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Ocean Island massacre
Ocean Island massacre
Part of the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands
Location	Banaba, Kiribati
Date	20 August 1945 (79 years ago)
Victims	150–200
Perpetrators	67 Naval Garrison Unit, IJN Suzuki Naoomi;

The Ocean Island massacre occurred on 20 August 1945 when between 150 and 200 civilians were killed in a mass execution by members of a Japanese naval garrison unit. The civilians, all originally inhabitants from other parts of the Gilbert Islands, had been brought to Ocean Island as slave labour.^[1]^[2] Perpetrated five days after the official Japanese announcement of surrender at the end of the Second World War, the nature of the massacre was only revealed four months later due to the emergence of a sole survivor, Kabunare Koura of Nikunau, who had remained in hiding until December 1945.^[3]^[4] Initially, the commander of the unit, Suzuki Naoomi, claimed that the civilian population had been killed during a rebellion, but the revelation of Kabunare's testimony and subsequent confessions from lower ranking participants led to war crimes prosecutions by the Australian military. In total, 21 Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) personnel were convicted, of whom eight, including Naoomi, were executed, for their roles in the mass atrocity.^[5]^[6]

War crimes trials

IJN personnel convicted of war crimes on Ocean Island and sentenced to death
Name	Name (Kanji)	Rank	Sentence at trial	Confirmed sentence	Ref.
Miyasaka Denji	宮坂傳治	Lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 13 August 1946	^[7]
Nara Yoshio	奈良賀男	Lieutenant	Death by hanging	20 years imprisonment^‡	^[8]
Ōtomo Torizō	大友酉蔵	Sub-lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 10 August 1946	^[9]
Sakamoto Chūjirō	坂本忠次郎	Sub-lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 10 August 1946	^[10]
Sakata Jirō	坂田二郎	Lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 15 August 1946	^[11]
Sakuma Wataru	佐久間彌	Lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 10 August 1946	^[11]
Suzuki Naoomi	鈴木直臣	Lieutenant-commander	Death by hanging	Executed on 7 July 1947*	^[12]
Yajima Eiichi	矢嶋榮一	Lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 10 August 1946	^[13]
Yamaguchi Nobuaki	山口？(健)章	Lieutenant	Death by hanging	Executed on 12 October 1946	^[14]

^‡ On the recommendation of the Judge Advocate General, death sentence was commuted to a prison term of 20 years.^[6]

* Lieutenant-commander Suzuki's execution was delayed due to appearing as a witness in the trial of Major General Hirota Akira.^[15]

IJN personnel convicted of war crimes on Ocean Island and sentenced to imprisonment
Name	Name (Kanji)	Rank	Sentence at trial	Confirmed sentence	Ref.
Arai Kakuzō	荒井角蔵	Chief petty officer	7 years imprisonment	7 years imprisonment	^[16]
Hanawa Eiji	塙栄次	Sub-lieutenant	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[17]
Hiraki Sakae	平木榮	Sub-lieutenant	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[18]
Iijima Tadashi	飯島重	Ensign	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[19]
Ishii Sadazō	石井定臓	Sub-lieutenant	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[20]
Kiyohara Naoyoshi	清原直美	Sub-lieutenant	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[21]
Konno Hiroshi	今野浩	Warrant officer	7 years imprisonment	7 years imprisonment	^[22]
Shinozawa Yoshiharu	篠澤美春	Ensign	15 years imprisonment	15 years imprisonment	^[23]
Sugino Tsuchinosuke	杉野土之助	Ensign	15 years imprisonment	15 years imprisonment	^[24]
Tsuchiike Masatarō	土池政太郎	Sub-lieutenant	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[25]
Yasuda Harumi	安田春美	Ensign	15 years imprisonment	15 years imprisonment	^[26]
Yoshida Itsuo	吉田逸雄	Sub-lieutenant	20 years imprisonment	20 years imprisonment	^[27]

IJN personnel acquitted of war crimes on Ocean Island
Name	Name (Kanji)	Rank	Ref.
Ono Kaneichi	小野兼一	Chief petty officer	^[9]
Yachi Sumio	谷地澄雄	Ensign	^[13]

References

Footnotes

^ Macdonald 2001, p. 148.
^ Pappas 1998, pp. 163–167.
^ Macdonald 2001, p. 149.
^ Field 2005, p. 72.
^ Morris 2019.
^ ^a ^b Sissons 2020, p. 107.
^ Morris 2019, p. 321.
^ Morris 2019, p. 330.
^ ^a ^b Morris 2019, p. 337.
^ Morris 2019, p. 340.
^ ^a ^b Morris 2019, p. 341.
^ Morris 2019, p. 350.
^ ^a ^b Morris 2019, p. 364.
^ Morris 2019, p. 365.
^ Carrel 2005, p. 195.
^ Morris 2019, p. 279.
^ Morris 2019, p. 285.
^ Morris 2019, p. 290.
^ Morris 2019, p. 295.
^ Morris 2019, p. 299.
^ Morris 2019, p. 311.
^ Morris 2019, p. 313.
^ Morris 2019, p. 347.
^ Morris 2019, p. 349.
^ Morris 2019, p. 360.
^ Morris 2019, p. 368.
^ Morris 2019, p. 369.

Sources

Carrel, Michael (2005). Australia's Prosecution of Japanese War Criminals: Stimuli and Constraints (PDF) (PhD). University of Melbourne. OCLC 224899522.
Cushman, Gregory T. (2013). Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World: A Global Ecological History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-31072-8. OCLC 1128417651.
Dunne, Bridget; Durham, Helen (2016). "The Prosecution of Crimes against Civilians". In Fitzpatrick, Georgina; McCormack, Timothy L.H.; Morris, Narrelle (eds.). Australia's War Crimes Trials 1945-51. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Nijhoff. pp. 196–235. doi:10.1163/9789004292055_008. ISBN 9789004292055. OCLC 958044885.
Ellis, Albert Fuller (1946). Mid-Pacific Outposts. Brown and Stewart Limited. OCLC 508320723.
Field, Michael (2005). "Kabunare's story". In Shennan, Jennifer; Tekenimatang, Makin Corrie (eds.). One and a Half Pacific Islands: Stories the Banaban People Tell of Themselves. Wellington: Victoria University Press. pp. 71–74. ISBN 978-0-86473-523-2.
"Japs Massacre Ocean Islanders After Surrender – Two Officers on Trial in Rabaul for Vile Crime". Pacific Islands Monthly. XVI (10). Sydney: Pacific Publications: 13. 16 May 1946. ISSN 0030-8722. nla.obj-330804362 – via Trove.
Macdonald, Barrie (2001). Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a History of Kiribati and Tuvalu. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 982020335X. OCLC 494270319.
Morris, Narrelle (2013). "Justice for 'Asian' Victims: The Australian War Crimes Trials of the Japanese, 1945–51". In Heller, Kevin; Simpson, Gerry (eds.). The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 348–366. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671144.001.0001. ISBN 9780199671144.
Morris, Narrelle (2019). Japanese war crimes in the Pacific: Australia's investigations and prosecutions (PDF). Kingston, ACT: National Archives of Australia. ISBN 978-1-922209-22-1.
Pappas, Caroline (1998). Law and Politics: Australia's War Crimes Trials in the Pacific, 1943- 1961 (PhD). University of New South Wales. OCLC 222558875.
Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-military Study. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31395-0. OCLC 475274605.
Shennan, Jennifer; Tekenimatang, Makin Corrie (2005). One and a Half Pacific Islands: Stories the Banaban People Tell of Themselves. Victoria University Press. ISBN 978-0-86473-523-2.
Sissons, David (2020). Tamura, Keiko; Stockwin, Arthur (eds.). Bridging Australia and Japan: Volume 2 the writings of David Sissons, historian and political scientist. Acton, A.C.T.: ANU Press. doi:10.22459/BAJ.2020. ISBN 9781760463762. OCLC 962408104. S2CID 225347954.
Tanaka, Yuki (November 2010). "Japanese Atrocities on Nauru during the Pacific War: The murder of Australians, the massacre of lepers and the ethnocide of Nauruans". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. 8 (45). ISSN 1557-4660.
Teaiwa, Katerina Martina (2015). Consuming Ocean Island: Stories of People and Phosphate from Banaba. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01460-3.

[FOOTNOTEMacdonald2001148-1] Macdonald 2001, p. 148.

[FOOTNOTEPappas1998163–167-2] Pappas 1998, pp. 163–167.

[FOOTNOTEMacdonald2001149-3] Macdonald 2001, p. 149.

[FOOTNOTEField200572-4] Field 2005, p. 72.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019-5] Morris 2019.

[FOOTNOTESissons2020107-6] Sissons 2020, p. 107.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019321-7] Morris 2019, p. 321.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019330-8] Morris 2019, p. 330.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019337-9] Morris 2019, p. 337.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019340-10] Morris 2019, p. 340.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019341-11] Morris 2019, p. 341.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019350-12] Morris 2019, p. 350.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019364-13] Morris 2019, p. 364.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019365-14] Morris 2019, p. 365.

[FOOTNOTECarrel2005195-15] Carrel 2005, p. 195.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019279-16] Morris 2019, p. 279.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019285-17] Morris 2019, p. 285.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019290-18] Morris 2019, p. 290.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019295-19] Morris 2019, p. 295.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019299-20] Morris 2019, p. 299.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019311-21] Morris 2019, p. 311.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019313-22] Morris 2019, p. 313.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019347-23] Morris 2019, p. 347.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019349-24] Morris 2019, p. 349.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019360-25] Morris 2019, p. 360.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019368-26] Morris 2019, p. 368.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2019369-27] Morris 2019, p. 369.

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Ocean Island massacre

War crimes trials

See also

References

Footnotes

Sources

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