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Orsett
Orsett
	Village post office
	Orsett Location within Essex
Population	6,115 (Ward 2011)
OS grid reference	TQ645815
Unitary authority	Thurrock;
Ceremonial county	Essex;
Region	East;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	GRAYS
Postcode district	RM16
Dialling code	01375
Police	Essex
Fire	Essex
Ambulance	East of England
UK Parliament	South Basildon and East Thurrock;
	List of places UK England Essex 51°31′N 0°22′E / 51.51°N 0.37°E

Orsett is a village, former civil parish and ecclesiastical parish located within Thurrock unitary district in Essex, England, it is north-east of Grays. In 2011 the ward had a population of 6,115.

History

It has historically been a primarily agricultural community situated at the southern edge of the old ice age flood plain traversed by the river Mardyke.

Orsett contains a ring and bailey earthwork known locally as Bishop Bonner's palace; so called as it was the residence of the Bishops of London, including Bishop Edmund Bonner from 1553 to 1559.^[2] On the gravel terrace, there is a neolithic causewayed enclosure discovered as a result of crop marks which showed on aerial photographs taken by St Joseph of Cambridge University.^[3] It has three concentric ditches with a number of breaks or causeways. The enclosure was used as a burial ground by the Saxons and contained at least three barrows visible on the aerial photo.^[4]

On the junction of Pound Lane and High Road is the village lock-up, removed in the mid 19th century but restored in the mid 20th century, the lockup or cage was built in the late 17th or early 18th century. It has barred windows and a plank door with heavy hinges. Before a national system of policing was set up many villages had their own lock-up. Petty criminals were held for a short time before being released or sent to a larger town for trial.^[5]

Orsett Heath in the south of the parish was formerly part of an extensive area of heathland that included Terrel's Heath.

In 1931 the parish had a population of 1771.^[6] On 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished to form Thurrock.^[7]

Geography

The centre of Orsett is aligned on an east–west axis along the High Road, on which is the parish church of St Giles and All Saints along with the animal pound and lock-up opposite Rowley Road. Its former workhouse on Rowley Road was developed into a large modern hospital in the 1960s but has, since the 1980s, been reduced in size once again. Most of the former shops in the High Road, including the Post Office opposite the Church and the blacksmith's in Rowley Road, have closed to be replaced by just one convenience store which contains a sub post office.^[8]

Two public houses have survived in the centre of the village, one being the prize-winning Whitmore Arms, the other the Foxhound, and outside the village centre Orsett has one additional pub – The Kings Arms.

Education

The village's primary school has been located since the mid-19th century in School Lane, educating children up to the age of 14 until 1944 and to 11 thereafter.

Buildings

Orsett has a variety of listed and interesting buildings, including the almost perfectly preserved Victorian workmen's cottages on Maltings Lane^[9] as well as several Grade Two listed timber-framed and thatched houses, and grand houses dating from the reign of Charles II.

Apart from some small-scale Council housing in Ridgewell Avenue to the North of the High Street, there was no significant growth in residential development until 1954–55 when new properties were erected in School Lane. These were followed by further developments on the former site of the Anglican Rectory (known as Herga Hyll following its sale), off Rectory and Conways Roads and off Rowley Road. During the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, a new housing estate was built on land that belonged to the old container site, and some of the ex-military Orsett Camp site, between Stanford Road and Orsett Golf Course.

Most of the former hospital site has been re-developed as housing in the last five years. The redevelopment provided 200 houses, despite being within the green belt and avoided the need to provide affordable housing on the site.^[10]

Opposite the Old Bakery, on the west side of Rectory Road, is Orsett Masonic Hall which is home to Orsett Masonic Lodge.

The historic Orsett Hall on Prince Charles's Avenue, the home of the Whitmore family until their estate was sold in the late-1960s, was destroyed by fire in May 2007 but was rebuilt during 2008–09.^[11] The exterior design is in keeping with the original Georgian building. It was used for a Help for Heroes charity event on 11 April 2010. Orsett House is an early-eighteenth-century house off the High Street and on the western edge of the village.

It has a well-equipped village hall at its western end and a centre for the churches in the High Street.