Nothrotherium
| Nothrotherium | |
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| Skull of Nothrotherium | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Placentalia |
| Order: | Pilosa |
| Suborder: | Folivora |
| Family: | †Nothrotheriidae |
| Subfamily: | †Nothrotheriinae |
| Genus: | †Nothrotherium Lydekker, 1889 |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Nothrotherium is an extinct genus of medium-sized ground sloth from South America (Bolivia, Brazil and the Ware Formation, La Guajira, Colombia).[1] It differs from Nothrotheriops in smaller size and differences in skull and hind leg bones.
Taxonomy
Nothrotherium is derived from the Greek nothros [νωθρός], meaning "lazy" or "slothful," and therion [θηρίον], "beast", and the type species N. maquinense is named after the Maquiné Grotto in Brazil, where it was found. Synonyms such as Coelodon occasionally cause confusion where they occur in early texts such as that of Alfred Russel Wallace's major work, The Geographical Distribution of Animals (1876).[2] This genus formerly included the species Nothrotheriops shastensis, which was later moved to Nothrotheriops.
Palaeobiology
Palaeoecology
Analysis of δ13C values of N. maquinense remains suggests that they were specialists feeding predominantly on C3 vegetation.[3] Analysis of a coprolite associated with a N. maquinense skeleton in Brazil's Gruta dos Brejoes show it to have been a browser which fed on xerophytic leaves and fruits,[4] and it is sometimes thought to have been an inhabitant of open, peripheral forests, possibly having a semi-arboreal lifestyle, like the contemporaneous Cuban ground sloths and Diabolotherium.[5]
Palaeopathology
Based on a fossil find from Lapa dos Peixes I, the species N. maquinense is known to have suffered from calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.[6]
Extinction
Plant material in the Gruta dos Brejoes coprolite yielded a date of 12,200 ± 120 yr BP, indicating that it survived long enough to encounter the first humans in South America and that it went extinct as part of the Late Pleistocene extinction event.[7][8]
References
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.12
- ^ Wallace, Alfred Russel (1876). The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Harper and brothers – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Dantas, Mário André Trindade; Vieira Araújo, André; Eltink Nogueira, Estevan; Alves Silva, Lais; Araujo Leoni, Ronaldo; Moura Fêlix, Pedro; Cherkinsky, Alexander (4 May 2021). "Isotopic paleoecology ( δ 13 C) of mesoherbivores from Late Pleistocene of Gruta da Marota, Andaraí, Bahia, Brazil". Historical Biology. 33 (5): 643–651. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1650742. ISSN 0891-2963. Retrieved 24 September 2024 – via Taylor and Francis Online.
- ^ Duarte, L.; Souza, M. M. (1991). "Restos de vegetais conservados em coprólitos de mamíferos (Palaeolama sp. e Nothrotherium maquinense (Lund, Lydekker) na Gruta dos Brejoes, BA". Boletim de Resumos do XII Congresso Brasileiro de Paleotologia: 74.
- ^ Eisenberg, John F.; Redford, Kent H. (1989). Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press. p. 34. ISBN 9780226195421.
- ^ de S. Barbosa, Fernando H.; da Silva, Rafael Costa; Alves-Silva, Laís; Liparini, Alexandre; de Araújo-Júnior, Hermínio I. (22 July 2024). "Integrating paleopathology and paleoecology to unravel the lifestyle of the Pleistocene sloth Nothrotherium maquinense". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 31 (3). doi:10.1007/s10914-024-09728-1. ISSN 1064-7554. Retrieved 5 November 2025 – via Springer Nature Link.
- ^ Czaplewski, N. J.; Cartelle, Castor (1998). "Pleistocene bats from cave deposits in Bahia, Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy. 79 (3): 784–803. doi:10.2307/1383089. JSTOR 1383089.
- ^ Steadman, D. W.; et al. (2005). "Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (33): 11763–11768. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10211763S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502777102. PMC 1187974. PMID 16085711.
Bibliography
- Amson, Eli; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology: 1–20, retrieved 2017-03-31
Further reading
- Classification of Mammals by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell
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