Miller began his career in Bangor, Maine, before moving to Kansas City, Kansas, in 1880. He was appointed and subsequently elected district judge for the twenty-ninth judicial district of Kansas in 1887, and served until 1891, when he resigned to resume the practice of law. He served as counsel for many years for several large railroad corporations and was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897). Miller declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1896.
Personal life
Miller continued the practice of law in Kansas City, Kansas, until his death there on September 11, 1926. He was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery.