PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Names
	Tū Tūnuiʻēʻaiteatua Pōmare II

Pōmare II
Pōmare II
King of Tahiti
Reign	1782 – 7 December 1821
Coronation	13 February 1791
Predecessor	Pōmare I
Successor	Pōmare III
Regent	Pōmare I
Born	c. 1782
Died	7 December 1821; Motu Uta, Papeete, Tahiti
Burial	Pōmare Royal Cemetery, Papaʻoa, ʻArue
Spouse	Tetuanui Tarovahine; Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe; Teriʻitariʻa Ariʻipaea Vahine
Issue	Pōmare IV; Teinaiti; Pōmare III
Names
Names
	Tū Tūnuiʻēʻaiteatua Pōmare II
House	House of Pōmare
Father	Pōmare I
Mother	Tetua-nui-reia-i-te-ra'i-atea
Religion	Tahitian; later Reformed

Pōmare II (c. 1782 – 7 December 1821) (fully Tu Tunuieaiteatua Pōmare II or in modern orthography Tū Tū-nui-ʻēʻa-i-te-atua Pōmare II; historically misspelled as Tu Tunuiea'aite-a-tua), was the second king of Tahiti between 1782 and 1821. He was installed by his father Pōmare I at Tarahoi, 13 February 1791. He ruled under regency from 1791 to 1803.^{[citation needed]}

Life

Initially recognised as supreme sovereign and Ariʻi-maro-ʻura by the ruler of Huahine, he was subsequently forced from Tahiti and took refuge in Moʻorea on 22 December 1808, but returned and defeated his enemies at the Battle of Te Feipī, on 11 November 1815.^[2]^[3]^{[note 1]} He was thereafter recognised as undisputed king (Te Ariʻi-nui-o-Tahiti) of Tahiti, Moʻorea and its dependencies.

On 15 November 1815, he proclaimed himself King of Tahiti and Moʻorea in the name of the Christian God.^[6]^[7]

Pōmare II extended his realm to land outside of the Society Islands. He inherited his father's dominion over the Tuamotus and settled many conflicts between the disparate local chieftains in 1817 and 1821. However, his family's rule only extended to the eastern and central portions of the Tuamotus archipelago. In 1819, the king took nominal possession of Raivavae and Tubuai in the Austral Islands, although control was relegated to the local chiefs.^[8]^[9]

Conversion to Christianity

Pomare II believed that he lost favour with the god 'Oro, and, aided by the missionary Henry Nott, he began paying more attention to the God of the Christians.

He was baptised on 16 May 1819 at the Royal Chapel, Papeʻete – Christianity and the support of English missionaries aided the centralisation of monarchic power.

Three London Missionary Society missionaries, Henry Bicknell, William Henry, and Charles Wilson preached at the baptism of King Pōmare II. Afterwards, "Henry Bicknell stood on the steps of the pulpit, took water from a basin held by William Henry, and poured it" on King Pōmare's head.^[10]

Today a majority of 54% of the French Polynesian population belongs to various Protestant churches, especially the Maohi Protestant Church which is the largest and accounts for more than 50% of the population.^[11] It traces its origins to Pomare II, the king of Tahiti, who converted from traditional beliefs to the Reformed tradition brought to the islands by the London Missionary Society.

Family

Pōmare II was married first before March 1797 (betrothed January 1792) to his double first cousin Tetua-nui Taro-vahine, Ariʻi of Vaiari (now Papeari), who died at ʻArue, on 21 July 1806. Around 1809, he married two sisters: Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe and Teriʻitariʻa who were daughters of Tamatoa III, Ariʻi Rahi of Raiatea.^[12]

With his second wife Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe, he had three children:^[12]^[1]

ʻAimata (28 February 1813 – 17 September 1877), who ruled as Pōmare IV
Teinaiti (21 November 1817^[13] – 20 March 1818), who died young
Teriʻitariʻa (25 June 1820 – 8 January 1827), who ruled as Pōmare III

Death

Pōmare died of alcohol-related causes at Motu Uta, Papeete, Tahiti on 7 December 1821.^{[citation needed]}

He was succeeded by his son Pōmare III, who reigned 1821–1827.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Pōmare II

8. Tu-moe-hania

4. Teu Tunuieaite Atua

9. Tetua-huria

2. Pōmare I

10. Tamatoa III

5. Tetupaia-i-Hauiri

11. Mai-he’a

1. Pōmare II

12. Teri’i-Vaetua-i-Ahura’i

6. Teihotu-i-Ahura’i

13. Airoro-ana’a-i-Farepu’a

3. Tetua-nui-reia-i-te-raʻi-atea

14. Punua Teraitua-i-Nu’urua

7. Vave’a Tetua-nui-rei-a-ite Ra’iatea

15. Fetefete-te-ui

Notes

^ Te Feipī translates as "the Ripe Plantain" in Tahitian.^[4] The British missionaries recorded that the Battle of Te Feipī occurred on the Sabbath 12 November 1815. However, the local Tahitian calendar was one day ahead of the rest of the world and was not corrected until 1848.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 249.
^ Sissons 2014, pp. 48–52.
^ 1815 – La bataille de Fei Pi. Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française
^ Adams 1901, p. 158.
^ Newbury 1980, pp. 37, 124.
^ Kirk 2012, p. 51.
^ Layton 2015, p. 131.
^ Gonschor 2008, pp. 39–42.
^ Kirk 2012, pp. 158–159.
^ The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 28.
^ "126th Maohi Protestant Church Synod to last one week". Tahitipresse. 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
^ ^a ^b Teissier 1978, pp. 50–54.
^ The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle. 1818. p. 545.

Bibliography

Adams, Henry (1901). Tahiti: Memoirs of Arii Taimai. Ridgewood, NJ: The Gregg Press. OCLC 21482.
Davies, John (2017) [1961]. Newbury, Colin W. (ed.). The History of the Tahitian Mission, 1799–1830, Written by John Davies, Missionary to the South Sea Islands: With Supplementary Papers of the Missionaries. London: The Hakluyt Society. doi:10.4324/9781315557137. ISBN 978-1-317-02871-0. OCLC 992401577.
Dodd, Edward (1983). The Rape of Tahiti. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN 978-0-396-08114-2. OCLC 8954158.
Dening, Greg (April 1986). "Possessing Tahiti". Archaeology in Oceania. 21 (1). Sydney: Wiley for Oceania Publications, University of Sydney: 103–118. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1986.tb00130.x. JSTOR 40386717. OCLC 5697479565.
Ellis, William (1834). Polynesian Researches, During a Residence of Nearly Eight Years in the Society and Sandwich Islands. Vol. II (2nd ed.). London: Fisher, Son, & Jackson. OCLC 1061902349.
Ellis, William (1831). Polynesian Researches, During a Residence of Nearly Eight Years in The Society and Sandwich Islands. Vol. III (2nd ed.). London: Fisher, Son & Jackson. OCLC 221587368.
Ellis, William (1831). A Vindication of the South Sea Missions from the Misrepresentations of Otto Von Kotzebue, Captain in the Russian Navy: With an Appendix. London: F. Westley and A.H. Davis. OCLC 14184834.
Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle (October 1816). "South Sea Mission". The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle. London: Williams and Son. pp. 405–409. OCLC 682032291.
Garrett, John (1982). To Live Among the Stars: Christian Origins in Oceania. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 978-2-8254-0692-2. OCLC 17485209.
Gunson, Niel (June 1962). "An Account of the Mamaia or Visionary Heresy of Tahiti, 1826–1841". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 71 (2). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 209–243. JSTOR 20703998. OCLC 5544737364.
Gunson, Niel (January 1966). "Journal of a Visit to Raivavae in October 1819: By Pomare II, King of Tahiti". The Journal of Pacific History. 1 (1). Canberra: Australian National University: 199–203. doi:10.1080/00223346608572091. JSTOR 25167875. OCLC 5543899233.
Gunson, Niel (July 2016). "Manuscript XXX: The Letters of Pā". The Journal of Pacific History. 51 (3). Canberra: Australian National University: 330–342. doi:10.1080/00223344.2016.1230076. OCLC 6835510203. S2CID 163709722.
Gunson, Niel (January 1969). "Pomare II of Tahiti and Polynesian Imperialism". The Journal of Pacific History. 4 (1). Canberra: Australian National University: 65–82. doi:10.1080/00223346908572146. JSTOR 25167978. OCLC 4655132074.
Gunson, Niel (July 1987). "Sacred Women Chiefs and Female 'Headmen' in Polynesian History". The Journal of Pacific History. 22 (3). Canberra: Australian National University: 139–172. doi:10.1080/00223348708572563. JSTOR 25168930. OCLC 5543864601.
Henry, Teuira; Orsmond, John Muggridge (1928). Ancient Tahiti. Vol. 48. Honolulu: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. OCLC 3049679.
Kirk, Robert W. (2012). Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520–1920. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-9298-5. OCLC 1021200953.
Gonschor, Lorenz Rudolf (August 2008). Law as a Tool of Oppression and Liberation: Institutional Histories and Perspectives on Political Independence in Hawaiʻi, Tahiti Nui/French Polynesia and Rapa Nui (PDF) (MA thesis). Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa. hdl:10125/20375. OCLC 798846333.
Layton, Monique (2015). The New Arcadia: Tahiti's Cursed Myth. Victoria, BC: FriesenPress. ISBN 978-1-4602-6860-5. OCLC 930600657.
London Missionary Society (1818). Narrative of the Mission at Otaheite, and other islands in the South Seas; commenced by the London Missionary Society in the year 1797, with a map, etc. London: London Missionary Society. OCLC 228695988.
Martin, Henry Byam (1981). The Polynesian Journal of Captain Henry Byam Martin, R. N. (PDF). Canberra: Australian National University Press. hdl:1885/114833. ISBN 978-0-7081-1609-8. OCLC 8329030.
Matsuda, Matt K. (2005). "Society Islands: Tahitian Archives". Empire of Love: Histories of France and the Pacific. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–112. ISBN 978-0-19-534747-0. OCLC 191036857.
Moerenhout, Jacques Antoine (1837). Voyages aux îles du Grand Océan. Paris: Arthur Bertrand. OCLC 962425535.
Moerenhout, Jacques Antoine; Borden, Arthur R. (1993). Travels to the islands of the Pacific Ocean. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-8191-8898-4. OCLC 26503299.
Mortimer, Favell Lee (1838). The Night of Toil; or, A Familiar Account of the Labors of the First Missionaries in the South Sea Islands (1 ed.). London: J. Hatchard & Son. OCLC 752899081.
Newbury, Colin W. (March 1967). "Aspects of Cultural Change in French Polynesia: The Decline of the Ari'i". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 76 (1). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 7–26. JSTOR 20704439. OCLC 6015277685.
Newbury, Colin W. (September 2009). "Pacts, Alliances and Patronage: Modes of Influence and Power in the Pacific". The Journal of Pacific History. 44 (2). Canberra: Australian National University: 141–162. doi:10.1080/00223340903142108. JSTOR 40346712. OCLC 4648099874. S2CID 142362747.
Newbury, Colin W. (March 1973). "Resistance and Collaboration in French Polynesia: the Tahitian War: 1844–7". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 82 (1). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 5–27. JSTOR 20704899. OCLC 5544738080.
Newbury, Colin W. (1980). Tahiti Nui: Change and Survival in French Polynesia, 1767–1945 (PDF). Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. hdl:10125/62908. ISBN 978-0-8248-8032-3. OCLC 1053883377.
Newbury, Colin W.; Darling, Adam J. (December 1967). "Te Hau Pahu Rahi: Pomare II and the Concept of Interisland Government in Eastern Polynesia". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 76 (4). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 477–514. JSTOR 20704508. OCLC 6015244633.
Oliver, Douglas L. (1974). Ancient Tahitian Society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctvp2n5ds. hdl:1885/114907. ISBN 978-0-8248-8453-6. OCLC 1126284798. S2CID 165869849.
O'Reilly, Patrick; Teissier, Raoul (1962). Tahitiens: répertoire bio-bibliographique de la Polynésie française (1st ed.). Paris: Musée de l'homme. OCLC 1001078211.
Orsmond, John Muggridge; Smith, S. Percy (March 1893). "The Genealogy of the Pomare Family of Tahiti, from the Papers of the Rev. J. M. Orsmond. With Notes Thereon by S. Percy Smith". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 2 (1). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 25–43. JSTOR 20701269. OCLC 5544732839.
Perkins, Edward T. (1854). Na Motu, or, Reef-Rovings in the South Seas: a Narrative of Adventures at the Hawaiian, Georgian and Society Islands. New York: Pudney & Russell. ISBN 9785870949536. OCLC 947055236.
Pōmare II (July 1812). "Translation of a Letter from Pomarre, King of Otaheite, to the Rev. W. Henry, one of the Missionaries who had long resided on that Island, and who has, with several others, lately returned to it". The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle. London: Williams and Son. pp. 281–282. OCLC 682032291.
Pōmare II (1819). "Translation Of A Letter From Pomare, King of Otaheite, &c. To Mr. John Eyre, At Paramatta". The American Baptist Magazine, and Missionary Intelligencer. Vol. 2. Boston: James Loring, and Lincoln & Edmands. pp. 69–70. OCLC 1047669001.
Pritchard, George (1983). The Aggressions of the French at Tahiti: And Other Islands in the Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-647994-1. OCLC 10470657.
Pritchard, George (1878). Queen Pomare and Her Country. London: Elliot Stock. OCLC 663667911.
Richards, Rhys (June 2005). "Manuscript XVII: Who Taught Pomare to Read? Unpublished Comments by a Missionary Surgeon on Tahiti in May 1807 to October 1810, and Journal Entries by an Able Seaman at Tahiti in 1811". The Journal of Pacific History. 40 (1). Canberra: Australian National University: 105–115. doi:10.1080/00223340500082467. JSTOR 25169732. OCLC 6015502414. S2CID 219625801.
Salmond, Anne (2009). Aphrodite's Island: The European Discovery of Tahiti. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26114-3. OCLC 317461764.
Sissons, Jeffrey (November 2008). "Heroic History and Chiefly Chapels in 19th Century Tahiti". Oceania. 78 (3). Sydney: Wiley for Oceania Publications, University of Sydney: 320–331. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.2008.tb00044.x. JSTOR 40495590. OCLC 5154119332.
Sissons, Jeffrey (November 2011). "History as Sacrifice: The Polynesian Iconoclasm". Oceania. 81 (3). Sydney: Wiley for Oceania Publications, University of Sydney: 302–315. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.2011.tb00110.x. JSTOR 23209537. OCLC 5156601630.
Sissons, Jeffrey (2014). The Polynesian Iconoclasm: Religious Revolution and the Seasonality of Power. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78238-414-4. JSTOR j.ctt9qcvw9. OCLC 885451227.
Smith, Thomas (1825). The History and Origin of the Missionary Societies, Etc. (Appendix.). London. OCLC 1063996422.
Stevenson, Karen; Rousseau, Cécile (1982). Artifacts of the Pomare Family. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Commons Gallery, Punaauia : Le musée de Tahiti et des îles, 1981. OCLC 490711845.
Stevenson, Karen (June 2014). "ʻAimata, Queen Pomare IV: Thwarting Adversity in Early 19th Century Tahiti". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 123 (2). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 129–144. doi:10.15286/jps.123.2.129-144. JSTOR 43286236. OCLC 906004458.
Stewart, Charles Samuel (1832). A Visit to the South Seas, in the U.S. Ship Vincennes, During the Years 1829 and 1830: With Notices of Brazil, Peru, Manilla, the Cape of Good Hope, and St. Helena. Vol. 1. London: Fisher, Son, & Jackson. OCLC 1021222101.
Teissier, Raoul (1978). "Chefs et notables des Établissements Français de l'Océanie au temps du protectorat: 1842–1850". Bulletin de la Société des Études Océaniennes (202). Papeete: Société des Études Océaniennes. OCLC 9510786.
Tyerman, Daniel; Bennet, George (1832). Journal of Voyages and Travels by the Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet, Esq: Deputed from the London Missionary Society, to Visit Their Various Stations in the South Sea Islands, China, India, &c. Between the Years 1821 and 1829. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. OCLC 847088.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Pōmare I	King of Tahiti 1782–1821	Succeeded by Pōmare III

[6] Te Feipī translates as "the Ripe Plantain" in Tahitian.^[4] The British missionaries recorded that the Battle of Te Feipī occurred on the Sabbath 12 November 1815. However, the local Tahitian calendar was one day ahead of the rest of the world and was not corrected until 1848.^[5]

[FOOTNOTEHenryOrsmond1928249-1] Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 249.

[FOOTNOTESissons201448–52-2] Sissons 2014, pp. 48–52.

[histoire.assemblee310-3] 1815 – La bataille de Fei Pi. Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française

[FOOTNOTEAdams1901158-4] Adams 1901, p. 158.

[FOOTNOTENewbury198037,_124-5] Newbury 1980, pp. 37, 124.

[FOOTNOTEKirk201251-7] Kirk 2012, p. 51.

[FOOTNOTELayton2015131-8] Layton 2015, p. 131.

[FOOTNOTEGonschor200839–42-9] Gonschor 2008, pp. 39–42.

[FOOTNOTEKirk2012158–159-10] Kirk 2012, pp. 158–159.

[11] The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 28.

[tahitipresse-12] "126th Maohi Protestant Church Synod to last one week". Tahitipresse. 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

[FOOTNOTETeissier197850–54-13] Teissier 1978, pp. 50–54.

[14] The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle. 1818. p. 545.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[note 1]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[4]

[5]

Pōmare II