Ontario minister's zoning orders controversy

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Doug Ford

The Ontario minister's zoning orders controversy refers to a Canadian provincial controversy over the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing's ability to override municipal council decisions on development. Both the frequency of their use and the way in which the government under Progressive Conservative Premier Doug Ford has used them since 2019 has come under criticism.[1][2]

Background

Minister’s Zoning Orders

Under the Planning Act, the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing has the authority to issue a minister's zoning order (MZO) over any property in the province, determining the development plan for that property even if it overrules a municipal zoning bylaw.[3] There is no process for appealing an MZO. The use of MZOs has traditionally been reserved mostly for emergency situations, such as after the collapse of the Algo Centre Mall, which killed two people.[4][5]

First Ford term (2018-2022)

Between 2019 and early 2021, Ford's government issued well over 30 MZOs, approaching the total of 49 MZOs that had been issued in the province between the 1969 and 2000, a period of three decades.[6][7]

In October 2020, the government issued a set of MZOs aimed at the West Don Lands in Toronto, allowing for towers up to 50 storeys tall to be built without the city's approval. Several Toronto city councillors voiced their disapproval of the orders, with mayor John Tory stating that "I think that is a less than ideal situation, to say the least."[8] In January 2021, a number of community groups[who?] protested against the attempted demolition of heritage-listed buildings at the Dominion Foundry Site.[9] Court action forced province to pause demolition until legal issues could be resolved.[10]

In December 2020, the government passed Bill 229, the Protect, Support and Recover from COVID-19 Act (Budget Measures), 2020. The bill contained a number of changes to development regulations in the province, notably eliminating the ability of conservation authorities to veto MZOs.[11]

In early March 2021, the government issued a further six MZOs, of which half overrided environmental limits on development proposals from Flato Developments. While announcing the MZOs, Ford defended his government's use of the orders, stating that "we will never stop issuing MZOs for the people of Ontario."[12] Later that month, the government issued another order for a plot on the west side of Beeton, allowing Flato Developments to build a 995 units on the site, despite the site being located on a flood plain managed by the Nottawasaga Conservation Authority.[13]

In April 2021, the government passed Bill 257, the Supporting Broadband and Infrastructure Expansion Act, 2021. Schedule 3 of the Act implemented further amendments to the Planning Act allowing it to issue MZOs that clash with the provincial government's development master plans. The bill further applied to all previously issued MZOs retroactively.[14][15][16]

Reactions

The government has defended its use of the orders, arguing that they are necessary to help create jobs and affordable housing, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario. The government has also stated that it only issues them in accordance with the wishes of the local municipalities.[17]

The government's use of MZOs has been described[by whom?] as part of a strongman approach to governance by Ford, preferring to force through policies without consideration of the destabilising effects it could have.[18] Some commentators[who?] have described the government's use of MZOs as undemocratic and have accused the government of trying to evade accountability.[19] The Ontario Federation of Agriculture stated that the "frequent use [of the orders] undermines Ontario’s long-established system of land use planning."[20]

The government has been accused of corruption over its use of MZOs, particularly by favouring developers close to the Progressive Conservative Party.[21] In December 2020, the Ontario NDP released evidence suggesting that around half of the MZOs issued by the government since March 2020 predominately benefited developers that had links to the Progressive Conservative Party.[22]

Greenpeace and the Hamilton Spectator have criticised the environmental impact the government's use of MZOs would have, such as the plan to pave over parts of the Lower Duffins Creek wetland in Pickering and the plan for greenbelt development.[23][24] Environmental Defence Canada has campaigned against the use of the orders, stating that "in addition to creating long term damage to the environment, increasing property taxes, and enabling more sprawl to eat up Ontario’s best farmland, the Minister has sent a strong message to the Ontario public that their opinion isn’t valuable, that experts don’t matter and that decisions enabling development are his alone."[25]

The chair of the greenbelt council and 6 of its members resigned over Bill 229, in relation to the restrictions on the powers of conservation authorities concerning MZOs and other restrictions on their power.[26]

In the Auditor General of Ontario's 2024 annual report found that the Ford government's process was unstructured and "[gave] the appearance of preferential treatment". The report found that the process resulted in a 17-fold increase from 2019 to 2023 and did forced civil servants to stop providing merits recommendations in addition to basic summaries. Some approvals were granted for sites where construction could not start for years or at locations where key utilities would not be present for potentially decades after the MZO approval. The AG found that MZOs rezoning agricultural land led to an average value increase of 46% for the property owners. The government also did not track if the MZOs would result in more affordable housing and ignored the advice of experts, municipalities, and other government ministries. The AG said that for the 114 of the 169 total MZOs issued, the normal municipal approvals process would have been preferable to the government's "ad hoc" process. In at least four cases the AG found proof that political staffers prioritized civil servants' efforts on projects that they had been lobbied on.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dear World: Meet Doug Ford, One of Canada's Most Unpopular Politicians". www.vice.com. April 19, 2021.
  2. ^ "How communities are fighting MZOs (Ministerial Zoning Orders)". thestar.com. February 18, 2021.
  3. ^ "Minister's zoning orders". www.ontario.ca. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  4. ^ "What To Know About MZOs, Ford's Development Tool That Environmentalists Hate". HuffPost Canada. December 9, 2020.
  5. ^ McGrath, John Michael (March 12, 2021). "The Tories didn't invent MZOs. Whoever comes next is going to face the same problems". TVO.org. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  6. ^ "'Poster child for destruction': The fight to save the Duffins Creek wetland from developers". TVO.org.
  7. ^ "Ontario issues special orders to approve developers' plans and quash opposition". The Globe and Mail. May 26, 2020.
  8. ^ "Toronto officials slam provincial order that sidesteps planning for West Don Lands". cbc.ca. October 27, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  9. ^ "Provincial demolition of Toronto heritage buildings for affordable housing development raises community ire". globalnews.ca. January 18, 2021.
  10. ^ "Province in talks with city on fate of Foundry buildings as court battle postponed for now". cbc.ca. February 23, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  11. ^ "Conservation authority worries new law flouts protection policy". thestar.com. December 20, 2020.
  12. ^ McIntosh, Emma (March 9, 2021). "'We will never stop': Ford government approves 6 new zoning orders as backlash grows". Canada's National Observer.
  13. ^ "Beeton development land approved by Ministerial Zoning Order". thestar.com. March 18, 2021.
  14. ^ McIntosh, Emma (March 4, 2021). "Ford government expanding MZO powers to dodge lawsuit and pave over wetland: internal document". Canada's National Observer.
  15. ^ Crawley, Make (March 5, 2021). "To pave way for wetland development, Ford government retroactively changing law". cbc.ca. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  16. ^ "Advocates, opposition slam Ontario government's move to strengthen minister's zoning power". Global News.
  17. ^ "Ontario premier defends use of development tool as concern mounts over fast-tracked projects". Toronto. March 10, 2021.
  18. ^ Zivo, Adam (April 30, 2021). "Adam Zivo: Doug Ford's apology was a start but will it still be his Ontario come election time?". National Post.
  19. ^ "Municipalities vexed by Ontario zoning orders". The Globe and Mail. November 18, 2020.
  20. ^ "OFA letter to Minister Clark regarding use of Minister's Zoning Orders". ofa.on.ca. December 1, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  21. ^ McIntosh, Emma (February 16, 2021). "Exclusive: Doug Ford donors benefit as fast-tracked developments override environmental concerns". Canada's National Observer.
  22. ^ Crawley, Mike (December 9, 2020). "Ford government using special provincial powers to help developer friends, NDP alleges". CBC News.
  23. ^ "Duffins Creek wetlands vs. a warehouse: Resisting Doug Ford's assault on communities and the environment". Greenpeace Canada.
  24. ^ "Editorial | Doug Ford takes an axe to greenbelt protections". The Hamilton Spectator. December 10, 2020 – via www.thespec.com.
  25. ^ 4 min read (August 28, 2020). "You may have never heard of a Minister's Zoning Order and that used to be ok - but not anymore - Environmental Defence". Environmentaldefence.ca. Retrieved May 21, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Hartshorn, Max. "Ford government to strip some powers of conservation authorities". Global News. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  27. ^ Callan, Isaac; D'Mello, Colin (December 3, 2024). "Worries of 'preferential treatment' in Ontario zoning orders, AG report says". Global News. Retrieved December 4, 2024.

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