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PTV-N-2 Gorgon IV
KDM Plover
PTV-N-2 Gorgon IV; KDM Plover
	A Plover target drone in flight, 1952
Type	Propulsion test vehicle; Target drone
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1947–1952
Used by	United States Navy
Production history
Designed	1945–1947
Manufacturer	Glenn L. Martin Company
No. built	19
Specifications
Mass	1,589 pounds (721 kg)
Length	21 feet 8 inches (6.60 m)
Height	4 feet 4 inches (1.32 m)
Wingspan	10 feet (3.0 m)
Engine	one Marquardt XRJ30-MA ramjet; 1,500 lbf (6,700 N) thrust
Operational; range	70 miles (110 km)
Flight ceiling	35,000 feet (11,000 m)
Maximum speed	Mach 0.85
Guidance; system	Autopilot plus radio command

The PTV-N-2 Gorgon IV was a subsonic ramjet-powered missile developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy. Originally intended as an air-to-surface weapon, it materialized as a propulsion test vehicle, and between 1947 and 1950 was used for test purposes and, as the KDM Plover, as a target drone.

Design and development

Development of the Gorgon IV began in May 1945, when the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics contracted with the Glenn L. Martin Company, as part of Project Gorgon, to develop an air-to-surface missile, powered by a ramjet engine and using active radar homing for guidance. The end of World War II saw a reduction in need for such a weapon, however the contract was continued in 1946 as a propulsion test vehicle, originally designated KUM-1, then PTV-2 before finally being redesignated PTV-N-2.^[1]

The PTV-N-2 was of fairly conventional design, with mildly-swept wings and a conventional empennage; roll control was through spoilerons.^[2] The Marquardt XRJ30 ramjet engine was mounted below the aft fuselage,^[1] and the vehicle was fitted with drag brakes to prevent exceeding the engine's design limits.^[3]

Flight control was through a combination of a preset course via autopilot and radio command guidance;^[4] the vehicle was equipped with radio telemetry to transmit data. Following the end of each test flight, the vehicle would deploy a parachute for recovery in the ocean;^[2] the vehicles were said to be in such good condition that it would be possible to re-fly them after cleaning them of salt water residue.^[5]

Operational history

Nineteen PTV-N-2s were produced,^[2] with flight tests beginning in July 1947;^[1] in November, the program having adopted Northrop F2T night-fighters as launch aircraft,^[6] the Gorgon IV first achieved high-speed flight, reaching approximately Mach 0.85;^[1] it was the first ramjet-powered winged aircraft to successfully fly in the United States,^[2] and it was claimed that the missile's speed was deliberately restricted to keep it below the speed of sound.^[5] A flight time of 11 minutes 15 seconds, a record at the time for ramjets, was achieved on the second flight test.^[2]

The test program continued through December 1949, originally at the Naval Air Missile Test Center test range at Point Mugu, California; testing was later moved to the Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station in Chincoteague, Virginia in order to be closer to Martin's factory.^[7] The Navy began a refit of USS Norton Sound to test the feasibility of launching Gorgon IVs from an at-sea platform,^[7] however the project was cancelled before completion.^[8] Despite this the program was considered to be "very successful" by the Navy.^[6] Following the end of the program, the remaining PTV-N-2s were assigned as target drones, given the designation KDM-1 Plover.^[1] The Gorgon IV airframe was also used as the basis of the ASM-N-5 Gorgon V chemical weapons dispenser.^[1]

Surviving aircraft

A recovered Gorgon IV was donated by the U.S. Navy to the National Air and Space Museum in 1966; it is on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.^[8]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Parsch 2005
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Navy Flies First Ram-Jet Pilotless Aircraft". Naval Aviation News (278). Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Naval Aeronautics: 15. January 1948.
^ "The Flight of Gorgon IV". Flying. 45 (1). Chicago: Ziff-Davis Publishing Company: 21. July 1949.
^ Ordway and Wakeford 1960, p.182
^ ^a ^b "Gorgon IV Sets Record for Ramjets". Popular Science. 154 (2). New York: Popular Science Publishing Co.: 129 February 1949.
^ ^a ^b Kolln 2009, p.115.
^ ^a ^b Flight International, Volume 55, p. 139 (1949)
^ ^a ^b "Gorgon IV Target Drone". National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2017-12-04.

Bibliography

Kolln, Jeff (2009). Northrop's Night Hunter: The P-61 Black Widow. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-122-2.
Ordway, Frederick Ira; Ronald C. Wakeford (1960). International Missile and Spacecraft Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill. ASIN B000MAEGVC.
Parsch, Andreas (4 January 2005). "Martin ASM-N-5 Gorgon V (and other NAMU Gorgon variants)". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles, Appendix 1: Early Missiles and Drones. Designation-Systems. Retrieved 2017-12-04.