare artifacts and collections, which are now at Salar Jung Museum.[1] The family were one of the remaining families of nobles other than the three great Paigah nobles, (who were the highest order of nobility under the Nizams...

Central Provident Fund

For the provident fund of South Africa, see Central Provident Fund (South Africa).Statutory board administering national savings and pension plan Central Provident Fund BoardAgency overviewFormed1 July 1955; 69 years ago (1955-07-01)JurisdictionGovernment of SingaporeHeadquarters238B Thomson Road, #08-00, Novena Square Tower B, Singapore 307685[1]Agency executivesYong Ying-I, Chairman[2]Melissa Khoo, CEOParent agencyMinistry of ManpowerWebsitewww.cpf.gov.sg T...

 

Ruše, Žalec

Place in Styria, SloveniaRušeRušeLocation in SloveniaCoordinates: 46°15′55.22″N 15°11′50.82″E / 46.2653389°N 15.1974500°E / 46.2653389; 15.1974500Country SloveniaTraditional regionStyriaStatistical regionSavinjaMunicipalityŽalecArea • Total0.68 km2 (0.26 sq mi)Elevation267.2 m (876.6 ft)Population (2002) • Total69[1] Ruše (pronounced [ˈɾuːʃɛ]) is a small settlement in the Municip...