Nicholas Hughes

Nicholas Hughes
Nicholas Hughes
Born	January 17, 1962; North Tawton, Devon, England,; United Kingdom
Died	March 16, 2009 (aged 47); Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.
Citizenship	United Kingdom; United States
Alma mater	University of Oxford (B.A., M.A.); University of Alaska Fairbanks (Ph.D.)
Known for	Stream salmonid ecology
Parent(s)	Ted Hughes; Sylvia Plath
	Scientific career
Fields	Fisheries biology
Institutions	University of Alaska Fairbanks

Nicholas Farrar Hughes (January 17, 1962 – March 16, 2009)^[3] was a British and American^[2] fisheries biologist known as an expert in stream salmonid ecology.^[4]^[5]^[6] Hughes was the son of the American poet Sylvia Plath and English poet Ted Hughes, and the younger brother of artist and poet Frieda Hughes. He and his sister were public figures as small children due to the circumstances of their mother's widely publicized death by suicide.

Early life

Nicholas was born in North Tawton, Devon, England in 1962. Through his father's mother, Hughes was related to Nicholas Ferrar (1592–1637).^[7]

After her son was born, Plath wrote most of the poems that would comprise her most famous collection of poems (the posthumously published Ariel), and published her semi-autobiographical novel about mental illness, The Bell Jar. In the summer of 1962, Ted Hughes began an affair with Assia Wevill; Hughes and Plath separated in the autumn of 1962. On February 11, 1963, while Nicholas, age one, and his sister Frieda, two and a half, slept upstairs, Plath taped shut the doorframe of the room in which the children slept, then placed towels around the kitchen door to make sure fumes could not escape to harm the children, and died by suicide using the toxic gas from the kitchen oven.^[8]

Plath addressed one of her last poems, "Nick and the Candlestick", to her son:

O love, how did you get here?
O embryo

Remembering, even in sleep
Your crossed position.
The blood blooms clean

In you, ruby.
The pain
You wake to is not yours.

After their mother Sylvia Plath's 1963 suicide, their father Ted Hughes installed his current lover Assia Wevill in the family home to take care of his & Plath's two children, Frieda & Nicholas.

In 1969, Assia Wevill also died by suicide after killing her 4-year-old child by Hughes.

In 1970, Ted Hughes married his long-time lover Carol Orchard, and the children continued their life on the family farm in Devon.^[9]^[10]

Despite the posthumous fame of Sylvia Plath, and the growing literary and biographical writings about her death, Nicholas was not told about the circumstances of his mother's suicide until the 1970s.^[4]^[11] In 1998, Ted Hughes published Birthday Letters, over 30 years of poems about Plath, which he dedicated to his two children.

In the poem "Life After Death", Hughes recounts how:

Your son's eyes.... would become
So perfectly your eyes,
Became wet jewels
The hardest substance of the purest pain
As I fed him in his high white chair.^[12]

Professional career

Hughes was passionate about wildlife, especially fish.^[4] He attended Oxford University, receiving a BA degree in zoology in 1984.^[2] From 1984 to 1991, he worked in Fairbanks, Alaska as a research assistant at the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, part of the Biological Resources Division of the United States Geological Survey, and from 1990 to 1991, he was a student intern with the Sportfish Division of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.^[2] In 1991, he earned a Ph.D. in biology from University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF).^[2]^[6]

After receiving his doctorate, Hughes held positions of increasing responsibility, instructing at UAF's School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences in 1991–1992 and working as a research associate with UAF's Institute of Arctic Biology from 1992 to 1998. He held a post-doctoral fellowship from 1993 to 1995 with the Behavioral Ecology Research Group at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia and was a research associate there from 1995 to 1998.^[2] In September 1998, he became an assistant professor in the School of Fisheries and Ocean Science at UAF.^[2] Hughes studied stream salmonid ecology and conducted research both in the Alaska Interior and in New Zealand.^[4] He was a member of the American Fisheries Society.^[2]

During his scientific career, Hughes advanced the field of stream ecology as a prominent Alaskan biologist. According to Fairbanks reporter Dermot Cole:

The focus of Nick's professional life... dealt with what might appear to be a simple question, but was extraordinarily complex: "Why do fish prefer one position over another?" The logic of his research was that the combination of water flow and the streambed guide the way natural selection influences the behavior of individual salmon, grayling, trout and other species... A few times, I called him to let him know I would like to write about his life and his family connections, whenever a news story about his parents appeared, but he did not think it was a good idea, so it never happened. He deserved his privacy.... Here he was not a literary figure forever defined by the lives of his parents.^[13]

Hughes resigned from his faculty position at UAF in December 2006, but continued his scientific research^[6] of king salmon until his death.^[14]

Death

On March 16, 2009, Hughes died by suicide in his home in Fairbanks, Alaska.^[3]^[15] According to his sister Frieda^[16] and his UAF colleagues,^[17] he had long battled depression.

References

^ Plath, Sylvia. (2000). The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath 1950-1962. Ed. by Karen V. Kukil. New York: Anchor Books. p. 531. ISBN 0-385-72025-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Hughes, Nicholas F. (n.d.) Curriculum Vitae. Archived February 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine In "Fisheries Faculty Curriculum Vitae", School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, ca. March 2008. Accessed March 24, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Hoyle, Ben (March 23, 2009). "Nicholas Hughes, Sylvia Plath's son commits suicide". The Times. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d O'Connor, Anahad (March 23, 2009). "Son of Sylvia Plath commits suicide". The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
^ "Passings". Los Angeles Times. March 24, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Remembering Dr. Nicholas Hughes, January 17, 1962 - March 16, 2009" Archived August 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. School of Fisheries & Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Accessed March 23, 2009.
^ Butscher, Edward (1976) Sylvia Plath: method and madness. New York: Seabury Press; p. 284
^ "Sylvia Plath". From the Academy of American poets. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
^ Mendick, Robert. (2009--3-23). "History repeats as Sylvia Plath’s son kills himself." Archived March 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Evening Standard (London, UK).
^ Evening Standard. (March 23, 2009). "Ted Hughes' son found hanged." Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Evening Standard (London, UK).
^ "Nicholas Hughes son of Sylvia-Plath and Ted Hughes commits suicide". Daily Telegraph. London. March 23, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
^ Hughes, Ted "Life After Death", Birthday Letters, Faber, 1998
^ Cole, Dermot (March 23, 2009). "Nicholas Hughes, son of major poets, emerged as prominent Alaska biologist". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
^ Italie, Hillel. (March 23, 2009). "Poet Sylvia Plath's son, a prominent Fairbanks biologist, takes own life." Associated Press. Fairbanks Daily News-Miner.
^ "Poet Plath's son takes own life". BBC News. March 23, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
^ https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090323/en_nm/us_sub_britain_hughes_1 ^{[dead link]}
^ Barstow, David (April 11, 2009). "A New Chapter of Grief in Plath-Hughes Legacy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2023.