The Ovens and Murray Football Netball League (OMFNL or O&MFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball competition containing ten clubs based in north-eastern Victoria, the southern Riverina region of New South Wales and the Ovens and Murray area. The name comes from the Ovens River, the river in the part of north-eastern Victoria covered by the league, and the Murray River, which separates Victoria and New South Wales.
The league features three grades in the Australian rules football competition, with these being Seniors, Reserve-Grade and Under 18s. In the netball competition, there are four grades, with these being A-Grade, B-Grade, C-Grade and Under 16s.
Currently a home and away season consisting of eighteen rounds is played. The best five teams then play off according to the McIntyre system, culminating in the O&MFNL Grand Final, which from 1995 to 2017 was held at the Lavington Sports Ground in the Albury suburb of Hamilton Valley.
History
Beginnings of the O&MFA
Organised competition in the area started as the "Ovens & Murray Football Association" in 1893, with the following foundation clubs – Beechworth Wanderers, Chiltern, Eldorado, Rutherglen, Wangaratta City and Wangaratta West End,[1] with Beechworth Football Club winning premierships in 1893 and 1894 and Rutherglen winning thirteen O&MFA flags between 1895 and 1915.[2]
In 1910, the O&MFA had only three teams – Albury, Excelsior and Rutherglen with Rutherglen winning the premiership.[3]
Then in 1911, both Excelsior and Rutherglen applied to enter the Rutherglen and District Football Association. As a result, the O&MFL folded, with local teams attempting to apply to play in the Rutherglen & DFA. A ballot took place at a Rutherglen & DFA meeting on 29 April at Mackay's Hotel, Rutherglen which resulted in Balldale, North Albury, Rutherglen, South Albury and Wodonga being refused admission to join the association. Corowa, Excelsior and Lake Rovers were club's that were admitted.[4] In 1911, the Albury Football Club was planning to divide the club into South Albury and North Albury teams, but as they were not admitted into the Rutherglen & DFA, the club went into recess in 1911. Rutherglen FC also went into recess in 1911.[5]
Albury FC and Rutherglen FC were admitted into the Rutherglen & DFA in 1912.[6]
In 1913, the Rutherglen & DFA consisting of the following teams – Albury, Balldale, Border United, Howlong, Lake Rovers and Rutherglen,[7] with Albury defeating Rutherglen in the grand final at the Albury Sportground.[8]
The competition reformed under the Ovens & Murray Football Association banner again in 1914, involving the following five teams: Albury, Border United, Howlong, Lake Rovers and Rutherglen. Balldale FC entered the Coreen & District Football League in 1914.[9]
After a three-year break due to World War I, the O&MFA reformed for the 1919 season with only four clubs, Border United Football Club (Corowa based), Howlong, Lake Rovers and Rutherglen.[11] Albury Football Club was reformed in early 1919 and played in the Albury Senior Football Association with two teams – South Albury and North Albury,[12] with St. Patrick's FC defeating South Albury Football Club in the grand final on the Albury Sportsground.[13]
In 1920 the O&MFA didn't reform; "It seems strange that the O&MFA has apparently been allowed to die a natural death" with only two club's present at the O&MFA – AGM.,[14][15] with some clubs moving to play in the Chiltern & DFA and Coreen & DFA.
The competition reformed in 1921 with Lakes Rovers, Rutherglen, St Patricks, Corowa, Springhurst and Wahgunyah. In 1922, larger town clubs Benalla and Wangaratta joined the OMFA whilst Wahgunyah and Springhurst moved to the Chiltern DFL.
In 1926, the O&M name was changed from an association to a league, its present form. Around this time the clubs contesting the league included Wangaratta, Hume Weir (which drew many of its players from workers constructing the Hume Dam at the time), Yarrawonga and two clubs from the town of Albury, St Patricks and Albury club). These two clubs were largely divided amongst sectarian lines, St Patricks being Roman Catholic and Albury being Protestant and, after much tension, in 1929 the two clubs agreed to disband and form two new clubs, East Albury Football Club and West Albury Football Club, with the player base to be drawn geographically.
Following the 1930 season, a 19 year old West Albury player, Haydn Bunton, who has sometimes been described as the best ever player of Australian rules,[18] was recruited by VFL club Fitzroy. Bunton won Brownlow Medals in 1931, 1932 and 1935, before transferring to Subiaco in the WANFL, where he won Sandover Medals in 1938, 1939 and 1941. Bunton has remained one of only four triple Brownlow medallists, and the only player to have been awarded three Brownlows and three Sandovers. (Bunton Park, where North Albury Football Club is based, was named after his brother Cleaver Bunton, who was elected president of the O&MFL in 1930 and would serve in that role until 1969. Cleaver Bunton was also mayor of Albury for 30 years.)
At the O&MFA's 1936 Annual General Meeting, it was announced that the Border United FC would merge with the Albury Football Club as both clubs were in debt and also due to a lack of players. The newly merged team took on the name of the Albury Football Club.[21] This left the City of Albury with only one football team.
Post-World War II
In 1940, the league went into recess after round 10 for the duration of World War II, before full competition resumed in 1946. In 1945, Rutherglen, played in the Chiltern & District Football Association and Wodonga played in the Albury Border Football Association in 1945. In 1947 North Albury was admitted, followed by Wangaratta Rovers and Myrtleford, who were admitted from the Ovens & King Football League in 1950. Wangaratta won four consecutive premierships between 1949 and 1953, under captain coach, Mac Holten.
The Wangaratta Rovers would go on to dominate the O&M for the remainder of the 20th Century, winning fifteen premierships to date, a number only recently overhauled by Albury with their own streak of flags.
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s the league began to gain a reputation within Victoria as being the strongest competition outside the then VFL and VFA. The best players were often recruited from the O&M to play for one of the "city" clubs, but it was not uncommon for a VFL player to retire from the "big" league and play in the O&M or another country league, and perhaps start a coaching career there as well, often at the same time as a playing coach. One notable example of this, as far as the O&M was concerned, was Bob Rose, who left Collingwood as a player in 1955 and became captain coach of the Wangaratta Rovers and lead them to two premierships in 1958 and 1960, after which he returned to Collingwood to continue his coaching career.
1970s and 1980s
In 1968, the VFL introduced country recruitment zones throughout Victoria and Riverina, which limited the areas from which each VFL club could recruit. The O&MFL was allocated to North Melbourne, and thus quite a few of the better players from the O&M came to play for the Kangaroos, contributing in part to that club's rise to success in the 1970s. These included Mick Nolan, Xavier Tanner, Gary Cowton, Peter Chisnall and John Byrne and later John Longmire, who had a good season with Corowa-Rutherglen as a goal kicking forward in O&M seniors in 1987. The zoning system was discontinued in the late 1980s as the VFL/AFL introduced a draft system.
The Wangaratta Rovers dominated the 1970s, playing in ten grand finals between 1970 and 1980, winning seven premierships and finishing third in 1973.
The makeup of the competition remained stable until 1979, when Corowa and Rutherglen merged into Corowa-Rutherglen, and the Lavington Football Club was finally admitted from the Farrer Football League, so the number of clubs remained at ten.
Lavington's home ground, the Lavington Sports Club Oval, provided an ideal venue for many sports as the sports club gradually developed it after its construction in the 1970s. The league has designated it as the venue for most of the league's grand finals since the 1980s. Recently, added assistance for the staging of the grand final through regional promotion and in-kind sponsorship has been provided by the Albury City Council.
In 1983, after an unsuccessful debut season playing for Hawthorn the previous year, Gary Ablett played for Myrtleford in the O&M for a year, before he was recruited by Geelong where he recommenced his career in the VFL/AFL and established himself as one of the code's best players, being inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2005.
By the late 1980s, the Wodonga Demons of the Tallangatta League had made a number of bids to join the O&M, and in 1989 were accepted into the competition to serve the west of the city of Wodonga, based at Birralee Park. They changed their name to the Wodonga Raiders Football Club so as to not cause confusion with the Benalla Demons and the long established Wodonga Football Club.
Around a minute after the start of the 1990 grand final between Lavington and Wodonga, a brawl began players, which lasted for around three minutes.[22] Fifteen players received a combined total of 68 matches in suspensions following the match − a combined 46 for Lavington players and 22 for Wodonga players.[23]
Footage of the brawls, which was broadcast live Prime Television, was shown across Australia and around the world, and it has been described as the OMFL's "darkest day".[24][25]
Wodonga won the match by 20 points, despite having trailed at the first three breaks, marking the club's fifth senior premiership. This was the second premiership for Jeff Gieschen as Wodonga coach, having coached the club to a victory in 1987, and he later went on to coach West Perth and Richmond.[26]
Recent years
In 1998, after a string of unsuccessful seasons in the O&M, Benalla moved to the Goulburn Valley Football League. In 2000 the Penrith Panthers Leagues Club, financiers of the Penrith PanthersNational Rugby League team, merged with the Lavington Sports Club. As a result, the Lavington Football Club changed their nickname from the Blues to the Panthers, added "Panthers" to their title, and adopted a guernsey in the same colours as the NRL Panthers, but in the Port Adelaide AFL pattern.
Also around this time, the Wagga Tigers Football Club, which had dominated the Riverina Football League, made a bid to join the O&MFL; however, partially due to concerns from the league's southern clubs about travel times, the bid was rejected. The Wagga Tigers then successfully bid to join AFL Canberra.
In 2000 the O&MFL, in an association with the AFLNorth Melbourne Football Club, fielded a team in the Victorian Football League called the Murray Kangaroos, playing home games between Coburg and Lavington. However, due to concerns from O&M clubs about player availability, the Kangaroos about travel time, and poor attendances compared with O&M league games, the venture was discontinued after three seasons and the Kangaroos subsequently set up an affiliation with the established VFL club Port Melbourne.
The league operates with a $125,000 salary cap. The Wangaratta Magpies exceeded this in 2022, and the club was stripped of its 2022 premiership flag, a first in country football, among other penalties.[27]
The club monikers listed above for former clubs are the ones they currently use and may not be their monikers used when playing in the Ovens and Murray league.
Club Mergers
1877: Corowa FC & Wahgunyah FC merged between 1877 & 1905, then 1914 & 1919, and 1944 & 1947 and were known as Border United FC (Corowa based).
1907: Lake Moodemere and Rutherglen FC merged just prior to the start of the 1907 O&MFA season[33] and were then known as Rutherglen FC.
1924: Albury FC and the Diggers FC merge and apply for admission into the Ovens and Murray Football League as Albury FC.
1924: Lake Rovers Football Club amalgamated with the Rutherglen Football Club and be known as Rutherglen FC.
1929: Benalla FC and Benalla Rovers FC merged to become Benalla Rovers FC,[34] before changing back to Benalla FC in 1931.[35]
1930: Hume Weir Football Club and Ebden Rovers Football Club merged to become the Weir United Football Club.
1930: Wangaratta FC (O&MFL) and Wangaratta Rovers FC (O&KFL) merged in 1930 and entered one team in the O&MFL & another team in the O&KFL. Wangaratta Rovers reformed as a stand-alone club in 1945 and entered a team in the O&KFL, before joining the O&MFL in 1950.
1933: East Albury Football Club and Weir United Football Club merge to become the Border United Football Club (Albury based) and wore green and white jumpers.
1933: West Albury Football Club changed its name to the Albury Football Club and remained in the West Albury colours of maroon and blue.
1936: Border United FC would merge with the Albury Football Club and be known as Albury FC.
1979: Corowa FC and Rutherglen FC merge to become Corowa / Rutherglen FC.
League honour boards
Premierships
Premiers: Year By Year
Season
Seniors (Football 1893–)
Reserves (Football 1953–)
Thirds (Football 1973–)
A Grade (Netball 1993–)
B Grade (Netball 1993–)
C Grade (Netball 1996–)
D Grade (Netball 2012–)
E Grade (Netball 2023–)
Rutherglen & District Football Association (1893–1913)[36]
(a): Wangaratta Magpies were stripped of their 2022 senior premiership due to salary cap breaches under the AFL Victoria Player Points System and Allowable Player Payments Rules. The premiership was withheld by the OMNFL rather than awarding it to the runners up, Yarrawonga Pigeons, following the precedent set by the National Rugby League after the Melbourne Storm salary cap breach.[43]
(1): This number represents the number of premierships won.
Since 1972 the OMFL has used the "McIntyre system". The final series is played over four weekends, with the grand final traditionally being played on the third weekend of September. Also normally there is no home ground advantage is awarded any teams, instead the O&M board deems where the finals will be held, with all finals for both Football & Netball are played at the one venue during each final day. The Grand Final since 1995 has been held at Lavington Sports Ground ("Lavington Panthers Oval") in the Albury suburb of Hamilton Valley.
Qualifying final
Major Semi-final
Preliminary final
Grand Final
"C"
1st on Ladder
Home
"F"
Winner Major Semi-Final
Home
Winner Qualifying Final
Away
Winner Preliminary Final
Away
"A"
2nd on Ladder
Home
"E"
Loser Major Semi-Final
Home
3rd on Ladder
Away
Minor Semi-final
Winner Minor Semi-Final
Away
"D"
Loser Qualifying Final
Home
"B"
4th on Ladder
Home
Winner Elimination Final
Away
5th on Ladder
Away
2024 Finals Series
Qualifying and elimination finals
Major Semi-final
Preliminary final
Grand Final
1
Yarrawonga
17.9 (111)
Yarrawonga
9.15 (69)
Wangaratta Rovers
5.10 (40)
Wangaratta Rovers
11.6 (72)
2
Wangaratta Rovers
12.11 (83)
Wangaratta Rovers
16.9 (105)
3
Wangaratta
5.9 (39)
Minor Semi-final
North Albury
11.4 (70)
Wangaratta
12.8 (80)
4
North Albury
11.5 (71)
North Albury
12.10 (82)
5
Wodonga
10.8 (68)
O&MFNL – Club Championships
Cleaver E. Bunton Football Championships
From 1953 to 1972 total points were based on the most ladder points across the seniors and reserves grades of O&MFL football. Unsure what year this award was first given.
From 1973 onwards, this award is based on the most ladder points across all three grades of O&MFL football.
The Morris Medal is given for the best and fairest senior player in the O&MFL during the home and away season at a vote count held in the week preceding the grand final. The award is similar to the AFL's Brownlow Medal, with match day umpires awarding 3, 2 and 1 votes to the best players in each match. The medal has been donated by C H Morris & Sons Wines of Rutherglen since 1933.[45]
John Smith of North Albury in 1974 (polled 16 votes).
The player who has won the most Morris Medals is Robbie Walker, who won five whilst playing for the Wangaratta Rovers, followed by Jim Sandral (Corowa) and John Brunner (Yarrawonga) with three apiece.
In 2000 the O&MFNL awarded retrospective Morris Medals to senior competition footballers (but not to reserves and thirds grade players) who had polled the same number of votes as the winner, but finished second under the count-back system in years gone by and been denied the honour of a medal. The players who received these medals were - Lance Oswald 1957, Bob Rose 1958, Jim Sandral 1964, Alby Dunn 1965, Jack O'Halloran 1975, Mike Andrews 1976, Greg O'Brien 1976 and Ken Boundy 1977.
Football: Reserves Best and Fairest
The Reserves Leo Burke Medal is awarded for the best and fairest seconds football player in the O&MFL during the home and away season. This award was originally called the Ralph Marks Award from 1953 to 1963. Marks was a former president of North Albury and an O&MFL official. Marks was the O&MFL Secretary from 1970 to 1975. This award was then called the Les Cuddon Award from 1964 to 1975, who was an O&MFL official from Rutherglen. Leo Burke from Burke's Hotel, Yarrawonga then took over as the award donor in 1975.[53]
1954 – K Teakle won on a countback. Aitken & Purss, both polled 9 votes in this award, but lost on a count back and have never received a retrospective medal like others have in the Morris Medal.
1957 – Norm Hawking (Rutherglen) also won the 1951 O&MFL Morris Medal too.
1968 – Norm Hogan won on a countback. Alan Benton lost on a count back and has never received a retrospective medal like others have in the Morris Medal.
1969 – Alan Daniel won on a countback. Flower lost on a count back and has never received a retrospective medal like others have in the Morris Medal.
1971 winner, Terry Burgess & 1996 winner, Scott Burgess are father and son.
2013 – Ben Dower (Albury) was ineligible to win after being suspended during the home and away series.
2022 – Xavier Leslie (Yarrawonga) also won the 2013 O&MFNL Morris Medal too.
Football: Under 18 / Thirds Best and Fairest
The Thirds / Under 18 competition commenced in 1973 and the Leo Dean Medal is awarded for the best and fairest thirds football player in the O&MFL during the home and away season. This award was originally called the 3NE Award for the Thirds competition inaugural year in 1973 to 1984.
Leo Andrew Dean was a talented young former Wangaratta player who tragically died on Monday, 3 September 1984, at 20 years of age[61] and this award is in memory of him.[62]
1983 – Rod Brewster (Benalla) won on a countback. Michael Moore (Myrtleford) lost on a count back, but did receive a retrospective medal in 2023.
1985 – John Pulling (Corowa Rutherglen) won on a countback. Paul Greaves (Benalla) lost on a count back, but did receive a retrospective medal in 2023.
1989 – Daine Hochfeld (Wangaratta Rovers) polled the most votes, but was deemed ineligible due to a two-week suspension for abusive language during the home and away series.
1991 – Craig McBrien (Lavington) polled 13 x three votes.
1998 – Myrtleford brothers, Greg, Mark and Justin Knobel have all won a O&MFNL Thirds best and fairest award.
Leo Dean Medalists, Ryan McKenzie and Jamie Allan, both went onto win a senior O&MFNL football best and fairest, Morris Medal.
O&MFNL – Rising Star of the Year
The O&MFNL Rookie of the Year was first awarded in 1987.
Rookie of the Year 1987 to 1994
The Richard Hamilton Award (Rising Star of the Year) was first awarded in 2003.
The Doug Strang Medal is given for the leading goal kicker senior player in the O&MFL during the home and away season at a vote count held in the week preceding the grand final.
The H.J. "Did" Simpson Medal is given for the best on ground senior player in the O&MFL during the grand final at the post match ceremony and presentations. The award is similar to the AFL's Norm Smith Medal. The list of Did Simpson Medallists follows:[89]
Toni Wilson Medal – Best & Fairest: 27 Votes – Jacqueline Newton, North Albury
Leading Goalscorer: 701 Goals – Bridget Cassar, Yarrawonga
O&MFL Representative Match Results
Senior Football
The first known representative match was in 1914 when a team from the Albury, Corowa and Howlong clubs (O&M – NSW) played against a team made of Lake Rovers, Mount Ophir and Rutherglen (O&M – Vic), with the Victorian side defeating NSW by two points on the Albury Sportsground, in the State of Origin match.
In 1958, the O&MFL picked two separate teams, with one team playing the Farrer Football League and the other team playing the Riverina Football League, with both games played on the weekend of the 4 and 5 July 1958.
Caltex had the naming rights of the Victorian Country Championships matches in the 1960s. The 16 league series would run over a two-year period, with knock out matches in the first season, followed by semi finals and a grand final in the following season.[91]
In 1974, the O&MFL were disaffiliated with the VCFL, when the O&MFL refused to accept an application from the Lavington Football Club to join the league and were not allowed to compete in the Victorian Country Championships in 1974. The VCFL Country Championships was put on hold from 1975 to 1977. The O&MFL were re-affiliated with VCFL in 1976.
In 1998, the VAFA defeated the O&MFL at Waverley Park to win the Smokefree Victorian Challenge match, as a curtain raiser to the AFL Ansett Cup Pre season grand final, then the O&MFL turned the tables on the VAFA the following year in the same challenge match at the same venue.[92]
From 2004 to 2006 the championships were decided at a carnival round-robin competition at one venue over a single weekend, with each of the four sides playing the others in matches of two twenty-minute halves. The team on top of the ladder, after these three matches, were declared the winner. Leagues not represented in the top four pools of four participated in other inter-league matches organised by the VCFL.
In 2007, there was no statewide VCFL Championships, just a rivalry round was played between close by leagues, (with the O&MFL playing the GVFL), with the round robin format returning in 2008.
The O&M have gone onto win the first division of the Victorian Country Football League interleague championship fourteen times, the most recent victory being in 2009.
The O&MFL representative teams wears a gold guernsey, emblazoned with a monogram-style black "O&M" initials, with black shorts and black socks.[93]\
VCFL League Rankings
In 2009 the VCFL decided to rank each country football league, with the O&MFL initially ranked number one.
The Metropolitan and Country Football Championships merged in 2016 to create a statewide competition, with the rankings reorganised to include metropolitan leagues in 2017.
The O&MFL were ranked number five in Victoria in the 2019 VCFL Country Championships.[94]
As of 2020, AFL Victoria decided to scrap its traditional interleague competition, but leagues could decide amongst themselves, if they wish to play or not.[95]
2020 – AFL Victoria abandon the Victorian Country Football Championships. No interleague competition > COVID-19.
The Ash Wilson Trophy
The Ovens & Murray Football League and the Goulburn Valley Football League have played for this trophy since 2001, to honour two long serving players - GVFL's Stephen Ash and OMFL's Mick Wilson, but the league's have been competing against each other in inter league football matches since 1930, when they first met at the Wangaratta Showgrounds, with the OMFL winning 17 and the GVFL winning 10 matches.[105]
Norm Minns (08/01/1925-29/12/1987) was a former Wangaratta and O&MFL player and captain / coach of Benalla and Corowa. He was also a long time O&MFL selector and life member.
The Norm Minns Medal is awarded to the O&MFL best player in senior representative football and was first awarded in 1997.
The Ovens & Murray Hall of Fame was established in 2005, to recognise and promote the outstanding achievements of some of the league's greatest players, dedicated administrators and club support staff and long serving media representatives.
As of the 2022 ceremony there have been 87 inductees, including three netballers.
Only six people have received the additional honour of being promoted to "Legend" status.
The netball competition's were added to the Ovens & Murray Football League from the 1993 season, with A and B. Grade. The C. Grade competition was established in 1996, with the 17 and under competition commencing in 2012.
The Toni Wilson Medal is awarded for the best and fairest A-Grade netball player in the OMFNL during the home and away season.[169] Wilson (the older sister of Mick Nolan) was the first President of the O&M Netball Association and instrumental in getting the netball competition formed in 1993.[170]
Minor grades
Junior development
More successful has been the Murray BushrangersTAC Cup Under 18s side, who play their home games in Wangaratta; prior to the AFL national draft and the inception of the TAC Cup, young players in the area would usually play through the grades with their local club, with less likelihood of being scouted by the recruitment staff from AFL clubs. Although there has been some concern from clubs about these players being removed from the local competition, the ones that do not get drafted usually return to their home clubs to play locally once they come of age.
All clubs field sides in the under 18s competition, aside from Myrtleford, which fields a joint team with the "Bright Football Club" wearing navy blue and gold colours & the club will be known as the "Alpine Eagles", and they would also field an under 18s joint team in the "Ovens & King Football League" also wearing navy blue and gold colours & the club will be known as the Alpine Eagles. However the Alpine Eagles alliance between Myrtleford and Bright had strained over the last few seasons before finally after the 2013 season The Myrtleford under-18s announced that they will stop wearing navy blue and gold colours of the "Alpine Eagles" and will be returning to the red, white and black colours & the club will be known as the "Myrtleford Saints", ending their almost 10-year partnership with Bright, in place since the early 2000s.
The W&DJFL was established in 1938 and currently has three divisions of football in the Under 12's, Under 14's and Under 17's. All the Wangaratta-based club's in the Wangaratta & District Junior Football League club's are independent incorporated local community sports club's and are not affiliated with any O&MFNL or O&KFNL clubs.
The following O&MFNL footballers / netballers have won the prestigious Stawell Gift. The year below indicates what year each O&MFNL player won their Stawell Gift.
^https://omfnl.com.au/about/ Ovens & Murray Netball Association merges with Ovens & Murray Football League to establish the Ovens & Murray Football Netball League
^"THE STAWELL "GIFT"". The Referee. No. 2142. Sydney. 11 April 1928. p. 15. Retrieved 11 August 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^"WORLD'S SPRINT CHAMPION". Weekly Times. No. 3205. Victoria, Australia. 2 March 1929. p. 66. Retrieved 11 August 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^"WINNER'S STORY". Trove Newspapers. Sporting Globe. 30 March 1932. p. 11. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
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Gabriello Carnazza Ministro dei lavori pubblici del Regno d'ItaliaDurata mandato31 ottobre 1922 –1º luglio 1924 MonarcaVittorio Emanuele III di Savoia Capo del governoBenito Mussolini PredecessoreVincenzo Riccio SuccessoreGino Sarrocchi Deputato del Regno d'ItaliaLegislaturaXXII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII Sito istituzionale Dati generaliPartito politicoPartito Nazionale Fascista Titolo di studiolaurea Gabriello Carnazza (Catania, 26 aprile 1871 –...
ماتانزاس خريطة الموقع تاريخ التأسيس 1693 تقسيم إداري البلد كوبا [1] عاصمة لـ ماتنزاس التقسيم الأعلى ماتنزاس خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 23°02′58″N 81°34′25″W / 23.049444°N 81.573611°W / 23.049444; -81.573611 المساحة 317000000 متر مربع كم² الارتفاع 20 متر السكان التعدا�...
Conversion of railways to use electricity for propulsion The Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway in France connects Grand Paris and Normandy, and is electrified using overhead lines at 25 kV AC 50 HzThe South Eastern Main Line in England connects the London metropolitan area with the Strait of Dover, and is electrified using third rail at 750 V DC Railway electrification is the use of electric power for the propulsion of rail transport. Electric railways use either electric locomotives (hauli...
Adji Pandu SuwotomoLahirAdji Pandu SuwotomoKutajaya, Karangreja, Purbalingga, Jawa TengahMeninggal19 September 2016Tangkura, Poso Pesisir Selatan, Poso, Sulawesi TengahSebab meninggalDitembak matiMakamKarangreja, Purbalingga, Jawa TengahKebangsaanIndonesiaNama lainMaret PamungkasOrganisasiMujahidin Indonesia TimurDikenal atasTerorisme, PengebomanGelarAnggota Mujahidin Indonesia TimurLawan politikKepolisian Negara Republik IndonesiaTentara Nasional Indonesia Adji Pandu Suwotomo atau...
American politician, athlete and rancher (born 1933) Ben Nighthorse CampbellCampbell, c. 1997Chair of the Senate Indian Affairs CommitteeIn officeJanuary 3, 2003 – January 3, 2005Preceded byDaniel InouyeSucceeded byJohn McCainIn officeJanuary 3, 2001 – June 6, 2001Preceded byJohn McCainSucceeded byDaniel InouyeUnited States Senatorfrom ColoradoIn officeJanuary 3, 1993 – January 3, 2005Preceded byTim WirthSucceeded byKen SalazarMember of the U.S. House ...
القوات الجوية العثمانية طيارون أتراك خلال حرب البلقان الأولى الدولة الدولة العثمانية الإنشاء 1919 - 1922 جزء من القوات المسلحة العثمانية الاشتباكات الحرب العالمية الأولى الشارة الرمز التعريفي تعديل مصدري - تعديل كانت القوات الجوية العثمانية (بالتركية: Osmanlı Hava Kuvvetle...
Connecticut election For related races, see 1801 United States gubernatorial elections. 1801 Connecticut gubernatorial election ← 1800 April 9, 1801 1802 → Nominee Jonathan Trumbull Jr. Richard Law Party Federalist Democratic-Republican Popular vote 11,156 1,056 Percentage 83.84% 7.94% Governor before election Jonathan Trumbull Jr. Federalist Elected Governor Jonathan Trumbull Jr. Federalist Elections in Connecticut Federal government U.S President 1788–89 ...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2016) هذه قائمة كاملة بالولايات الأمريكية والمناطق والجزر التابعة لها مرتبة من حيث المساحة الكلية، مساحة الأرض �...
Castello di RomagneseCastello Dal VermeIl torrione di notteUbicazioneStato attuale Italia RegioneLombardia CittàRomagnese IndirizzoVia Roma Coordinate44°50′16.58″N 9°19′43.06″E44°50′16.58″N, 9°19′43.06″E Informazioni generaliTipoCastello medievale Inizio costruzioneXII secolo Materialepietra Condizione attualeBuona Proprietario attualeComune Informazioni militariFunzione strategicadifesa M. Merlo, Castelli, rocche, case-forti, torri della Provincia di Pavia, Pavia 19...
County in Kansas, United States County in KansasClay CountyCountyClay County Courthouse in Clay Center (2006)Location within the U.S. state of KansasKansas's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 39°21′N 97°10′W / 39.350°N 97.167°W / 39.350; -97.167Country United StatesState KansasFoundedFebruary 20, 1857Named forHenry ClaySeatClay CenterLargest cityClay CenterArea • Total656 sq mi (1,700 km2) • Land645 sq...
Paul Rudolf von Bilguer Paul Rudolf von Bilguer, auch Paul Rudolph von Bilguer (* 25. September 1815 in Ludwigslust[1]; † 16. September 1840 in Berlin), war ein deutscher Schachspieler. Bekannt wurde er insbesondere als geistiger Vater und Namensgeber des Handbuchs des Schachspiels, eines Standardwerks der Schachtheorie, das auch „der Bilguer“ genannt wird. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Herkunft 2 Leben 3 Berliner Schachmeister 4 Beitrag zur Schachtheorie 5 Werke 6 Literatur 7 Weblinks 8...
American baseball player and coach (born 1984) Baseball player Andrew BaileyBailey with the Boston Red SoxBoston Red Sox – No. 53Pitcher / CoachBorn: (1984-05-31) May 31, 1984 (age 40)Voorhees, New Jersey, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 6, 2009, for the Oakland AthleticsLast MLB appearanceAugust 15, 2017, for the Los Angeles AngelsMLB statisticsWin–loss record16–14Earned run average3.12Strikeouts276Saves95 TeamsAs player Oakland Athletics ...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2018) إينوكيتي أنينسكي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 20 أغسطس 1855 [1][2] أومسك[1] الوفاة 30 نوفمبر 1909 (54 سنة) [1][2] سانت بطرسبرغ[1] سبب الوف�...
6th season of Azadegan League Football league seasonAzadegan LeagueSeason1996–97ChampionsPersepolisRelegatedMachine Sazi Malavan Shamoushak KeshavarzAsian Club ChampionshipPersepolisAsian Cup Winners' CupBargh ShirazMatches played240Top goalscorerAli Asghar Modir Roosta 18 (Bahman)Biggest home winPersepolis 5-0 ShamoushakHighest scoringPersepolis 5–3 Malavan← 1995–96 1997–98 → The 1996–97 Azadegan League was the sixth season of the Azadegan League that was won by Persepolis. The...