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Oswald Berkhan (19 March 1834 – 15 February 1917) was a German physician.

Born in Blankenburg am Harz, he was one of the initiators of the "Idioten-Anstalt Neuerkerode" (institution for people with mental illnesses), which was thought to be a sanctuary for disabled and ill people. He was also a dedicated reformer of special education schools.^{[citation needed]}

He was the first person to identify dyslexia, in 1881,^[1] though the term "dyslexia" was coined several years later (in 1887) by Rudolf Berlin, who was an ophthalmologist in Stuttgart.^[2]

Berkhan died in Braunschweig.

• 1863: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Psychiatrie ... 1. Heft. Das Irrenwesen der Stadt Braunschweig in den früheren Jahrhunderten
• 1889: Ueber Störungen der Sprache und der Schriftsprache
• 1899: Über den angeborenen und früh erworbenen Schwachsinn
• 1902: Über den angeborenen oder früh sich zeigenden Wasserkopf (Hydrocephalus internus) und seine Beziehungen zur geistigen Entwickelung
• 1910: Das Wunderkind Christian Heinrich Heineken
• 1910: Otto Pöhler, das frühlesende Braunschweiger Kind

In 2016, Oswald Foundation, an accessibility technology company named after Berkhan,^[3][4] was established to build products for individuals suffering from disabilities.^[5]

• History of dyslexia research

• "Oswald Berkhan" in Economypoint (includes list of articles)

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