Nykaa

Nykaa
Company typePublic
IndustryConsumer goods
FoundedApril 2012; 12 years ago (2012-04)
FounderFalguni Nayar
Headquarters
Mumbai, Maharashtra
,
India
Area served
India
Key people
Falguni Nayar
(CEO)
Anchit Nayar
(CEO — E-commerce & Beauty)
Adwaita Nayar
(CEO — Fashion)[1]
Products
RevenueIncrease ₹6,386 crore (US$750 million) (FY24)[2]
Increase ₹40 crore (US$4.7 million) (FY24)[2]
OwnerNayar family (53.5%)[3]
Number of employees
2,000+ (2021)
Websitewww.nykaa.com

FSN E-Commerce Ventures Ltd, d/b/a Nykaa, is an Indian retail company, headquartered in Mumbai. It sells beauty, wellness and fashion products through its website, mobile app and over 100 physical stores.[4] In 2020, it became the first Indian unicorn startup headed by a woman.[5]

Nykaa sells products which are manufactured in India as well as internationally. In 2015, the company expanded from online-only to an omnichannel model and began selling products apart from beauty. As of 2020, it retails over 2,000 brands and 200,000 products across its platforms.

History

Logo used in the initial years.

In April 2012, Falguni Nayar, a former managing director at Kotak Mahindra Capital Company, founded Nykaa[6] as an ecommerce portal curating a range of beauty and wellness products.[7][8] The brand name Nykaa is derived from the Sanskrit word nayaka, meaning actress or "one in the spotlight".[9] The website was first launched around Diwali 2012, and was available commercially in 2013.[6]

In 2015, the company expanded from online-only to an omnichannel model and began selling fashion products.[10][11]

In 2018, Nykaa launched Nykaa PRO. It is a premium membership program that provides users special access to professional beauty products and offers on the Nykaa app.[12] In 2018, the company also launched an online beauty forum called Nykaa Network.[13]

In March 2020, Nykaa raised ₹100 crore (US$12 million) from Steadview Capital at a valuation of US$1.2 billion, making it a unicorn startup.[14][15][16][17] This was followed by another tranche of ₹67 crore (US$7.8 million) funding by Steadview in May 2020.[18]

In October 2020, the company launched Nykaa Man, India's first multi-brand ecommerce store for men's grooming.[19][20] The company expanded into fashion by launching Nykaa Design Studio, which was renamed to Nykaa Fashion.

In November 2020, global asset management firm Fidelity invested in the company through a secondary sale of shares from an existing equity investor.[21]

In December 2020, Nykaa Fashion launched its first store in Delhi, making the fashion business omnichannel.[22][23]

Nykaa opened its initial public offering (IPO) on 28 October 2021.[24] The IPO raised ₹5,352 crore (US$630 million) at a valuation of US$7.4 billion. Nykaa was publicly listed on the NSE and BSE on 10 November 2021, and its price rose by 89.2% on opening day, valuing the company at nearly US$13 billion.[25] Founder Falguni Nayar, who owned a 53.5% stake in the company, became India's wealthiest self-made female billionaire on the listing day.[26]

Operations and services

Actress Janhvi Kapoor has been Nykaa's brand ambassador since 2018.[27]

Nykaa follows an inventory-based model with warehouses in Mumbai, New Delhi, Pune, Haryana, Kolkata and Bangalore.[28] In 2020, in addition to its primary ecommerce business, it has an offline presence via 76 brick-and-mortar stores across the country.[29] It claims to have over 200,000 products across 2,000 brands.[30][17][31]

It has three offline store formats called Nykaa Luxe, Nykaa On Trend and Nykaa beauty Kiosks. The Luxe format features international luxury beauty brands such as Huda Beauty, MAC, Dior, and Givenchy along with Nykaa Beauty, the in-house collection of beauty products.[32] The Nykaa On Trend format has products curated by category basis their popularity.[33] In India, Nykaa is the only retailer that sells international brands like e.l.f, Charlotte Tilbury, Tonymoly, Becca, Sigma, Limecrime, Dermalogica, and Murad[34][35] as well as national bestsellers like Soulflower,[36] Lakme, plum.

House of brands

Nykaa has a series of in-house brands within beauty and fashion. Some of them include:

  • Nykaa House of Brands – Nykaa Naturals, Nykaa Cosmetics, Kay Beauty
  • Nykaa Fashion – Nykd by Nykaa, 20 Dresses, RSVP, Mondano, Likha,[37] Pipa Bella[38][39]

In 2015, Nykaa launched its collection of in-house beauty products via Nykaa Cosmetics and later expanded it across categories of Eyes, Nails, Face, Lips.[40][41] The Nykaa Naturals portfolio is a collection of skincare and personal care products.[42] In early 2019, the brand launched its Wanderlust Bath & Body collection, and later in the year introduced a beauty line with designer Masaba Gupta, Masaba by Nykaa.[43][44] The same year, it launched its first celebrity partnership brand, Kay Beauty, with actress Katrina Kaif.[45][46]

Acquisitions

In May 2019, Nykaa acquired 20Dresses.com, a private women's styling platform.[47]

In 2021, Nykaa Fashion acquired the India fashion jewellery brand, Pipa Bella,[48] and the Indian skincare brand, Dot & Key.[49]

In 2022, Nykaa acquired an 18.51% stake in Indian skincare brand Earth Rhythm.[50] It then completed the 100% acquisition of lifestyle content platform Little Black Book (LBB).[51]

Content platforms

Nykaa also hosts beauty and fashion content via Nykaa TV, its YouTube channel. It contains informational videos about beauty, cosmetics, and styling.[52] Some of its notable campaigns include #BreakTheHashtag (with Tapsee Pannu), #WhatMakesYourBeautiful (with acid attack survivor and activist Laxmi Agarwal), Beauty in Her Story (in collaboration with Netflix), web series Tinderella, Khoj (a Mother's Day film), and Rakshak (a Raksha Bandhan special film).[10][53][54]

Since 2018, it has been hosting an online community of beauty and fashion enthusiasts via its Nykaa Network. In 2020, it launched a web miniseries called The Beauty Bar. Nykaa also hosts Beauty Book, a beauty and fashion magazine.

Other activities

Since 2015, Nykaa has hosted the ‘Nykaa Femina Beauty Awards’ in partnership with women's lifestyle magazine Femina (India).[55]

In 2019, Nykaa Fashion launched ‘The Power List’ in partnership with Vogue India.

Corporate social responsibility

Nykaa extends social and financial help to causes such as education, health, women's rights and empowerment, rural development, and disaster management. Some of its notable CSR partnerships are with SPARSH India, CARE International Confederation, PRIDE, Milaap, Nanhi Kali, Make a Wish Foundation, Benefactory, Sneha, GiveIndia, and PM CARES Fund.[56][57][58]

Awards and Recognitions

Criticism

Security issues

On 18 November 2019, an API flaw was detected in Nykaa Fashion's internal systems that allowed a potential attacker to log in to any user account if the attacker had access to the user's email ID.[63][64] Consequently, the company fixed the security vulnerability.[63]

Corporate governance

In November 2022, Nykaa issued 5:1 bonus shares to coincide with the expiry date of pre-IPO shareholders' lock-in period. The bonus issue resulted in the company's corporate governance practices receiving heavy criticism, with questions raised over the timing and motive of the issuance along with concerns of market manipulation and tax avoidance.[65][66] Later that month, CFO Arvind Agarwal resigned from the company,[67] even as the Securities and Exchange Board of India began scrutinizing the allotment of bonus shares.[68]

In February 2023, defending the bonus share issuance, CEO Falguni Nayar, a former investment banker, claimed that the company had "assumed shareholders would be able to start trading the bonus shares within 4-5 days of the shareholder voting on the issue."[69]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Anchit And Adwaita Nayar: Grooming For Glory". Forbes India. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Nykaa Q4 results: Net profit jumps to Rs 9 crore, revenue up 28%". Moneycontrol. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  3. ^ "Nykaa IPO: Alia Bhatt, Katrina Kaif earn 10X returns from investments". cnbctv18.com. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  4. ^ "Nykaa plans to open 300 stores to drive offline growth: Falguni Nayar". The Economic Times.
  5. ^ "Falguni Nayar, Founder Of India's First Woman-Led Unicorn Nykaa: Profile". NDTV.com. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Get A Glimpse Into The Mind Of Falguni Nayar, The Woman Behind The Force That Is Nykaa". iDiva. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  7. ^ Kapur, Mallika (24 March 2017). "Falguni Nayar: The beauty entrepreneur". Live Mint. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Shades in Beauty Space: Falguni Nayar". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  9. ^ "Who are we | Nykaa". www.nykaa.com.
  10. ^ a b "Nykaa reveales its omni-channel content and guided selling strategy". ETBrandEquity.com.
  11. ^ Lall, Pavan (19 April 2019). "Nykaa bets big on fashion, offline stores with eye on Unicorn tag". Business Standard India – via Business Standard.
  12. ^ Kapani, Puneet (28 October 2020). "After Katrina Kaif, Alia Bhatt Bets on Nykaa". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  13. ^ "Nykaa launches Nykaa Network to boost interactivity". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  14. ^ Sai, Ishwar (1 April 2020). "Nykaa raises Rs 100 crore from existing investor Steadview Capital". Business Standard. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  15. ^ "Max Ventures and Industries acquires 2% stake in Nykaa". The Times of India. 9 December 2016.
  16. ^ "Steadview funding values Nykaa at $1.2bn". The Times of India. 2 April 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Nykaa enters unicorn club with fresh Rs 100-crore funding". 2 April 2020.
  18. ^ Gooptu, Biswarup. "Steadview Capital invests Rs 67 crore more in Nykaa". The Economic Times.
  19. ^ Srinivasan, Supraja. "Nykaa joins party in men's grooming". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Ahead Of Festive Season, Nykaa Offers Men's Fashion, Grooming Products". Inc42 Media. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  21. ^ "Fidelity invests in beauty etailer Nykaa". The Economic Times.
  22. ^ "Nykaa Fashion starts offline expansion, first store to open in Delhi's Ambience Mall". www.businesstoday.in. 4 December 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  23. ^ IN, FashionNetwork com. "Nykaa Fashion goes offline with its first store in Delhi". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  24. ^ Modak, Samie (22 October 2021). "Nykaa IPO to open on October 28; priced at Rs 1,085-1,125 apiece". Business Standard India. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  25. ^ "Nykaa surges to near $13 billion valuation in debut". The Economic Times. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  26. ^ "Nykaa founder Falguni Nayar is now India's wealthiest self-made female billionaire". Hindustan Times. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  27. ^ Malvania, Urvi (12 September 2018). "Nykaa signs Janhvi Kapoor as brand endorser, move to step up the buzz". Business Standard India. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  28. ^ "pollution control compliance". www.nykaa.com.
  29. ^ "Nykaa Fashion starts offline expansion, first store to open in Delhi's Ambience Mall". www.businesstoday.in. 4 December 2020.
  30. ^ Ganguly, Payal. "Nykaa decks up to woo Indian beauty market with more products and services". The Economic Times.
  31. ^ "Beauty startup Nykaa plans $3 billion IPO this year – ET Retail". ETRetail.com.
  32. ^ Dalal, Avanti (29 January 2021). "Everything you need to know about the new Nykaa Luxe store in Mumbai". Vogue India.
  33. ^ "Nykaa to expand offline presence". Deccanherald.com. 25 June 2017.
  34. ^ "Charlotte Tilbury launches in India with these bestsellers". Lifestyle Asia India. 19 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Meet today's beauty customer". Mintlounge. 13 February 2021.
  36. ^ NykaaFrontendTeam. "Soulflower: Buy Soulflower Products Online at Best Price in India". Nykaa. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  37. ^ "Nykaa launches new category Nykd All Day – Featuring Athleisure, Leisure & Activewear exclusively on Nykaa Fashion". 15 April 2021.
  38. ^ "Nykaa Fashion acquires Pipa Bella to strengthen jewellery category". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  39. ^ Staff Writer (12 April 2021). "Nykaa Fashion acquires online jewellery retailer Pipa Bella". mint. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  40. ^ "Nykaa expects private label revenue contribution to double in 2017–18". Livemint.com. 16 December 2016.
  41. ^ Verma, Shrutika (9 March 2016). "Nykaa looks to raise Rs 100 crore, expand private label offerings". Livemint.com. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  42. ^ Bureau, Indiaretailing (3 February 2021). "Nykaa Naturals branches out into a new category, launches hair care range". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  43. ^ "Nykaa Beauty enters the essentials category". The New Indian Express. 7 July 2020.
  44. ^ "Masaba Gupta collaborates with Nykaa to launch fragrance collection". The New Indian Express. 20 June 2020.
  45. ^ Bhattacharya, Ananya (24 October 2019). "Nykaa was an obvious choice for Katrina Kaif over Amazon and Flipkart". Quartz India.
  46. ^ "Katrina Kaif finally reveals her much-awaited makeup line on Instagram". Vogue India. 16 October 2019.
  47. ^ "Exclusive: Beauty e-tailer Nykaa acquires women styling platform 20Dresses.com". Techcircle. 22 March 2019.
  48. ^ "Nykaa Fashion acquires jewellery brand Pipa Bella". cnbctv18.com. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  49. ^ "nykaa: Nykaa buys skincare co Dot & Key | Bengaluru News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 23 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  50. ^ "Nykaa acquires 18.51% stake in beauty brand Earth Rhythm for Rs 41.65 crore". Moneycontrol. 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  51. ^ Thathoo, Chetan (10 September 2022). "Nykaa Completes 100% Acquisition Of Digital Content Platform Little Black Book". Inc42 Media. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  52. ^ "Nykaa Adopts 360-degree Marketing Strategy To Promote Products; But Influencers Play A Vital Role". Moneycontrol. 4 December 2020.
  53. ^ Bureau, Indiaretailing (14 May 2018). "Nykaa.com closes its series D investment round of Rs 165 crore". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  54. ^ "Nykaa and acid-attack survivor Laxmi Agarwal join hands for #WhatMakesYouBeautiful – Exchange4media". Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media.
  55. ^ "Nykaa and Femina host the Nykaa Femina Beauty Awards in Mumbai". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com.
  56. ^ "Nykaa CSR | Nykaa". www.nykaa.com.
  57. ^ Alves, Glynda. "Nykaa employees turn Covid warriors, raise Rs 1 cr towards PM CARES fund; Fortis Healthcare, Amazon follow suit". The Economic Times.
  58. ^ "GiveIndia Fundraisers: India's most trusted crowdfunding website". fundraisers.giveindia.org. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  59. ^ "ET Startup Awards 2022: Nykaa's Falguni Nayar is the CEO of the Year". The Economic Times. 31 October 2022. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  60. ^ Dave, Sachin (12 April 2022). "Nykaa CEO Falguni Nayar wins EY Entrepreneur of the Year award". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  61. ^ "DNA Women Achievers Awards 2023: Nykaa founder Falguni Nayar wins in FMCG category". DNA India. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  62. ^ Arora, Sumit (17 April 2024). "World Economic Forum names Nykaa's Adwaita Nayar as a 2024 Young Global Leader". adda247. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  63. ^ a b Kar, Sanghamitra. "Nykaa fixes a data security bug". Economic Times. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  64. ^ "Flaws in code put customer data of four consumer internet platforms at risk". Live Mint. 17 November 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  65. ^ "Nykaa's bonus issue | What does it mean for the company's corporate governance record?". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  66. ^ "Nykaa's bonus issue | Independent directors' failure is galling: Fraud-investigation expert". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  67. ^ Rudra, Tapanjana (22 November 2022). "Nykaa's Chief Financial Officer Arvind Agarwal Resigns". Inc42 Media. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  68. ^ "Nykaa, Easemytrip bonus shares' issue under Sebi scanner: Report". Business Today. 24 November 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  69. ^ "Nykaa chief Falguni Nayar stands by bonus issue, but admits error in trading strategy". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

Read other articles:

Perodua MyVi

Perodua MyviInformasiProdusenPeroduaJuga disebutDaihatsu Sirion (Indonesia)[1]Masa produksiMei 2005 – SekarangBodi & rangkaKelasSubcompact/Supermini (B)Bentuk kerangka5-door hatchbackTata letakFront-engine, front-wheel-drive Perodua Myvi adalah mobil subkompak / supermini ( segmen-B ) yang diproduksi oleh pabrikan Malaysia Perodua sejak 2005. Berdasarkan Daihatsu Boon (juga bermerek Daihatsu Sirion, Toyota Passo, dan Subaru Justy ), Myvi adalah hasil kolaborasi Perodua...

 

Campagne du Kamerun

Campagne du Kamerun Tir d'un canon de 12 livres britannique à Fort Dachang en 1915. Informations générales Date 6 août 1914 - 10 mars 1916(1 an, 8 mois et 6 jours) Lieu Kamerun allemand et Colonie et protectorat du Nigeria Issue Victoire des Alliés Changements territoriaux Le Kamerun est divisé en mandats de la Société des Nations sous domination britannique et française (1919). Belligérants Royaume-Uni Colonie et protectorat du Nigeria Raj britannique France Afrique...

 

Reuss-Greiz

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Reuss-Greiz (disambigua). Principato di Reuss-Greiz Principato di Reuss-Greiz - Localizzazione Dati amministrativiNome ufficialeFürstentum Reuss-Greiz Lingue ufficialitedesco Lingue parlatetedesco CapitaleGreiz Dipendente da Sacro Romano Impero  Germania PoliticaForma di governoprincipato principiReuss Nascita1768 con Enrico XI di Reuss-Greiz Causaunione di parte dei domini del Reuss-Obergreiz e del Reuss-Untergreiz Fine1918 ...

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard)

United States Army combat formation 3rd United States Infantry Regiment(The Old Guard)3rd Infantry Regiment coat of armsActive3 June 1784 – 20 November 1946, 6 April 1948 – presentCountry United StatesBranch United States ArmyTypeInfantryRoleMemorial affairs, ceremonies and special events (two battalions)Stryker infantry (one battalion)SizeFour battalions (three active)Part ofMilitary District of WashingtonGarrison/HQ1st Battalion – Fort Myer, VA2nd Battalion – Fort Lew...

Climat désertique

Carte des climats mondiaux :Climat désertique Le climat désertique (dans la classification des climats de Köppen BWh et BWk ou encore BWn) parfois appelé climat aride est un climat caractérisé par une sécheresse et une aridité permanente qui dure toute l'année, un manque important d'eau liquide au sol et dans l'air ambiante (on parle plus précisément d'aridité) ce qui restreint fortement le développement de la vie animale et végétale. Ainsi, sauf exception, la présence hu...

 

Visual approach

Aircraft landing procedure under clear weather conditions Approach plate for the river visual 19 into Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. Pilots fly above the Potomac River until over the Rochambeau Memorial Bridge at which time they line up for their final approach. In aviation, a visual approach is an approach to a runway at an airport conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR) but where the pilot proceeds by visual reference and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must at a...

 

Lupus eritematosus sistemik

Lupus eritematosus sistemikGambar penderita butterfly rash yang terdapat pada LupusInformasi umumSpesialisasiImunologi, Reumatologi, Dermatologi  Lupus merupakan penyakit yang terkait dengan kekebalan tubuh manusia. Penyakit ini termasuk dalam penyakit autoimun. Penyakit terjadi apabila terjadi anomali pada sistem dan kerja sel pertahanan tubuh manusia. Sel pertahanan tubuh yang seharusnya melindungi tubuh dari masuknya kuman atau gangguan eksternal lainnya justeru menyerang tubuh pemili...

Lala Abdul Rashid

Not to be confused with Muhammad Rashid (field hockey, born 1941) or Abdul Rashid (field hockey, born 1947). Pakistani field hockey player Lala Abdul Rashif Personal informationBorn (1922-06-01)1 June 1922Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, British India(now Pakistan)Died 8 April 1988(1988-04-08) (aged 65)Rawalpindi, Punjab, PakistanHeight 169 cm (5 ft 7 in)Weight 201 lb (91 kg) Medal record Men's field hockey Representing  Pakistan 1960 Summer Olympics Team Compet...

 

Heber Down Conservation Area

Heber Down Conservation AreaA stairway descending into Devil's Den gully.LocationCanadaNearest cityWhitby, OntarioCoordinates43°56′3″N 78°58′56″W / 43.93417°N 78.98222°W / 43.93417; -78.98222Area284 haGoverning bodyCentral Lake Ontario Conservation Authority Heber Down Conservation Area is located in Whitby, Ontario and is owned and operated by Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority. It is located within the Lynde Creek drainage basin; it is ...

 

List of companies based in London

Canary Wharf is a major business and financial centre and is home to some of the UK's tallest buildings. This is a list of companies in London, England. London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. With an estimated 8,308,369 residents in 2012, London is the most populous region, urban zone and metropolitan area in the United Kingdom.[1] The city generates approximately 20 per cent of the UK's GDP;[2] while the economy of the London metropolitan area—t...

فران بيليبيتش

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2017) فران بيليبيتش   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 5 مايو 1989 (العمر 35 سنة)رييكا، جمهورية كرواتيا الاشتراكية الطول 6 قدم 4 بوصة (1.9 م) مركز اللعب مدافع مسدد الهدف  ...

 

Water supply and sanitation in Ghana

Drinking water supply and sanitation in Ghana Water supply and sanitation in GhanaDataWater coverage (broad definition)78% (2015)[1]Sanitation coverage (broad definition)14% (2015)[1] (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra[2])Continuity of supply25% in Accra[3]Average urban water use (L/person/day)n/aAverage urban water and sanitation tariff (US$/m3)GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)[4]Share of household meteringn/aAnnual investment in WSSUS$0...

 

Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration

This article is part of a series aboutFranklin D. Roosevelt Early life Family Paralysis State Senator Secretary of the Navy 1920 Cox–Roosevelt campaign 44th Governor of New York Governorship 32nd President of the United States First & second terms, 1933–1941 Third & fourth terms, 1941–1945 Timeline Transition Inaugurations first second third fourth First term First 100 days New Deal Glass-Steagall Act WPA Social Security SEC Fireside Chats Second term Supreme Court Packing Nati...

Daftar acara Moji

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Daftar acara Moji – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Logo Moji Halaman ini memuat daftar acara Moji. Program saat ini Berita Liputan 6 Pagi Moji (sebelumnya bernama O Channel Today, Today's U...

 

Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Conservative political party in Pakistan For other uses, see Muslim League (disambiguation). Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) پاکستان مسلم لیگ (ن) ن لیگAbbreviationPML(N)PresidentNawaz SharifChairmanRaja Zafar-ul-Haq[1]Secretary-GeneralAhsan IqbalSpokespersonMarriyum AurangzebSenior Vice PresidentMaryam Nawaz SharifLeader in SenateIshaq DarLeader in AssemblyShehbaz Sharif, Prime Minister of PakistanFounderNawaz SharifFounded18 July 1992 (32 years ago) (1...

 

Army of the Rhine (1791–1795)

French revolutionary army Army of the Rhine redirects here. For other uses, see Army of the Rhine (disambiguation). Army of the RhineFusilier of a French Revolutionary ArmyActive1791–95, 1797–98, 1799–1801Disbanded20 April 1795Country Kingdom of France (until 1792) French Republic (from 1792)AllegianceKingdom of FranceFirst RepublicMarchChant de guerre pour l'Armée du RhinCommandersNotablecommandersNicolas LucknerAdam Philippe, Comte de CustineMilitary unit vteWar of the First Coalitio...

Piala FA 1904–1905

Piala FA 1904–1905Negara InggrisJuara bertahanManchester CityJuaraAston Villa(gelar ke-4)Tempat keduaNewcastle United← 1903–1904 1905–1906 → Piala FA 1904–1905 adalah edisi ke-34 dari penyelenggaraan Piala FA, turnamen tertua dalam sepak bola di Inggris. Edisi ini dimenangkan oleh Aston Villa setelah mengalahkan Newcastle United pada pertandingan final dengan skor 2–0. Final Artikel utama: Final Piala FA 1905 Aston Villa v Newcastle United 15 April 1905 Aston Villa 2–0 Ne...

 

صدر أعظم

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. الصدر الأعظم يسمح بالاجتماع في قصر الباب العالي. الصدر الأعظم بالعثمانية صدر أعظم أو وزیر أعظم وهو أعلى منصب تحت السلطان مع السلطة المطلقة له وهو الذي يحمل ختم السلطنة، وسلطة...