O-methylated flavonoid

The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O-methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids.

Enzymes

O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes which accept a variety of substrates.[1] Those enzymes mediate the O-methylation on a specific hydroxyl group, like on 4' (example in Catharanthus roseus[2]) or 3' (example in rice[3]) positions. Those positions can be ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin orange (Citrus mitis) exhibits all of those activities.[4]

Plant enzymes

Animal enzyme

O-methylated anthocyanidins

O-methylated flavanols

O-methylated flavanones

O-methylated flavanonols

O-methylated flavonols

of kaempferol

of myricetin

of quercetin

other

O-methylated flavones

O-methylated isoflavones

See also

References

  1. ^ Kim, Dae Hwan; Kim, Bong-Gyu; Lee, Youngshim; Ryu, Ji Young; Lim, Yoongho; Hur, Hor-Gil; Ahn, Joong-Hoon (2005). "Regiospecific methylation of naringenin to ponciretin by soybean O-methyltransferase expressed in Escherichia coli". Journal of Biotechnology. 119 (2): 155–62. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.04.004. PMID 15961179.
  2. ^ Schroder, G; Wehinger, E; Lukacin, R; Wellmann, F; Seefelder, W; Schwab, W; Schröder, J (2004). "Flavonoid methylation: a novel 4′-O-methyltransferase from Catharanthus roseus, and evidence that partially methylated flavanones are substrates of four different flavonoid dioxygenases". Phytochemistry. 65 (8): 1085–94. Bibcode:2004PChem..65.1085S. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.010. PMID 15110688.
  3. ^ Kim, Bong-Gyu; Lee, Youngshim; Hur, Hor-Gil; Lim, Yoongho; Ahn, Joong-Hoon (2006). "Flavonoid 3′-O-methyltransferase from rice: CDNA cloning, characterization and functional expression". Phytochemistry. 67 (4): 387–94. Bibcode:2006PChem..67..387K. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.11.022. PMID 16412485.
  4. ^ Brunet, Gunter; Ibrahim, Ragai K. (1980). "O-methylation of flavonoids by cell-free extracts of calamondin orange". Phytochemistry. 19 (5): 741–6. Bibcode:1980PChem..19..741B. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(80)85102-8.
  5. ^ Harborne, J.B. (1967). "Comparative biochemistry of the flavonoids-IV.: Correlations between chemistry, pollen morphology and systematics in the family plumbaginaceae". Phytochemistry. 6 (10): 1415–28. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82884-8.