Nickel niobate is a complex oxide which as a solid material has found potential applications in catalysis and lithium batteries.
Properties
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Complexes
Nickel niobate has been added to other elements forming bismuth nickel niobate (Bi 2O 3-NiO-Nb 2O 5), providing a dense ceramic body at low sintering temperatures. Cubic pyrochlore, tetragonal pyrochlore, and other unknown phases were found.[4]
Single-phase perovskiteceramics of Pb(Ni 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3 (PNN) have been prepared by the columbite precursor method. Dielectric studies showed that ceramic Pb(Ni 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3 is a typical relaxor ferroelectric with properties like those of its single-crystals.[5]
Applications
Nickel niobate has been examined for use as a catalyst to reduce 4-nitrophenol due to a photo-synergistic effect that exploits the synergy between thermal active sites and photogenerated electrons.[6]
Nickel niobate has also been examined in an "open and regular" crystalline form for use as the anode in a lithium ion battery. It forms a porous, nano-scale structure that eliminates the dendrite formation that can cause short circuits and other problems. The material offers energy density of 244 mAh g−1 and retains 80%+ of its capacity across 20k cycles. The manufacturing process is straightforward and does not require a clean room.[7] The anode offers a diffusion coefficient of 10−12 cm2 s−1 at 300 K, which allows fast charging/dischargine at high current densities, yielding capacities of 140 and 50 mAh g−1 for 10 and 100C respectively.[8]
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