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Nicolás Portal
Nicolás Portal
Born	Unknown; Ica, Department of Ica, Peru
Died	August 13, 1892; Lima, Lima Province, Peru
Allegiance	Peru
Branch	Peruvian Navy
Years of service	1853 – 1881
Rank	Captain
Battles / wars	War of the Pacific Naval campaign of the War of the Pacific Capture of the corvette Pilcomayo; ;

Nicolás Federico Portal was a Peruvian captain and politician during the War of the Pacific. He is known for being the captain of the BAP Unión throughout the war.

Biography

Entering military service in 1853, he made midshipman of steamer Izcuchaca in 1853 and was promoted to frigate lieutenant on 1856. He served on the ship Vigilante in 1857. Then he successively embarked on the brigantine Martina on 1859 and on the barque Iquique, as a detail officer on 1860. He was promoted to second lieutenant in 1862 and transferred to the frigate Arica, also as a detail officer. On board said frigate, in May 1862 he traveled to the United Kingdom, commissioned to bring the newly built river steamers, which were destined to patrol the Amazon Rivers. He towed the brigantine Próspero from Pará to Iquitos and commanded the steamer Pastaza. He established the shipping line between Yurimaguas and Pará.

He was promoted to effective first lieutenant in 1864 and to corvette captain in 1865. On May 21, 1866, he returned to Callao and was attached to the General Command of the Navy. That same year he was named successively commander of the steamship Sachaca and second commander of the corvette BAP América [es].

He was sent on commission to Europe and the United States in 1867, returning the following year. He was then sent on commission to the south of Peru in order to provide assistance to the population as a result of the terrible earthquake that occurred on August 13, 1868. In November he was assigned to most of the Plaza del Callao under the orders of Colonel Tomás Gutiérrez.

He was appointed port captain of the Chincha Islands and then of Iquique in 1869. That same year he was sent to Saint Thomas to take charge of the Marañón transport, which towed the monitor Manco Cápac bound for Callao from New Orleans. He fulfilled his mission by arriving at the port of Chalaco in May 1870.

He was promoted to frigate captain in 1870 and was appointed commander of the monitor Manco Cápac. In 1871 he became commander of the corvette Unión, with which he began a trip for the UK to make repairs, starting on November 30, 1872, and returning in 1873.^[1] In May 1875, he accidentally occupied the command of Chalaco carrying out the drilling of the coast from Callao to Loa to install the submarine cable and by July, he returned to the Unión.

In 1876 he was promoted to captain of an effective ship. In 1877 he was appointed prefect of Tarapacá and in 1878, of Amazonas.

The War of the Pacific broke out in April 1879 and became commander of the Unión once again. It was part of the Second Peruvian Squadron along with the Pilcomayo. The division was commanded by Captain Aurelio García y García, who hoisted his ensign in the Unión.^[2]

Portal, under the command of the Unión, participated in the Battle of Chipana, which was the first naval confrontation of the war on April 12, 1879.^[3] After maintenance work on his ship, which lasted three months, he accompanied the monitor Huáscar and Miguel Grau on raids along the Chilean coast. Between July and August he made the famous trip to Punta Arenas, in the extreme south of the continent, with the mission of intercepting a Chilean arms transport, a mission that he could not accomplish, because it had gone ahead.

At the beginning of the Battle of Angamos, when the Huáscar and the Unión were surrounded by the Chilean fleet, the Unión, following the war instructions established for such circumstances, escaped for Arica, being pursued by the Chilean corvettes Loa and O 'Higgins, who abandoned the pursuit at Huanillos, due to the greater speed of the Peruvian corvette on October 8, 1879.

On December 8, 1879, Portal left the command of the Unión and went on to serve in the batteries of Callao, until August 1880, when he became captain of the port of Pisco. After the Chilean occupation, he was left without employment

After the war ended and the process of National Reconstruction [es] began as he was appointed general agent and sub-administrator of the Lake Titicaca steamships in 1888. In 1890, he was appointed Prefect of Áncash.^[4] In 1891 he became inspector of the captaincies.

References

^ Historia marítima del Perú: La República : 1870 a 1876 (in Spanish). Vol. 9. Editorial Ausonis. 1972. p. 676. ISBN 9972633039. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
^ William F. Sater (January 1, 2007). Andean Tragedy: Fighting the War of the Pacific, 1879-1884: Studies in war, society, and the military. University of Nebraska Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0803207592. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
^ "La Guerra del Pacífico 1879-1884 (Perú, Bolivia y Chile): Nicolás Portal". La Guerra del Pacífico 1879-1884 (Perú, Bolivia y Chile) (in Spanish). Retrieved May 10, 2022.
^ Mark Thurner (1997). Walter D. Mignolo; Irene Silverblatt; Sonia Saldívar-hull (eds.). From Two Republics to One Divided: Contradictions of Postcolonial Nationmaking in Andean Peru. Duke University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0822318121. Retrieved May 10, 2022.

Bibliography

Basadre Grohmann, Jorge: Historia de la República del Perú (1822 - 1933), Tomo 8. Editada por la Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. Lima, 2005. ISBN 9972-205-70-3 (V.8)
Ortiz Sotelo, Jorge - Castañeda Martos, Alicia: Diccionario Biográfico Marítimo Peruano. Asociación de Historia Marítima y Naval Iberoamericana, Lima, 2007. Impreso por Jhire Grafel S.R.L. ISBN 978-9972-877-06-3
Viaje de los Monitores Manco Cápac y Atahualpa desde el Atlántico al Pacífico 1868 - 1870. Edición y compilación: Alicia Castañeda Martos. Fondo de Publicaciones Dirección General de Intereses Marítimos. Lima, 1991. Impreso en Talleres Gráficos de CESY GRAF S.A.