Rathbone started in the youth ranks of Manchester United. On 21 February 2015, Rathbone scored a 40-yard winner in an U18s game against Derby County.[6] The goal won Manchester United's Goal of the Month award.[7] After failing to make the breakthrough at Manchester United, Rathbone was released in June 2016.
Rochdale
On 24 June, Rathbone agreed to join EFL League One side Rochdale, signing a one-year contract.[8][9] He made his competitive debut on 4 October in the EFL Trophy against Notts County. Days later, Rathbone made his first league appearance in a win over Southend United.[4] Rathbone netted his first goal over Walsall in November.[4][10]
After two goals in thirty-three appearances in his debut season, Rathbone signed a new contract with the club until June 2019 on 18 August 2017.[11] His 100th match for Rochdale arrived on 9 March 2019 during a victory versus Shrewsbury Town.[4] He was offered a new contract by Rochdale at the end of the 2018–19 season.[12] On 24 June, Rathbone signed a new three-year deal to keep him under contract until the summer of 2022.[13][14]
Rotherham United
On 4 August 2021, Rathbone signed a three-year contract with Rotherham United for an undisclosed fee.[15] He made his debut in the first game of the 2021–22 season against Plymouth Argyle on 7 August 2021, coming on as a second-half substitute.[16] He scored his first goal for the club on 25 September 2021, against Crewe.[17] He left the club to sign for Wrexham on 9 August 2024.
Wrexham
On 9 August 2024 Rathbone signed for Wrexham A.F.C. on a three-year deal lasting until 2027.[18]