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No Fixed Address (NFA)
No Fixed Address (NFA)
Origin	Adelaide, South Australia
Genres	Reggae rock
Years active	1979–1985, 1987–1988, 2008, 2016–present
Labels	Rough Diamond; Astor; PolyGram; Mushroom
Members	Bart Willoughby; Ricky Harrison; Tjimba Possum Burns; Sean Moffat;
Past members	see Members list

No Fixed Address (NFA) are an Australian reggae rock group whose members are all Aboriginal Australians, mostly from South Australia. The band formed in 1979, split in 1984, with several brief reformations or guest appearances in 1987–1988 and 2008, before reuniting in 2016 and continuing to perform into 2024. The original members were Bart Willoughby, Les Graham (aka Leslie Lovegrove), Ricky Harrison, John Miller, and Veronica Rankine. As of 2024^[update] the members are Willoughby, Harrison, Tjimba Possum Burns, and Sean Moffat. They were the first Aboriginal band to travel overseas. They have been inducted into the Hall of Fame at the inaugural National Indigenous Music Awards as well as the SA Music Hall of Fame, and have had a laneway in Adelaide CBD named after them.

Biography

1979–1984

No Fixed Address formed in 1979 at the Centre for Aboriginal Studies in Music (CASM) in North Adelaide, South Australia.^[1]^[2]^[3] Most of the band members were students at CASM, where they first heard reggae music from Jamaica, including Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Jimmy Cliff.^[4]

The all-Aboriginal band was led by Pitjanjatjara man Bart Willoughby (lead vocals and drums), from Koonibba Mission near Ceduna in the far south-west of South Australia, and included Gunaikurnai man Ricky Harrison (rhythm guitarist and principal songwriter) from Morwell in Victoria; Ngarrindjeri man Leslie Lovegrove Freeman (lead guitarist; also known as Les Graham) from Murray Bridge in South Australia; John Miller (bass) from Port Lincoln in South Australia; and Ngarrindjeri woman Veronica Rankine (tenor saxophone; daughter of Leila Rankine), from the south-east of South Australia. All of the members were related through family ties.^[5]^[6] Veronica was very talented and could also play piano, flute, and clarinet.^[7]

In 1979, NFA played its first large concert at the National Aboriginal Day held at Taperoo, South Australia, and were especially supported by community radio station 5MMM after this.^[8] Four of their songs made the Top 5 playlist on Three D Radio (then 5MMM).^[3] The band became a very popular pub rock outfit among students and the alternative music scene.^[8]

In 1980 the band made a feature film titled Wrong Side of the Road with another CASM band, Us Mob. The movie dealt with the trials and joys of touring and the contrasting receptions they received in Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities. With the recording of the soundtrack, No Fixed Address, and Us Mob became the first contemporary Aboriginal bands to be recorded.^[9] The film won the Jury Prize for best picture at the 1981 AFI Awards.^[3] The soundtrack album to Wrong Side of the Road, with six tracks from each of the bands, sold well and received plenty of airplay on indie radio stations. Mick Pacholli became their manager.^[10]

They toured to Perth, where 13 of their 20 booked gigs were cancelled when the promoters found out they were Aboriginal. Cold Chisel happened to be there and helped them to book some gigs. Willoughby broke his right arm in Perth, and the band had to get a replacement drummer for a concert that was filmed by ABC Television for Rock Arena.^[10]

On the strength of their live performances and airplay of their demo recordings on 5MMM they were the cover story on the August 1980 edition of national rock magazine Roadrunner.^[11] In December 1980, the band supported Cold Chisel on its "Summer Offensive" tour to the east coast, with the final concert on 20 December at the University of Adelaide.^[3]^[12]^[10]

In 1982 the band were contracted to Rough Diamond Records, a subsidiary of Polygram Records and released their debut mini-album From My Eyes, produced by David Briggs, former guitarist with Little River Band.^[10] The album was launched at the Hilton Hotel by the Australian Prime Minister, Bob Hawke. The video for the single, "From My Eyes" was filmed at Hanging Rock in Victoria and the Old Melbourne Gaol. The band toured Australia in 1982, in support of Peter Tosh. Following the success of the Peter Tosh tour, the band became the first Aboriginal band to travel overseas, touring Great Britain, playing at nine cities including London, Bristol, Leeds, Plymouth, and Manchester,^[13]^[4] as well as the Elephant Fayre festival and at a concert for the coal miners' strike.^[5]

Didgeridoo player Billy Inda made a guest appearance and Joe Geia played the introduction didgeridoo on folk rock band Goanna's single "Solid Rock" from their 1982 album, Spirit of Place. The single peaked at No. 3 in October on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart, the first charting rock song to feature the didgeridoo.^[14]^[15]

In January 1983, No Fixed Address performed at the Narara Music Festival at Somersby, NSW.^[16]

The 1984 video for "We Have Survived" was filmed at Palm Beach and Botany Bay in Sydney. The song has become an unofficial anthem for many of Australia's Indigenous peoples, with its most well-known line "We have survived /The White man’s world /And you know /You can’t change that".^[17]^[11]

NFA also toured with Ian Dury and the Blockheads (November 1981), The Clash (February 1982),^[10] Midnight Oil, Split Enz, Mental as Anything, and others.^[3]

Willoughby joined his cousin (Bunna Lawrie)'s band, Coloured Stone in 1984.^{[citation needed]}

1987–1988

In 1987 Willoughby reformed the band and they toured Europe, including a number of Eastern Bloc countries, appearing at the East Berlin Festival.^[18] In late 1988 Willoughby joined Yothu Yindi^[19] and as result the group disbanded again.^[5]

2008

In 2008 the band reformed and played at the Dreaming Festival in Woodford, Queensland,^[20] and (in November) the Tarerer Festival in Port Fairy, Victoria,^[21] where they released a limited edition CD copy of From My Eyes.^[20]

Also in 2008 the band's song "We Have Survived" was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry.^[22]

2016–present

In June 2016, Ricky Harrison, Les Graham, John Miller, and Bart Willoughby reunited to perform in Adelaide when they were inducted into the SA Music Hall of Fame.^[23] It was announced that Veronica Rankine, who died in 2001, would be posthumously inducted.^[24]^[25]

On 29 September 2016 the band performed at the Lomond Hotel in Brunswick East, Melbourne.^[26]^[4]

The band performed on Australia Day at the Share the Spirit Festival in the Treasury Gardens, Melbourne, in both 2017^[4] and 2020. They also performed at the Saltwater Festival in Broome, Western Australia, in 2018.^[3]

On 25 March 2021 they performed at The Gov in Adelaide to celebrate the naming of "No Fixed Address Lane" in the city (see below).^[27]

A biography of the band, titled No Fixed Address^[28] was published in May 2023. It was written by former music journalist Donald Robertson and published by Hybrid Publishers, Melbourne.^[7]

In August 2023, the band performed at Her Majesty's Theatre in Adelaide.^[6] In January 2024, they performed at the Sidney Myer Music Bowl in Melbourne for the Share the Spirit Festival in Melbourne, along with Coloured Stone, Blackfire, Stray Blacks, and many other Indigenous musicians.^[29]

They have announced on their Facebook page that they would be performing in Sydney as part of Vivid Sydney on the 12 June 2024, and as this year is the 40th anniversary of their UK tour, that they would also be performing in August 2024.^[30]

Members

Various band members have included:^[31]

Founding members

Bart Willoughby – drums, vocals, guitar, didgeridoo (1979–1985, 1986–1988, 2008–current)
Les Graham (aka Leslie Lovegrove and Les Graham Kelly^[25]) - guitar (1979–1983, 1986–1988, 2008-2022)
Ricky Harrison (aka Chris Jones) – guitar (1979–1985, 2008-current)
John Miller – bass (1979–1981, 1986–1988, 2008-current)
Veronica Rankine (died 2001^[24]) – vocals, saxophone, flute (1979–1980)

Other members

John Newchurch - vocals (1979)
Tony Mullett - bass (1979)
Donald 'Duckie' Taylor – bass (1979, 1982-1983)
Carroll Karpeny - guitar (1979)
Joe Geia – vocals, percussion, didgeridoo (1982–1983)
Joe Hayes – bass (1981-1982)
Billy Inda Cummins – percussion, didgeridoo (1981-1983)
Nicky Moffat^[a] – bass (1982–1985)
Peter Meredith – guitar (1983)
Billy Gorham – bass (1983)
Louis McManus – guitar (1983–1984)
Selwyn Burns – guitar (1984-1985, 2023)
Monty Lovett - bass (1985)
David Osborne - guitar (1985)
Rick Lovegrove (deceased^[32]) – guitar (1986–1988)
Tjimba Possum Burns - bass (2023-)
Sean Moffat^[a] (nephew of Ricky Harrison) – lead guitar (2023-)

Current lineup

As of 2023^[update] the lineup was:^[7]^[33]

Bart Willoughby
Ricky Harrison
Tjimba Possum Burns
Sean Moffat^[a]

Discography

Albums

List of albums, with Australian chart positions
Title	Album details	Peak chart positions
Title	Album details	AUS ^[15]
Wrong Side of the Road (Soundtrack with Us Mob)	Released: 1981 Format: LP, CD, Cassette Label: Black Australia Records (YPRX-1905)	67
From My Eyes	Released: 1982 Format: LP, CD, Cassette Label: Rough Diamond/Astor/PolyGram (RDM 8804)	77

Singles

Year	Title	Album
1982	"From My Eyes"/"We Have Survived"	From My Eyes

Awards and recognition

"We Have Survived" was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry in 2008.<^[5]
In 2020, Lindes Lane (a street abutting Adelaide's Rundle Mall) was renamed "No Fixed Address Lane", in honour of the band.^[36]^[37]

National Indigenous Music Awards

The National Indigenous Music Awards (NIMA) (formally NT Indigenous Music Awards) recognise excellence, dedication, innovation and outstanding contribution to the Northern Territory music industry. They commenced in 2004.


Year	Nominee / work	Award	Result	Ref.
2011	No Fixed Address	Hall of Fame	inducted	^[38]^[39]

South Australian Music Awards

The South Australian Music Awards, also known as SA Music Awards, commonly SAM Awards, formerly Fowler's Live Music Awards (FLMA), are annual awards that exist to recognise, promote and celebrate excellence in the South Australian contemporary music industry. They commenced in 2012.


Year	Nominee / work	Award	Result	Ref.
2016	No Fixed Address	South Australian Music Hall of Fame	inducted	^[23]

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c Sometimes incorrectly spelt "Moffatt", but most reliable sources have only a single "t".^[34]^[35]

References

^ Garofalo, Reebee (1992). Rockin' the Boat: Mass Music and Mass Movements. South End Press. p. 161-162. ISBN 0-89608-427-2. reggae rock.
^ Hawker, Philippa (5 February 2014). "Bart Willoughby is an organ donor, note by note, on the Melbourne Town Hall organ". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "No Fixed Address Lane" (Includes map). Alpaca Travel. City of Music Laneways. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d McManus, Justin (19 January 2017). "'We were the first': How No Fixed Address made white Australia listen". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gifford, Brenda. "We Have Survived (1981): Curator's notes". Australian Screen Online. NFSA.
^ ^a ^b Cole, Leesha (29 August 2023). "Music review: No Fixed Address". InReview. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Newstead, Al; Tran, Caz (6 July 2023). "No Fixed Address: How Australia's first reggae-rock band blazed a trail for Indigenous artists". Double J. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b Donovan, Thomas G.; Lorraine, Brody T. (2002). Media Ethics, an Aboriginal Film and the Australian Film Commission. iUniverse. p. 16. ISBN 978-05952526-6-4.
^ Dwyer, Michael (20 October 2006). "History wars, the musical". The Age. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "'No Fixed Address': The Nullarbor crash". Roadrunnertwice. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b Robertson, Donald (29 March 2015). "No Fixed Address: young, black and proud". Roadrunner twice. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ "Gig History 1980's". Cold Chisel. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ Tatoulis, John. "No Fixed Address on Tour". Creative Spirits. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ McFarlane 'Goanna' entry. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
^ ^a ^b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6. NOTE: Used for Australian Singles and Albums charting from 1974 until Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) created their own charts in mid-1988. In 1992, Kent back calculated chart positions for 1970–1974.
^ "No Fixed Address's 1983 Concert & Tour History". Concert Archives. 28 January 1983. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ Clough, Brent (2003). "Jamming Down-Under: Bob Marley's Legacy and Reggae Culture in Australia and New Zealand". In Eleanor Wint, Carolyn Cooper (ed.). Bob Marley: The Man and His Music : a Selection of Papers Presented at the Conference Marley's Music, Reggae, Rastafari, and Jamaican Culture, Held at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, 5–6 February 1995. Arawak publications. p. 30. ISBN 976-95047-9-3. "We Have Survived" has become an unofficial anthem of black pride and resilience.
^ Patrice Ann Power; Brody T. Lorraine (2008). Bardoo Mai & Other Indigenous Things. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-18479958-3-4.
^ "Bart Willoughby, c. 2000". National Portrait Gallery (Australia). 15 March 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "From My Eyes 2008 limited Ed". That Striped Sunlight Sound: No Fixed Address. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ Liptai, Tina (13 November 2008). "Tarerer flies the flag for culture and fun". The Standard. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "Sounds of Australia Registry". National Film and Sound Archive. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
^ ^a ^b Opie, Rebecca (3 June 2016). "No Fixed Address reunite to perform at SA music hall of fame induction". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b Hetherington, James (29 May 2016). "SA legends into Music Hall of Fame". AdelaideNow. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Inductees". South Australian Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "No Fixed Address at The Lomond". Ticketebo. 29 September 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ "No Fixed Address". The Gov. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
^ Stewart, Paulie (20 May 2023). "Donald Robertson - No Fixed Address". The Saturday Paper.
^ "Share the Spirit". Arts Centre Melbourne. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "No Fixed Address". Facebook. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ Robertson, Donald (2023). No Fixed Address. Melbourne: Hybrid Publishers. ISBN 9781922768124.
^ "Rundle Mall • No Fixed Address Lane". Rundle Mall. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "No Fixed Address concert" (photo). InDaily. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ Bremer, Rudi (27 May 2023). "Trailblazing rock 'n reggae band No Fixed Address are the subject of a new memoir" (audio + text). ABC listen. Awaye!. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "Band's permanent Address". Gippsland Times. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ SKuijns, Angela (2 September 2020). "No Fixed Address given permanent CBD address". CityMag. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ "Rundle Mall • No Fixed Address Lane". Rundle Mall. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ "Gurrumul dominates NIMAs". Deadly Vibe. Vibe Australia. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ O'Toole, Kate (20 September 2011). "Bunna Lawrie and Coloured Stone perform at the NIMAs". ABC Radio. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

McFarlane, Ian (1999). Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-768-2.

External links

AFI Screen Biographies
"Wrong Side of the Road". Kooriweb. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. These subjective annotated bibliographical records are linked to the RMIT University Bonza database.

[fn1-32] Sometimes incorrectly spelt "Moffatt", but most reliable sources have only a single "t".^[34]^[35]

[1] Garofalo, Reebee (1992). Rockin' the Boat: Mass Music and Mass Movements. South End Press. p. 161-162. ISBN 0-89608-427-2. reggae rock.

[smhbart-2] Hawker, Philippa (5 February 2014). "Bart Willoughby is an organ donor, note by note, on the Melbourne Town Hall organ". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 April 2015.

[alpacalane-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "No Fixed Address Lane" (Includes map). Alpaca Travel. City of Music Laneways. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[McManus_2017-4] McManus, Justin (19 January 2017). "'We were the first': How No Fixed Address made white Australia listen". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[aso-5] Gifford, Brenda. "We Have Survived (1981): Curator's notes". Australian Screen Online. NFSA.

[cole2023-6] Cole, Leesha (29 August 2023). "Music review: No Fixed Address". InReview. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[doublej2023-7] Newstead, Al; Tran, Caz (6 July 2023). "No Fixed Address: How Australia's first reggae-rock band blazed a trail for Indigenous artists". Double J. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[donovan-8] Donovan, Thomas G.; Lorraine, Brody T. (2002). Media Ethics, an Aboriginal Film and the Australian Film Commission. iUniverse. p. 16. ISBN 978-05952526-6-4.

[9] Dwyer, Michael (20 October 2006). "History wars, the musical". The Age. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

[roadrunner2023-10] "'No Fixed Address': The Nullarbor crash". Roadrunnertwice. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[Roadrunner_twice_2015-11] Robertson, Donald (29 March 2015). "No Fixed Address: young, black and proud". Roadrunner twice. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[12] "Gig History 1980's". Cold Chisel. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[13] Tatoulis, John. "No Fixed Address on Tour". Creative Spirits. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

[McF-14] McFarlane 'Goanna' entry. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

[Kent-15] Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6. NOTE: Used for Australian Singles and Albums charting from 1974 until Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) created their own charts in mid-1988. In 1992, Kent back calculated chart positions for 1970–1974.

[16] "No Fixed Address's 1983 Concert & Tour History". Concert Archives. 28 January 1983. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[17] Clough, Brent (2003). "Jamming Down-Under: Bob Marley's Legacy and Reggae Culture in Australia and New Zealand". In Eleanor Wint, Carolyn Cooper (ed.). Bob Marley: The Man and His Music : a Selection of Papers Presented at the Conference Marley's Music, Reggae, Rastafari, and Jamaican Culture, Held at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, 5–6 February 1995. Arawak publications. p. 30. ISBN 976-95047-9-3. "We Have Survived" has become an unofficial anthem of black pride and resilience.

[18] Patrice Ann Power; Brody T. Lorraine (2008). Bardoo Mai & Other Indigenous Things. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-18479958-3-4.

[npg-19] "Bart Willoughby, c. 2000". National Portrait Gallery (Australia). 15 March 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[eyes2008-20] "From My Eyes 2008 limited Ed". That Striped Sunlight Sound: No Fixed Address. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[21] Liptai, Tina (13 November 2008). "Tarerer flies the flag for culture and fun". The Standard. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[22] "Sounds of Australia Registry". National Film and Sound Archive. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.

[sahall-23] Opie, Rebecca (3 June 2016). "No Fixed Address reunite to perform at SA music hall of fame induction". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[hetherington2016-24] Hetherington, James (29 May 2016). "SA legends into Music Hall of Fame". AdelaideNow. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[hof-25] "Inductees". South Australian Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[26] "No Fixed Address at The Lomond". Ticketebo. 29 September 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[27] "No Fixed Address". The Gov. Retrieved 23 April 2021.

[28] Stewart, Paulie (20 May 2023). "Donald Robertson - No Fixed Address". The Saturday Paper.

[29] "Share the Spirit". Arts Centre Melbourne. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[30] "No Fixed Address". Facebook. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[31] Robertson, Donald (2023). No Fixed Address. Melbourne: Hybrid Publishers. ISBN 9781922768124.

[lane-33] "Rundle Mall • No Fixed Address Lane". Rundle Mall. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[34] "No Fixed Address concert" (photo). InDaily. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[35] Bremer, Rudi (27 May 2023). "Trailblazing rock 'n reggae band No Fixed Address are the subject of a new memoir" (audio + text). ABC listen. Awaye!. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[36] "Band's permanent Address". Gippsland Times. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

[37] SKuijns, Angela (2 September 2020). "No Fixed Address given permanent CBD address". CityMag. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[38] "Rundle Mall • No Fixed Address Lane". Rundle Mall. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.

[39] "Gurrumul dominates NIMAs". Deadly Vibe. Vibe Australia. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

[40] O'Toole, Kate (20 September 2011). "Bunna Lawrie and Coloured Stone perform at the NIMAs". ABC Radio. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

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No Fixed Address (band)